Parque Nacional de Hortobágy: La Puszta 🇭🇺 Hungría

If Hungary is to be mentioned in the world, surely the Orto Valley is also referred to. Its valuable view, rich flora and fauna, special ethnographic and culturally historical relics, make this region an irreplaceable value and a national treasure. The origin of the Grey Castle is still doubtful, but we can be sure that its present form was created in the Carpathian Basin. Scientists agree that the wild ancestor of these species was the Aurchos, primordial oxen. At the end of the 18th century, the army and agriculture desperately needed quality horses that the small breeders could not produce. Emperor Joseph II decided to establish a cement farm and gathered 550 Yeguas, Hungarian, German and Transylvanian horses, in Mesoegyes. The cementals they used were mainly Neapolitan Spaniards. They began breeding them in 1785. The ancestor of the Hungarian sheep of Raká was probably the wild sheep of southern Asia, which reached the Carpathian Basin with the conquest of the Hungarians in the 9th century. Its main characteristics were its long twisted horns with curly fur and its typical black-and-white color. The writings say that the shepherd preserves the nomadic lifestyle for the longest time. Two main groups of pastoral buildings can be distinguished in the Orto Valley. One concerns the buildings for herding and the other group refers to shepherding. The horse shows the rebirth of the traditions of old-time horse groups and includes the famous clean-handed horse-drawn carriage. At the end of the 19th century, these stables, cabins of shepherds made of mud or covered with mazorcas with straw or tile roofs, appeared in the coast. The most spacious farms are decorated with a portico. The water buffalo originates from the wild Indian buffalo or Arni buffalo, which lives in large numbers in the swamps of East Asia, even today. Its characteristic color is ash gray, almost black. This pig was raised by the Serbian and Hungarian type. This pig is not typically raised for its butter and not for its meat, which is very insipid. The shepherd's museum is located on the road to the Orto Valley. Its historic building used to be a 19th-century shopping mall. The exhibition shows the history of animal shepherding and the only pastoral. The decorated objects were mostly made of leather, wool and horn. Horns for drinking, salt pans and cases to store a bucket against the sarna were made of horn. The geometric figures and spider-like plants with the tip of a knife are reminiscent of decorations on conquering plates. This exhibition shows several shepherds doing their typical work, surrounded by special tools. Rustic buildings made of carrizo, which illustrate the life of the shepherds and their living conditions, can be seen in the room. The exhibition includes a collection of handmade items, such as embroidered blankets, wooden carvings and horn. Leatherwork made by the shepherds, cattle and sheep bells and traditional musical instruments, which are characteristic of the Orto Valley region. The shepherds of the Orto Valley formed a distinct part of the traditionalist community, which ethnographic literature calls the Order of the Shepherds. In the Orto Valley, the shepherds were the bearers of the rebirth of a particular culture, which was more archaic than that of the peasants. Two national parks have been established to preserve the only multifaceted natural and cultural values of the Hungarian post. The environmental objective of the Orto Valley National Park and the Kiskunság National Park is to protect the values of the land, water, flora and fauna, as well as the scene of the region. The most important conservative values of the fishing lakes are made up of Orto Valley birds. There are 380 species of birds observed so far in Hungary, with 325 species accepted in the Orto Valley. There are 266 species registered in the fishing lakes of the Orto Valley-Jalasto, with 68 species of breeding. One of the most important conservative types, for conservation reasons, are the colonies of royal herons. The importance of ponds for the creation of species is similar to that of migratory species. This is facilitated by the drainage of ponds. Large ponds can be fished only if there is a smaller and deeper part of the pond, called fish beds, where all the fish are forced to swim when the pond is drained. Thus, they can be captured by the nets. The muddy bottom of the pond, full of organic material, is revealed at the time of drainage, coinciding with the peak of autumn migration. These muddy plains, full of invertebrates, provide abundant food resources for a large number of migratory birds. The Tiza Lake was built in the flooded area of ​​the Tiza, by the dammed section of the river, between Kiskore and Tiza Balk. It is the second largest stagnant body of the Carpathian Basin, with an area of ​​127 square kilometers. The present shape of the Tiza Lake is the result of a long process that resulted in the formation of bodies of water that differ in appearance, hydrology and hydrobiology. The Ortovagi National Park preserves some of the most unique curiosities and treasures in Central Europe. There are more than 50 species of orchids, 800 species of protected plants and about 3,600 species of butterflies and fleas, found in 300 national protected sites and more than 100 locations. In the bird reserve, there are strictly protected areas that have a highly delicate wildlife life. These areas can only be visited with special permissions and are strictly reserved for research and inspection purposes. The Bridge of the Nine Arches is so well placed that Hortovagi cannot be imagined without it. The bridge, completed in 1833, is the longest and most beautiful stone bridge in Hungary. Its length is 167.3 meters. Its body measures 93.13 meters. By the end of the 18th century, these wells have been disseminated mainly by Hortovagi. There were long wells whose perimeter could measure up to 4 meters to allow several buckets to be used simultaneously. For the wells with two, three or five shots, the shepherds would sit on a board on the well to bring water for the animals. There were different types of buildings for shepherding, some primitive, for example, the cuneo, a conical cabin made of carrizo and used to store the shepherd's food. And a leather coat as a shelter during the long rains. The basalo, the well-known shepherd's kitchen, was also a simple building. It lacked a roof with carrizo walls to protect the fire from the wind. And it is where the shepherds cooked in an iron pot. The view of the Hortovagi National Park preserves intact and visible the evidence of its traditional use for more than two millennia and represents the harmonious interaction between human beings and nature. The cultural view of Hortovagi Pusta consists of a vast area of plains and wetlands in eastern Hungary. Traditional forms of the use of the soil, such as the shepherding of domestic animals, have been present in this pastoral society for more than two millennia.