Inilah Alasan Sebenarnya NASA Tiba-tiba Ingin Mendarat Lagi di Bulan?

Greetings, see you again on channel Mata Ketiga. On November 16 last year, NASA launched the Orion Artemis 1 spacecraft to the moon orbit. This Artemis 1 mission is a trial stage to bring humans back to the moon after 50 years of absence. Orion without the Artemis 1 successfully left the moon orbit and returned after successfully orbiting the moon. Orion looks very similar to Apollo spacecraft, but 2.5 times larger than Apollo. It can accommodate more items and aircraft crews. The Apollo spacecraft, previously only able to accommodate up to 3 crews, now can accommodate 6 people and more cargo. However, Orion, which was sent to the moon orbit this time without a capacity, is only a test to see if it can land on the moon. Orion was launched on the rocket Spice Launch System SLS on November 16, 2022, starting the long-awaited NASA Artemis 1 mission. Many people may not know that the rocket is actually the top part, only this small triangle is the outer space aircraft. The other part is the propulsion system. To make the rocket fly, it requires a combination of the knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and technology. The only basic concept of rocket science is the use of propulsion from the main engine at the bottom. The main engine will push the rocket to launch. This basic concept is no joke, various physical theories are applied such as Newton's third law of motion. With this theory, it is able to create the power of an explosion to lift the rocket. When the explosion pushes the rocket away, it creates the same force in the opposite direction and pushes the aircraft away from the explosion. This is why rockets can continue to fly after leaving the ground. Interestingly, when the engine ignites and emits fire, the concept is not a rocket that pushes to the ground when launched, but rather it is pushed up by an explosion that is controlled by the engine. To create artificial propulsion, rocket scientists designed a rocket engine with a chemical propulsion system. The rocket can use solid or liquid fuel or even a combination of the two. For example, the latest NASA Space Launch System rocket uses an aluminum powder solid fuel for the first stage propulsion engine with perchlorate ammonium as an oxidizer. Meanwhile, the main engine uses hydrogen, liquid, and oxygen. The most important of all is how the fuel moves from the storage tank to the combustion chamber where the chemical reaction creates the explosion that creates the propulsion force. The chemical science factor is a big part of the way rockets work. Unlike the simplified Storn V, the new rocket contains a pair of dust absorbers that are reconfigured from NASA's recycled aircraft. The booster will be separated after two minutes, like the shuttle booster, but will not be captured from the Atlantic Ocean to be reused. Two hours after the launch, the upper stage will send the Orion capsule to the Moon. On the Artemis 1 mission, the Orion capsule arrived in the Moon's orbit on November 25, six days later. The capsule returned to Earth and finally landed on the Pacific Ocean on Sunday, December 11 at the same time. The earthquake in the Earth's atmosphere slowed the speed of the capsule's fall from 39,400 km per hour to 523 km per hour, then down to 32 km per hour. I don't think any of us imagined this mission would be a success. We now have the foundation for a partial outer space transportation system, said Artemis 1 mission manager Mike Sarafin. Quoted from the New York Times, NASA will continue to Artemis 2 mission in 2024. On that mission, NASA will include four astronauts, three from NASA and one from Canada. The trajectory of Artemis 2 is quite simple. After the launch, the second stage of the SLS rocket will send Orion to an elliptical orbit at an altitude of around 28,968 from Earth, which allows the astronauts to see how the Orion system works. Then Orion will go straight to the Moon. For Artemis 2, the Orion capsule will not enter orbit around. The Moon will use its gravity to return to Earth and land on the Pacific Ocean. This mission will take a total of 10 days. To save time, NASA will also use several spare members of the Artemis 1 mission. The flight of Artemis 1 is the first of three missions to test the hardware, software, and ground system intended for one day later to build a base on the Moon and take the first human to Mars. Further, NASA will also start preparing Artemis 2. The mission scheduled for 2024 will bring astronauts to fly with the Orion aircraft. Then at the beginning of 2025 or 2026, NASA hopes to land on the Moon since the end of the Apollo program in 1972. Through the Artemis mission, NASA plans to land the first women and skin-colored people on the surface of the Moon, pave the way for the existence of the Moon for the long term, as well as a jumping rock for the journey to Mars. The Mirawak Orion interstellar aircraft in Artemis 1 has reached the orbit of the Moon. There are no humans, but there are astronauts involved in this mission. This is a test mannequin placed in the main room, precisely in the seat of the main pilot. Therefore, he is nicknamed Commander. The full name is Commander Monekin Kempos. It is called Monekin. It is a teleportation from a mannequin that will go to the orbit of the Moon. This mannequin is a copy of the human body of a man for the parameters of a test tool like humans when they go to the Moon because the next Artemis mission will include human astronauts. Kempos wears a special astronaut suit Orion Crew Survival System, equipped with two radiation sensors and additional sensors on the head and back of the chair to record acceleration and vibration data in this mission. The data from Monekin Kempos will be used to protect human astronauts in Artemis 2, which will be sent to the Moon. On this mission, Orion brings astronauts in the form of three mannequins or human-like dolls tied inside. One of the mannequins is named Commander Monekin Kempos and wears a real astronaut uniform. That uniform will be used by the astronauts for the next mission. In addition to Kempos, there are mannequins Helga and Zohar, which are equipped with radiation detection devices. NASA wants to see the radiation impact that astronauts can feel during their trip to the Moon. NASA equips Zohar with a radiation shield while Helga does not. On the Artemis 1 mission, NASA does not include astronauts because this is a test mission. This is the first time that the SLS rocket and Orion aircraft were used for a trip to the Moon. NASA also sent Snoopy dolls equipped with the Zero-G Indicator feature. The dolls are used as an indicator of whether the space vehicle has achieved weight in the microgravity ecosystem. Snoopy himself is a figure that has always been associated with NASA. Snoopy dolls first flew into space in 1990 on the Space Shuttle Columbia STS-32 mission. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said, the landing of the Orion spacecraft, which took place 50 years after the landing of Apollo 17 on the Moon, was the pinnacle of the achievement of Artemis 1. From the strongest rocket launch in the world to the extraordinary journey around the Moon and back to Earth, this flight test is a major step forward in the exploration of the Artemis generation Moon. Nelson said, humans landed on the Moon for the first time on July 20, 1969. At that time, the Apollo 11 spacecraft landed on the Moon. Captain Armstrong, who was 39 years old at the time, was the first person to leave the Moon module and set foot on the Moon. Being the first human to set foot on the Moon, this moment is also the most important moment in the history of modern humans. Meanwhile, maybe some people don't remember the second person who set foot on the Moon, Buzz Aldrin. The name Buzz Lightyear was inspired by Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin Buzz Aldrin, who accompanied the first human on Earth, Neil Armstrong, who landed on the Moon. The name Lightyear itself is taken from one of the roles in the film Toy Story, Buzz Lightyear or known as Buzz. Although Buzz Aldrin was not the first person to land on the Moon, he was the first person to return to Earth from the Moon because he was the first person to land on the Moon when Apollo 11 returned to Earth. He left the module earlier than Armstrong, so he was the first human to return to Earth from the Moon. This title is very important, at least very important to him. He even debated with Armstrong about who was actually the first human to land on the Moon. He claimed himself that he was the first human to land on the Moon. During the live broadcast, it did look like Armstrong was the first human to land on the Moon, but Buzz said that he was the first human, only the two of them knew who actually landed first. Humans have landed on the Moon six times, each from Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17. Only Apollo 13 failed. At that time, Apollo 13 had reached around the Moon, but suddenly there was a technical problem. So, in sequence, as many as 12 people had landed on the Moon, all of whom were Americans. Since then, many countries have also developed their own landing technology. Not a few countries have launched their spacecraft to the Moon without a launch pad. So, why aren't they landing on the Moon now? For half a century, many people have been questioning this question. As a result, a lot of speculation and theories emerged. For example, there are those who suspect that landing on the Moon is a hoax. This speculation is not something that has recently emerged, but since 1974, or two years after the last human to land on the Moon, there are people who question the authenticity of landing on the Moon. It is said that the landing on the Moon is a blockbuster film that was a hit in Hollywood at that time. Of course, this doubt has been around for a long time, namely the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Since the beginning, the Soviet Union has been the leader in space. But I don't know why the United States suddenly landed on the Moon. Namely, after the Soviet Union had been flying in outer space for a few moments, the United States immediately landed on the Moon. In addition, no country has landed on the Moon since then until now. So the theory of a fake landing on the Moon is getting more and more reasonable. However, as is generally known, there are many satellites around the Moon that have taken many photos that seem to show that there are some traces left by Apollo, a number of spacecraft and former orbits left by the Moon's explorers. All of this seems to show that the landing on the Moon at that time may indeed exist, but no longer traces are left on the Moon. The Moon explorers sent by other countries were also sent to other regions and did not find any traces in their original place. In addition, they also did not see if there were any footprints there. So the traces between the orbits and the footprints can be seen from afar. If the landing on the Moon is indeed real, then why not go there again? According to NASA's explanation, the reason not to go to the Moon again was because the cost was too high. At that time, the Apollo project spent a total of $120 billion, or equivalent to $1 trillion now. The annual fiscal income of the United States in 2020 was less than $5 trillion, while the annual fiscal output reached $6.3 trillion. This means that the annual deficit could not have spent another $1 trillion on the Moon. However, NASA also admitted that thanks to technological innovation, the cost of landing on the Moon has now significantly decreased. According to NASA's calculations in 2005, the cost of landing on the Moon was around $100 billion. This means that the amount of budget spent on landing on the Moon now is the same as the amount of budget spent on landing on the Moon at that time. But considering the inflation, the cost was around $0.6 of the cost at that time. So going to the Moon is actually not that expensive. The US government should also be able to afford the cost. So, why didn't the US spend more money on the Moon? This led to another theory, which is that there may be no resources needed by humans on the Moon. In fact, this Artemis program seems to reveal the real reason why the United States did not land on the Moon again for the last 50 years. Not because of lack of funds, not because there are no resources needed by humans, nor because of the lack of landings on the Moon or never going there. The reason is actually not to go to the Moon again because there are no rivals anymore. So, what was the purpose of the US landing on the Moon at that time? There was only one purpose, which was to overthrow the Soviet Union and show the US flag to the world. As a result, the Soviet Union was also overthrown when it landed on the Moon. Of course, not only the Soviet Union, all countries in the world would also give up. Why did the world's people hesitate when they saw the US landing on the Moon? Here is a brief explanation. The landing technology on the Moon is rocket technology, while rocket technology is missile technology. The most powerful weapon in modern human warfare is a missile. Because of the nuclear explosion, it can be installed on a missile. If it can control the rocket accurately, it can accurately control the missile. Of course, in addition to missiles, military-style space technology also includes satellite technology. Satellite technology includes communication and GPS, mobile phones, cars, airplanes, drones, even missiles and missile defense systems today, all use satellite and GPS communication. Therefore, the power of space technology represents the strength of the country's military. The country with the strongest space technology is equal to the world's hegemony. So, the US conquered the world when it landed on the Moon for the first time. With the proof of the landing on the Moon, the US no longer had to show other things to the world and no longer had to show a landing on the Moon because it had landed there six times. And the fact is like that. After 50 years, there is no second country to land on the Moon. It means that there is no country in the world that surpasses the US. So this can explain why the US is now planning to go to the Moon again. Because today, 50 years later, the US has another strong opponent and the opponent that can shake its position as the world's hegemony is China. So, what exactly did China do to make the US suddenly feel worried? Next, let's take a look at the history of the development of Chinese space technology. Many of you may still remember that in 2003, the first Chinese Lewei Taikonaut went into space with the Shenzhou-5 spacecraft. Two years later, in 2005, Shenzhou-6 went into space with two spacecraft for five days. In 2007, the Chang'e-1 mission in China was launched to complete the first mission around the Moon. This is similar to the mission that Artemis-1 is doing now. In 2008, the Chinese Taikonaut Cai Qikang did the first moonwalk in China in the Moon. In 2010, Chang'e-2 was launched and managed to do a moonwalk far across the Moon. In 2011, China launched its first space station, Tiankong-1, and completed docking with Shenzhou-8. In 2013, Chang'e-3 managed to land on the Moon. This is the first Taikonaut that landed on the Moon after 1976. In 2018, the Chiao-4 satellite entered the Hallow orbit around the point of the Lagrangian L2. The spacecraft went there to carry out communications behind the Moon. In other words, if the spacecraft went to the Moon, it would not be able to communicate with the Earth's control center. So China sent the Chiao-4 satellite behind the point of the Lagrangian L2. Thus, the point of return communication could be implemented. In 2019, Chang'e-4 landed on the far side of the Moon. This is the first spacecraft in human history to land smoothly on the far side of the Moon. Even the United States does not have a spacecraft system like this. In 2020, Chang'e-5 landed on the front side of the Moon and brought 2 kg of chili back to the Earth. With the rapid development of technology, it will definitely make the United States worried. Of course, it must be admitted that there is still a gap both in terms of technology, experience, and maturity considering that the United States landed on the Moon 50 years ago. Now, the United States is surprised. How come a god-like country suddenly appeared on this Earth? The technology that emerged from this country is like alien technology that came to attack them. Seeing such a fact, the United States is also surprised. I don't know how China is able to create it. Therefore, the United States must support or even oppose China in the same way as it was applied to the Soviet Union during the Cold War which ended in the collapse of the Soviet Union. So, going to the Moon is just part of the Artemis program. This is the first step. The second step is to build a lunar base at the landing site for the development of the Moon. Actually, it is an enclosure which is a term used in terms of land ownership in reference to the confiscation of land that surrounds it. The Moon is said to be owned by man or whoever went there first and inhabited it. It is the owner. Because of that, the United States has laid the foundation of its ownership there. The third step is to land on Mars. Then, land on Mars. This means that the United States will completely turn Mars into the second Earth. So far, that is the entirety of the Artemis program which covers a series of plans including landing and development on the Moon as well as landing on the planet Mars. Do you know why it is called the Artemis project? At that time, the Apollo project shocked the whole world and caused the collapse of the Soviet Union. Who is Artemis? She is the twin sister of Apollo, the daughter of the king of the gods, Zeus in Greek mythology and is the god of protection of the Moon. In other words, the United States wants to protect the Moon so that other countries do not have to fight with it. Thank you for your attention.