Why Did Men Stop Wearing Long Overcoats

Welcome back to the Gentleman's Gazette. In today's video, we'll discuss long overcoats, why most men today seem to be over them, and don't worry as we won't be sugar-coating any of the details. Our ever-expanding Why Did Men Stop Wearing series has covered many different articles of men's clothing but today, we're not necessarily focusing on an article of clothing so much as its length. Overcoats are still relatively common in menswear today, of course, especially in cold climates but long overcoats, which we're defining as reaching the knee or lower and that are designed to be worn over a suit, seem to be going the way of the dodo. So, in today's video, we'll trace five developments that we feel have contributed to the waning of long overcoats. Are your ideas the same as ours? Drop them in the comments below and we'll see how they compare. By the late 19th century, the overcoat had essentially replaced older outerwear garments like capes and cloaks for everyday use and the early 20th century was the heyday of overcoats featuring a variety of cuts and styles for all different formalities and occasions. After World War II, however, shifts in both fashion and broader culture occurred that saw long overcoats decline similarly to other menswear articles like hats and ties. Of course, just like hats and ties, some men definitely still do wear long overcoats. We here at the Gentleman's Gazette are prime examples. But, our long overcoated ranks are much thinner today than they once were. How did this happen? As we said, we've identified five key reasons. So, let's get into the long and short of it and start with changes in how men got around. The long overcoat evolved from earlier travel cloaks and great cloaks, which were essentially massive swathes of fabric that covered the wearer from head to toe. In addition to insulating the wearer and keeping him warm, these cloaks also protected his clothing. Because many roads were unpaved, they were muddy when it was wet and dusty when it was dry. Mud and dust could easily coat a man's clothes. Remember this iconic scene from The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly? And even as more roads became paved into the 20th century, the longer hems of long overcoats still protected men's clothes from mud, dirt, rain, and splashing. Recall that in the early to mid-20th centuries, it was more common for men to walk to work or take mass transit. So, during a trek into the office or to the nearest bus or metro stop, long overcoats both kept men warm and protected their clothing from the elements. In the latter half of the 20th century, however, individual car ownership exploded and if you just need to hop into your vehicle to drive to work with a minimal braving of the elements, a long overcoat can be unnecessary and might even be cumbersome. This is especially true as cars, as well as plane and train seating, seem to have been getting smaller over the years with more constrictive captain-style seats instead of expansive bench seating. In this scene in The Public Enemy from 1931, no fewer than four long overcoated gangsters easily spill out from their vehicle. We suspect they'd probably be a little bit more cramped in a Toyota Yaris. So, as modes of transportation have changed, long overcoats, which were designed to be worn for extended periods of time in the messy elements, have become less essential. But, it's not surprising that long overcoats have remained popular in areas that have both a strong commuter culture, as well as regularly wet and cold weather. These areas include the northeastern United States, southern England, and parts of East Asia, especially South Korea and Japan. Our second main reason for the decline of overcoats is changes to other styles of coats and suits. Overcoats were originally developed to fully cover the hems of jackets that had longer hems themselves, like frock coats or tailcoats. But, as these jackets fell out of favor, it was less important for overcoats to be as long. And, while jacket styles were changing, so too were coat styles. In the early 20th century, overcoats and the closely related top coats were essentially the only appropriate daytime outerwear for public occasions. Other jackets did exist, of course, but they were considered working or sporting garments. After World War II, though, as menswear generally became more casual, these formerly utilitarian jacket styles like motorcycle jackets, field jackets, and recreational jackets became more acceptable to wear in a wider variety of situations. So, the overcoats monopoly was broken. Long overcoats, meanwhile, remained associated with more formal day ensembles that were increasingly seen as stuffy and old-fashioned. This is chiefly because they didn't complement the increasingly casual leisure suits and sports suits that were popular in the late 60s and 1970s. And, changes in popular coat and jacket styles were hastened by changes in the overall aesthetics of the suit. The 1960s saw the rise of slimmer, trimmer suits that emphasized an athletic figure. A long overcoat, if poorly cut, could easily distort these lines and a long overcoat length hid more of a man's frame. By contrast, shorter coats and jackets in sportier cuts exposed more of a man's build and, in particular, long athletic legs. This trend towards sportier, more athletic outerwear continues to this day and is buoyed by the touting of so-called performance fabrics that claim to keep you just as warm as a long overcoat with considerably less fabric and cover. But, speaking from my personal experience of surviving Minnesota winters, I'll take a long overcoat that covers my legs any day. Broadening out a bit from our previous point, our number three factor is general changes in menswear. The appeal of sportier, slimmer, shorter jackets and coats was just one of the many changes that occurred in menswear in the second half of the 20th century into the 21st. This period also saw the rapid decline of suit wearing in general and a long overcoat can look overly bulky when worn without a suit underneath it. Efforts to bulk up the under layers then led to the pairing of a hooded sweatshirt with an overcoat in a distinctly hoodie and crombie look that is just a bit too early 2000s for us. And, at the same time that men were wearing fewer suits, they were also wearing more of other types of clothing. As the rise of fast fashion in the 1970s saw clothing prices plummet, cheap and casual options allowed men to buy more garments than ever before while paying less. This led to a proliferation of trendy one-off outfits as opposed to men buying fewer but better-made garments and combining them in different and exciting ways, one of our favorite hallmarks of classic menswear. This general trend of downward price pressure on men's clothing negatively affected long overcoats which still required more time, materials, and workmanship to create well. So, long overcoats remained expensive at a time when men were less willing to pay more money for one single clothing item. Meanwhile, because shorter coats were cheaper to make, manufacturers were happy to pump out more short coats. So, as classic style gave way to casual style in the latter 20th century, menswear overall became slimmer, trendier, and cheaper. Consumers gave up on having one tried-and-true long overcoat that could go with a variety of ensembles in favor of a large amount of cheaper, flashier coats. Our number four reason why long overcoats declined is cultural associations. Personally, we here at the Gentleman's Gazette most closely associate long overcoats with well-dressed gentlemen in classic style, braving the elements while still looking great. But not everyone seems to share this association. Because long overcoats can appear vintage and many men who wear long overcoats today are older, they've developed an association with being old-fashioned or just plain old. This is similar, by the way, to assumptions that many people have about pleated trousers and high-waisted trousers. We've done videos about both of those and you can find them here. This association discourages young men from wearing long overcoats and makes the garments seem more dated than they really are. Also, despite their ability to create a dynamic inverted V silhouette with broad shoulders and a narrow torso, long overcoats are sometimes associated today more with women. This may be due in part with hyper-masculine sensibilities being ill at ease with a plush expansive garment with a low hem, finding it similar to a long dress. But also because several of these stylistic hallmarks of traditional long overcoats like silk satin facings, colorful linings, and fur are today associated with women's wear, this may also play into this assumption. Now, obviously, you should never let gender conventions dictate what you do and do not want to wear. In a nutshell, you do you. But this situation is unfortunate because coding long overcoats as effeminate ignores their long history in classic menswear. This, by the way, is one historical detail that the Peaky Blinders television series got right. Long coats did enjoy a revival in the late 1990s and early 2000s when films like The Matrix and Equilibrium popularized them, particularly among subcultures like punks and goths. Granted, the trench coat is technically a top coat but, hey, a rising tide raises all coats. However, the desire to avoid the trendiness of the long leather coat phase, as well as to avoid associations with certain cultural subgroups, meant that long overcoats became more stigmatized by the general population in a fate similar to the fedora and the trilby. And more seriously, long overcoats do also have darker cultural associations. The most modern of these would be their association to the 1999 Columbine tragedy whose perpetrators called themselves the Trenchcoat Mafia. This, in fact, led to a ban on long coats in many schools. Going further back in history, long overcoats were closely associated with the military in general and these martial connotations were enough to make many in the anti-war movement of the 60s and 70s not want to wear long coats. And today, long black overcoats and leather trench coats are closely associated with the German military in World War II and national socialism more broadly. This has led many men to avoid wearing them for fear of being associated with the neo-nazi movement. And it's likely that these associations, coupled with their somewhat foreboding appearance, explain why long dark overcoats have been the favorite wardrobe choice of many movie and TV villains for some time. Of course, you shouldn't let assumptions about any generic article of clothing dictate whether or not you wear it, but it can be helpful to be aware of all of these associations. Our fifth and final reason today why the wearing of long overcoats declined is the overall disappearance of coat culture. All of the shifts we've gone over in our list today came together to essentially remake the world in a way that was inhospitable to long overcoats. Improvements in both vehicle and building heating made wearing long overcoats to keep warm somewhat superfluous. In the past, men often kept their overcoats on while in their cars. But today, if you go from your well-heated home to your well-heated car to your well-heated office, you might not feel the need for a long overcoat. And because long overcoats were increasingly seen as superfluous, the attendant services associated with them also began to disappear. For instance, 75 years ago, nearly every restaurant, club, and office building had a coat check or at least a coat rack. You might be able today to drape your casual jacket over the back of a chair, but a long overcoat is likely to become a puddled mess in this situation. Wearing a long overcoat is much more troublesome if you can't store it because a coat check doesn't exist, is an additional expense, or isn't well-suited to the storage of long overcoats. I, for one, don't feel like bundling up my camel hair overcoat and shoving it into one of these lockers. As long overcoats disappeared from society at large, they also began disappearing from stores because of poor sales coupled with the additional expense required to make them. Reduced availability created a vicious cycle where men weren't buying long overcoats because they were harder to find, they were harder to find because manufacturers weren't making and stocking them, and they weren't making and stocking them because men weren't buying them. As a prime example of this, consider evening overcoats, which were once a mandatory component of cold-weather black-tie and white-tie ensembles. Today, though, they're almost impossible to find and have to either be made bespoke or found secondhand, which is where Raphael found his. I suppose that's one good thing about long overcoats falling out of style, many more options at thrift stores for us. With all that said then, there are a number of factors that seem to disincentivize wearing long overcoats today, which underscores just how great they are if we're willing to overcome all of these obstacles to still wear them. Speaking of which then, let's wrap up today's video on a positive note by talking about all of the reasons why we still love long overcoats. First, they remain the best and really the only correct outerwear to pair with the most formal of ensembles. They complement both your figure and the rest of your outfit and pair effortlessly with so many classic looks. Long overcoats are ideally proportioned to be worn over suits and so they don't have that stretched-out, overburdened look that more modern coats can have when worn with several layers underneath. Long overcoats also come in a bevy of unique styles like the Chesterfield, Loden, Ulster, or Politeau to suit your own proclivities and needs. And finally, nothing helps keep your body warm and insulated like a heavyweight long overcoat that covers your legs when combined with other classic accessories like scarves and gloves. So, even if my bus is late on a frosty February morning in Minneapolis, I can stay warm and toasty on my commute and it doesn't hurt that I look great, too. So, now that you've learned why long overcoats have fallen out of favor with most men today, we hope that we've effectively dispelled any stigma or assumptions that you might have had about them. And if you'd now like to add some long overcoats to your own wardrobe, we've got a dedicated video on the subject which you can find here. Despite their decline in popularity, then there's still a lot to love about long overcoats and they pair so well with so many different classic outfits like the one I'm wearing here today. In today's video, I'm wearing my favorite long overcoat in my collection, a camel hair model. To complement its tan color, the rest of my outfit has been assembled in tones of brown and green. My French cuffed shirt is in a stair-step weave of green and white and into its cuffs, I've got inserted our gold-plated sterling silver eagle-claw cufflinks with tiger's eye as the stone to reinforce the brown color field. Of course, this overcoat would go well over a camel hair jacket like the one you're seeing here. Meanwhile, my trousers are plain brown with a reddish undertone to them and my shoes are medium brown cap-toed oxfords from Allen Edmonds. In addition to my cufflinks, the remainder of my accessories are also from Fort Belvedere today. We'll start here with my socks which are two-tone shadow stripe models in mid-brown and green. The boutonniere which I'm wearing in the lapel of my overcoat is our Oscar Wilde green mini carnation and my bow tie in wool chalet is in an olive green shade featuring a repeating medallion motif in tones of red and orange. And for a bit of outerwear flair, I'm wearing a vintage short-brimmed fedora in olive green and one more Fort Belvedere accessory, a reversible wool silk blend scarf in tones of red, green, and orange. The scarf has a checked pattern on one side and a repeating geometric motif on the other so you can wear it in whichever way you desire to show off both patterns or just one. And to find all of the Fort Belvedere accessories I'm wearing in today's video, as well as a wide variety of others, you can take a look at the Fort Belvedere shop.