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The question is, what happens if you add a video to the VK group? Of course, VK video! There, every day, something new and interesting appears, and also an exclusive that is nowhere to be found. And an excellent service for recreation and self-education. Correct! Download the app! 1943. The concentration camp. Prisoner number 119-104 is being taken to the barracks. Each of his steps is given pain in the frostbitten foot, which, it seems, begins to rot. He generally has minimal chances of survival. He is a Jew, his father died in his arms from starvation and pneumonia, his mother died in a gas chamber, and what happened to his wife is unknown. And at this very moment, when even the most desperate and persistent person seems to have given up immediately, in the prisoner of the concentration camp, he begins to represent in his head a pure and warm audience of the university. Students with burning eyes sit in it, and look forward to their professor. This professor, he is. Tight, in a perfect suit. With a quick step, he flies up to the tribune, and the student amphitheater explodes with applause. He raises his hand, and when the roar of the welcome voices gradually subsides, he announces the name of his lecture. Group psychotherapeutic methods in the concentration camp. Prisoner number 119-104 was called Viktor Frankl. He really became a world-famous psychiatrist, the creator of the logotherapy method for the treatment of words and meaning, a writer and teacher for many people. His book, Say Life, Yes, has been distributed in millions of copies all over the world. Frankl's reflections are always relevant, and his method of searching for the meaning of life still helps many people to cope even in the darkest times. Viktor Frankl was born in Vienna in 1905. The beginning of the 20th century became a difficult period for people of that time. A rapid economic and technological growth, on the one hand, and, on the other, a crisis of meanings and traditions that were categorically unsuitable for the new era. Humanity was eagerly looking for new, unifying ideas. If religious affiliation used to play an important role in society, now it was rapidly moving to the second and even third plan. People began to think about their national identity and superiority over other nations, or to be interested in socialist ideas of equality, brotherhood and justice. There is always a sharp lack of them in the world. In general, European society was boiling, and, in the end, the general tension poured into the aggression of the First World War. The senselessness and cruelty of these military actions shook the foundations even more. It became finally clear that there was nothing else to rely on. Viktor Frankl grew up in this unstable and shaky atmosphere. While still studying at the gymnasium, he began to be interested in psychoanalysis. In a sense, it was a fashionable trend of all the Viennese youth. A kind of lavender raff on soy milk. And this is not surprising. After all, it was in this city that the idol of the generation, the great and terrible Sigmund Freud, lived. But, unlike many of his peers, young Frankl actually read his works by heart. And, oh, this is the self-confidence of youth, even decides to write to his idol to share his thoughts on his theory. Surprisingly, Freud not only responded to the self-confident young man, but also entered into an active correspondence with him. However, Frankl's passion for psychoanalysis did not last long. The categorical nature of Freud's concept gradually began to push him away. After all, he has been looking for the meaning of life since childhood. Freud looked at this absolutely unambiguously. At the moment when a person begins to think about the meaning and value of life, you can start to consider him sick. And he continues. Since there is neither objective nor objective, you can only rely on the fact that a person has a reserve of unsatisfied libido. This is a kind of delusion that leads to sadness and depression. With all due respect to the genius and recognition of his authority as the basis for any psychiatrist, Viktor Frankl was ready to fight and argue to the point of anger that such simplification of people to biological processes is unthinkable. That a person is something more than a set of organs and chemical reactions. After all, each of us has our own unique meaning of life. No one but us can reveal it or say exactly what it is, but this meaning is there. We just need to find it. Imagine how pleasant it is to be away from the hustle and bustle of the city, somewhere in the mountains, after a busy working day. You think it's impossible, but it's easier than it seems. You don't even have to leave your own apartment. After all, we are talking about a bedroom with a new collection of Sten furniture. This collection was created by the Russian furniture brand Riten and by a young designer, a graduate of the Stroganoff University. When it was created, the author was inspired by nature itself. It has only smooth lines, soft tones and high-quality materials. It is pleasant to touch and easy to care for. All items in the collection, such as a bed, blankets and bedside tables, repeat the silhouettes of mountain stones and perfectly combine with each other. What is important, they easily fit into any interior. You can get acquainted with the collection in detail in one of the Riten salons in your city or on the Riten.ru website. And you can get a discount on the offer by following the link in the description. In the 1920s, a wave of suicides among teenagers swept through Vienna. The statistics were terrifying, although the reasons were obvious. An extremely unstable time, the consequences of the war, a difficult economic situation and uncertainty of the future. Everything is clear, but what can be done here? The solution was found by a very young Viktor Frankl. He was just over 20 years old. However, he managed to organize something like a psychological support center for young people in Vienna. And thanks to this experience, his method of searching for a real, deep meaning of life began to take shape. And this method worked. The numbers of sad statistics in Vienna began to decline steadily. A similar psychological support center, but already in a concentration camp. It will work underground when in 1942 Viktor Frankl gets there with his whole family. And in his book, which he will publish after the war, he will write down the most important conclusion. The first to break were those who believed that everything would end soon. Then those who did not believe that it would ever end. Those who focused on their business survived without expecting what else could happen. Until 1937, Frankl worked in a clinic, expanding and deepening his method of logotherapy, treating with meaning and word. But after the infamous Anschluss in Austria, when the Nazis entered Vienna, his life, like the lives of thousands of other Jews, changes all at once. From now on, he could not work anywhere except in the only ghetto of the Jewish clinic Rothschild. But even in these difficult circumstances, full of restrictions and fear, he invariably found meaning and remained a real person. Frankl helped many patients avoid euthanasia. After all, the Nazis sought to create a healthy and pure society, for which they wanted to clear the society of sick people. Mentally unhealthy patients would be expected to die. But Viktor Frankl, at his own risk, gave these people softer diagnoses and arranged them in nursing homes. And again he tried to help people find meaning. Even in this absolutely desperate situation. He said that a person can take away everything. Except one thing. The last freedom of a person is to choose one's own attitude to any circumstances. To choose one's own path. Clouds were thickening every day. And here Frankl, as a well-known specialist, got a visa to the United States. Only for him. And he faced a difficult ethical choice. To stay with the parents who live with him in Vienna. Or to leave. The choice between life and death. Literally. Staying in the ghetto is practically a guaranteed deportation, and then frightening unknownness. In difficult moments, many of us are looking for a sign that would suggest the most correct decision. This is what Viktor Frankl was looking for. And one evening, returning home after a long working day, he saw his father holding a piece of marble in his hands. It was a shard of a board with ten commandments from a local synagogue, which was destroyed by the Nazis. The father carefully walked his fingers along the uneven edge of the marble, looking at the symbols that could still be read on it. And then he told Viktor that he could absolutely say which commandment was written on this piece of stone that he brought home. I worship your father and your mother, may your days on earth last, which God your God gives you. Well, this was the sign that Viktor Frankl was waiting for. Soon, in the Rothschild Clinic, he met his wife, Tilly. She worked there as a nurse. Their marriage was the last to be registered in Vienna. The next day, the Jews were officially banned from marrying. In 1942, the entire Frankl family was deported to the exemplary concentration camp Theresienstadt, where the Nazis brought foreigners to show how friendly and fun the Jews lived. But as soon as the doors behind the visitors were closed, this place turned into hell again. Except for the gas chambers. But soon the Frankl family would get to know them. During the war, the brother, wife, mother and father of Viktor Frankl would all die in concentration camps. He himself would go through four camps, including the nightmarish Auschwitz, better known as Auschwitz in Polish. It was time to test all his ideas. Would he be able to save himself through his own method of searching for meaning? The day before he was sent to the camp, Viktor began to collect his years of observation of patients in his book, The Treatment of the Soul. Frankl thought that if something happened to him, the life he had lived would make sense if his thoughts and ideas would remain after him and would be of benefit to people. Frankl had already sewn an almost finished copy of the book into the lining of his coat, and he managed to keep it for a long time. And yet, one day the manuscript was burned in one of the Auschwitz kilns. Frankl did not despair, on the contrary, he found a new meaning for himself – to endure suffering. He decided that no matter what the book became, it should see the light, and began to reassemble it again. Since then, his head has been constantly occupied with the formulations of thoughts that are absolutely necessary for humanity. At that moment, he had a desire to live. Viktor Frankl called such a purposefulness the stubbornness of the spirit, and was sure that such stubbornness is born only from the invented meaning, and that every person has a strong potential, when, contrary to everything, in us, seemingly from nowhere, there are forces to live and create. He wrote, The motto of all psychotherapeutic efforts can be the thought, perhaps the most pronounced in Nietzsche's words, who has a why, he will endure almost any how. And he confirmed this conviction more than once with his own life, with a miraculously preserved life. Or was it a kind of pattern? Several times Frankl found himself on the verge of death. At the entrance to Auschwitz, Dr. Mengele distributed the prisoners in two rows, those who would live, and those who would go to the gas chamber right now. Viktor was assigned to the death row, but when he saw that his acquaintance was in the other row, he ran to them behind Mengele's back. At that moment, he did not even realize what a happy queue it was. The next time Frankl was on the list to be sent to the gas chamber, but one of the doctors who needed an assistant pulled him out. But there is one bright case that particularly struck me. In the very first camp, Theresienstadt, there were no gas chambers so as not to frighten foreign guests. The prisoners were sent to the death of other camps. For this purpose, the death row was set up every morning. One day, Frankl was announced that it was his turn to die. He had only one night left, and tomorrow he would no longer die. For some of the prisoners, the wait for this death row was so unbearable that they rushed to the gas chamber under the current. It would have been easier to commit suicide here now, not remaining in the horror of waiting for the inevitable end. Frankl said that in those moments he suddenly realized that perhaps he had done everything he could in his life. But he also understood that nothing is ever predetermined, and there is always a place for a chance or a miracle. You can't lose hope. He felt so even in this absolutely desperate moment of his life. The death row did not come. This was the only case in the entire history of the camp. It just did not come, and that was it. You know, after the war, Frankl was often called an idealist. And I think that these people simply underestimated how many times during these two years and seven months he encountered a miracle that saved his life. After his release, Frankl returned to Vienna absolutely alone. His entire family, except for his younger sister, who managed to emigrate, died. This was the end of their peaceful life on the verge of the deepest black depression. And Viktor Frankl sat down to finish his book, which he started back in the camp. He fearlessly went to meet the most terrible memory and lived through all the horrors of the concentration camp again to gain meaning and help others realize it. After inhuman torture, bullying and suffering, they were filled only with anger and hatred. Frankl wrote about the impossibility of rebuilding life on this negative basis. The meaning is always in creation, not in destruction, although it was possible to understand the cruelty of people. There was one more tendency that alarmed him. The thoughts of many of the victims concentrated exclusively on revenge for all the Germans, but Viktor Frankl did not agree with this message and gave the example of one SS man who bought medicine for the Jews in the camp for his money. After the liberation of the camp by the Americans, the Jews hid this man until they received a guarantee of his safety. So what is a person? Frankl wrote. It is a creature that always decides who it is. It is a creature that invented the cameras proudly, with a prayer on its lips. Who will you become? It is always only your decision. This is what our freedom consists of. Frankl said. There are only two races of people in the world. Only two. Orderly people and disorderly people. The book that Viktor Frankl wrote in one breath after the war and which is now widely known as Tell Life Yes Frankl published it in a small edition and did not even mention the authorship. But one of the most authoritative American psychologists, Gordon Allport, after reading it, came to such a delight that he helped to publish the book in the United States and even wrote a preface to it. Later, it was he who would invite Viktor Frankl to Harvard for his lectures. And a tight-fitting lecturer in an elegant suit will run to the tribune, and the student amphitheater will be filled with everything that the convict No. 119-104 dreamed of. And the creation of a book in English will be the beginning of world fame for Viktor Frankl himself. Soon after the end of the war, Frankl headed the Vienna Neurological Clinic and later became a professor of neurology and psychiatry at the University of Vienna. He also gained family happiness. His second marriage was long and happy, and his daughter, Gabrielle, became an excellent child psychologist. Viktor Frankl lived a long life and left this world on September 2, 1997, at the age of 92. The terrible Second World War seemed to everyone such a distant past that the experience of a psychologist who managed to motivate so many people in a concentration camp ceased to be so valuable. Psychotherapy was looking for new, more effective and bright methods to help patients. Well, perhaps the ideas of Frankl can be called old-fashioned, at least because they do not take into account the infantile demand of the consumer society. According to Viktor Frankl, a person has completely different attitudes to life. The whole difficulty is that the question about the meaning of life should be put differently. It is necessary to learn for ourselves not to ask about the meaning of life, but what it expects from us. Speaking philosophically, we should not ask about the meaning of life, but understand that this question is addressed to us every day and every hour. Life asks questions, and we should answer them not by talking or thinking, but by actions, correct behavior. After all, to live, in the end, means to bear responsibility We can, of course, get away from this idea and say that it no longer suits us. But still, it is worth remembering that it was this concept that had practical confirmation and helped hundreds of people to survive in the most extreme situation.