สารคดี สำรวจโลก ตอน ภูเขาไฟใต้ทะเล | Next Step

This is the story of a young man in Astoria, Oregon. R.V. Atlantis, the world's most modern research vessel, is sailing to the ocean, far from the Pacific 200 miles away. Working with the National Museum of History and the University of Washington, R.V. Atlantis and the National Museum of History and the University of Washington embark on a challenging research mission 1.5 miles deep in the ocean. The mission is to explore the wonders of the deep-sea volcano. The volcano was discovered 20 years ago by a large group of animals. The discovery of the new world inspired the scientists to build the volcano. I joked about this program being a stupid program. I used to say it was a foolish commitment. It's not true. We have to find out how the volcano can absorb life in the world. It's an old process. It may be the origin of life. It may be the source of life from another world. It's a potential cycle. That's why we have this program. It's a useful program. It's a program that will be of great benefit if we devote ourselves to it for all those reasons. It's not a stupid program. It's just a stupid program. Turn right. The deep-sea mission is a challenging adventure. Here it is. The team has to make a precise plan for the deep-sea volcano. The ship, Jason, will be the electronic guide for them. Jason will follow the ship. It's a metal light cable. It's connected to the ship. When the cable turns, the ship will stop. The GPS computer will control the ship's rudder. The ship is a few meters away from the target. Call the control unit. Wait a minute. I'll turn on the switch. Automatic operation. The research center is located in a remote room with engineers and scientists. How high are we from the ground? Five meters. The mission is to control Jason's work. He flies on the sea floor and moves to the volcano. Everyone is excited about the hidden volcano. It's a fish. Yes, it's a fish. I found it. The light from Jason is only 30 feet away in the dark room. They control the ship to the smoke coming from the sea floor. The smoke is caused by small particles in the hot liquid. The current is very strong. They want to get closer. But the smoke is as hot as 700 degrees Fahrenheit. It's so hot that it can melt a jar. Look at this side. It's very bright. Some of the lights are as high as 15-story buildings. Even though the sunlight can't reach them, there are many living things. As a marine scientist, I think it's part of the mystery of this environment. When you go deep into the dark, you won't find anything. But suddenly, you see something beautiful. For the past 10 years, the scientist Veronique Robigaud has been trying to find how volcanoes can form and why there are so many living things. The formation of volcanoes is caused by lava rocks under the sea floor. It causes the water to flow through the cracks to have a high temperature. The hot liquid causes the molten metal, such as iron, red gold, and zinc, to float up from under the Earth's surface. When the hot liquid collides with the almost solid sea water, the metal separates from the molten sand and forms a wall of volcanoes. The hot liquid that produces these volcanoes is very necessary for the living things here. They are living things. These rocks are full of living things. We can't get to them just by collecting the skin samples. The only way to understand the life forms that are related to the formation of lava and the formation of the minerals in the rocks is to bring all the volcanoes back. We've been dreaming of doing this for many years. Scientists choose their own ways to study living things. The kind of study that we do with the samples we can't do with the sea floor. We have to look inside. This is just a circle of life. We can't just observe in order to understand it. We have to pay attention to it. We have to follow it. But in order to bring the volcanoes back, scientists have to know what they are fighting against. Two-dimensional video is not enough. At night, the team uses the latest technology. They will create a three-dimensional map of this structure. To create a detailed map, Jason's vehicle has to fly like a hummingbird and move around the volcano. In every new position, Jason will take a picture. The computer will convert it into a three-dimensional image. Jason's position is very important. He has to use a signal or an autonomous radar to send a signal to the vehicle. The radar is sent to the sea floor in a special way. It's 4 a.m. but the ship has never slept. It works all day and all night. Bingo. Okay, we're there. With a new navigation system, they don't have to use the J-3 navigation system. Pat, are you in the autonomous mode? Do I need to be in the autonomous mode? Yes. Okay. Now, the computer controls the vehicle. Jason uses a sonar and a radio with stereo, video and digital images. To get a three-dimensional image, the vehicle and scientists have to work all night. The next week, with tens of thousands of digital images, the earth and the ocean are connected. No one has ever seen such a vast and dark land before. From all the images, the volcano will be studied in detail. On the sky, the computer moves through millions of sonar data points to create a three-dimensional image. Even the first image is only liked by computer scientists. When we stop scanning, we have to make it look like something so that people will believe us. Look at this. It's great. It's awesome. This is the most detailed map of the volcano. It takes almost two weeks to take a picture and many hours to calculate the data. From the three-dimensional sea map, the team will be able to plan the trajectory of the volcano. It helps to plan for a part of the ocean. The point where they plan in the north of the Pacific, Jundafuka Ridge, is part of the world's longest meteorological path. The undersea volcano, which is more than 46,000 miles deep, is known as the middle of the ocean. It spreads around the world like a baseball bat and indicates the position of the major volcanoes separating from each other. Throughout the wide range, the eruption of the volcano creates a new ocean floor and the hot rock deep under the sea produces hot black smoke that comes out of the chamber and covers the volcano. But the heat in this ocean floor was only partially explored. Today, undersea technology helps us get to it. When there is a plan to cover the volcano, the scientists in the ship come together to figure out how life grows in the world of volcanoes. Bridge, Phantail, we're ready to go when you give the word. They travel to the depth of the ship called Alvin. We're ready to dive. At sea level, every foot of the Titanic can withstand more than 700 tons of pressure. For the biologist Chuck Fischer and Captain Pat Hickey, diving for more than an hour is very exciting. Diving in a place where no one has ever been before is a very, very exciting feeling that you can experience all the time. From Alvin's light channel, the blue sea water turns black and turns purple. The blue sea water turns black and turns purple. Atlantis, Alvin, 2,200 meters from the bottom. When we get onto the ocean floor, which is where I study, it is a very strange environment. The plates that they come from are spreading apart. The hot water is forming the ocean bottom at 350 degrees centigrade and the geothermal radiation is astounding. The geothermal radiation is astounding. It is more like what you would find in other worlds than what you would find here. The new world is full of astonishment. Passed over a giant spider, you see? The deep sea floor is dry like a sandy beach, but as the heat increases, the number of animals increases. When you look out of the window, you see a giant fish looking back at you. It's amazing. How can life be in the darkness and the extreme cold? Once upon a time, scientists believed that all animals on the ocean floor inhabited the food that flowed down from the water. But it was not enough to describe the perfection around the heat, which is amazing. Chuck Fischer was a huge fan of turtles. These animals were outstanding when they were discovered for the first time. Scientists couldn't imagine how they ate because they didn't have mouths or stomachs, but they grew up on the separate layers of the ocean floor everywhere. They have hydrogen sulfide, a weight of 2,570 kg, and S&M. Chuck and Pat went to a volcano called Smoke Amurer. It's like smoke and water. It's made up of turtle eggs. All right, Arvind. Hold it gently. It took a lot of effort to dig a hole through the shell. Very good. That's what we need. Let's go. They were in a circle 6 feet in diameter. Oh, oh. That was a good dive. All right, Arvind. Are you ready to dive? Not well. Pat woke up early to help them on the ocean floor to dive. We're going up. The ocean floor is full of water. It's dangerous to dive in the ocean floor. Even diving into the water can be dangerous. Oh, yes. Chuck got out of the diving boat. His students were taking care of the turtle eggs. Thank you. They took it to survive under the surface. Oh, it's a dangerous animal. But the main reason it survived under the surface was because it had the best food with only one cell, bacteria. These turtle eggs produced food floating around the volcano. Turtles may not be seen with the naked eye, but when they are in groups of thousands of millions, they look like a giant butterfly on the ocean floor. We never thought that the chemical engineering of the turtles was the basis of the main food chain. We still believe in the engineering of the turtles. It's a strange thing because no one can predict it. It's still exciting even today that many animals with small size and dense DNA are so small. What is bigger in this world grows from the bacteria in the body or from other animals. They depend on only one cell and the bad stuff from the volcano. This is the energy for living things not from the sun but from the heat under the surface. As a biologist, I have no doubt that meteorology is the driving force for geophysics. The best study of the connection between geophysics and meteorology is the discovery of volcanoes not only today but also 4 billion years ago. The theme of living things may be the most important question after the discovery of volcanoes is the idea of small living things that are very old and could be very much like the first civilization in the world. When life entered the world 4 billion years ago, there were many volcanoes. It may give the energy for life. There is evidence that the surface of the first world was destroyed by volcanoes and small stars under the deep sea. Although the animals may be new, the theory of chemistry of volcanoes hasn't changed much since 4 billion years ago. Scientists found that the interaction of high pressure and heat may cause ammonia which is the main source of life. I think we will find living things like volcanoes which are still the living things of the first civilization in the world. In a sense, it is a hunt for fossils of volcanoes and find the resources that may be similar to the environment The kind of study that we need to do in order to create a large-scale sunfire is to reach back and understand the physics and chemistry that may tell us about the environment of the first civilization in the world. After making a plan to destroy volcanoes, the team has to prepare for a very challenging and mysterious adventure. On the island of Vancouver, the mission to destroy volcanoes is in full swing. Okay, Bob, please give me the air pressure. Scientists are trying to deal with the difficult problem of separating volcanoes from the sea floor. Today, they are testing the underwater blood of Stanley who has tooth decay. Now, you can cut anywhere from this point up. Okay. These structures of volcanoes have the water going through it all the time. And we're not sure what's going to happen. It's probably going to put the water out and make the water go back to the sea floor. It's a very worrisome thing. Worse than that, the blades may be stuck and the volcano may collapse. A lot of times, it's a problem that you don't expect until you start doing it. And before it's taken to the sky, it's taken to the sea floor. But that's the way of the sea. And we never give up until we come back to the sea floor. This certainly must be one of the most challenging explorations that we've ever done. And there's a lot of risk involved. But that's part of the fun because you never know if you're going to get what you set out for. In the evening, the crew pass through Phuket South to the North Pacific. It's been almost a year since the last time the crew explored the bottom of Phuket. Meanwhile, the sea floor may have changed a lot. The Ropros vehicle is the first to dive. They don't know what they're going to encounter 1.5 miles below. Okay, we're out. We'll be down in a little while. Okay, right here. I bet this is a small pool. As they head to the center of Phuket, they look at the familiar Okay, I think we've seen Forty Tower. There should be a marker. That means if we turn to the right and go to the west, we should see Twin Peaks. Yeah, this is the marker. It's right over there. There's a marker. Keep going, you'll get to Twin Peaks. They leave the vehicle to return to the mountains. The map shows the characteristics of the target. The team is not sure if the target is still there. Pete, look here. Can you see it? The submarine world is constantly changing. They never forget the lesson they learned two years ago that the target is Godzilla. The first time it was discovered, the target was over 140 feet like the height of the sea. But when the astronomer Veronique Robigaud went back again, she was shocked. When we arrived at Godzilla, it just didn't look like Godzilla anymore. It was magnificent, it looked like a giant mushroom. It didn't look like a mushroom anymore. It turned into a tree. So I knew something terrible was going to happen in that area. I didn't want it to be the destroyed Godzilla. Then it became exciting because I was like, what happened? How can we explain this? The answer is the earthquake. Godzilla collapsed because of the earthquake that happened many times along the mountain range at Kukrun. But after that, the giant mushroom erupted again. One year after Godzilla collapsed, if Godzilla grew up and collapsed like this, what would happen to the power lines? At least, the construction was still in place because it might be too complicated. We're going to put a metal plate on both constructions. It will be fang and fin. Rotate that way. The metal plate will be the size of the mountain. What should we do next? We have to use a force to force it to work. Installing the frame is the same as hoisting in a pole. It's one mile deep. If we miss, it might destroy the mountain. It didn't change at all. That's it. We think it's as far as we can go. Are you happy with that, Lee? I'm so happy. Installing the fang in the first step made the team feel relieved. I think it's okay. The other goals look good, too. The black hole named Fin is bigger than the name Gwennane. It's surrounded by many animals. The fourth volcano named Roanne is named after the sea spirit Celtic. In the morning, a new ship has arrived. John P. Tully, a ship from Canada. The boat and the large submersible system will be removed from the sea. It's hard to travel from Vancouver. But it's even harder to transport people and tools from one ship to another. The strong sea wind is the most dangerous danger of this mission. Now the wind speed is 30 knots. Although the worm miller will make the ship safe, the storm may damage the detailed work plan. First, they will wrap the fuel tank with a metal cage. The cage is attached to a cable so that it can be connected to the ship. Then, the ship will move the fuel tank until it breaks off. Finally, the cable will be floated to the surface to pull the cage up from the sea floor. But many things may go wrong. The cage is more than 8,000 feet long. Small cracks may cause the ship to sink. Plastic straps will separate each cable when it is pulled out of the cage. It takes almost 10 hours to wrap the cable. But waiting for the calm sea will take much longer. They decide to stop working during the storm. Two nights have passed but the wind is still strong. They have to start when the time is running out. They pull the fuel tank down. It is floating under the storm. Engineers have to be careful because in the turbulent sea, the thin equipment may collide with the ship. Two hours later, Keith Sheffert pulls the fuel tank to the surface. Nothing like a challenge, eh? Ropoz pulls the cable tight. The engineer uses his left hand to pull the cable. Okay, arm down. And pulls the cable to the surface. It's a challenge. And pulls the cable with his right hand. Rotate. Slowly. In Keith's control room, Bob Holland controls the cable tightly. Rotate. When the cable is tight enough, they continue. But the pulling shows something strange. You missed it. There's a crack. It's a natural crack. I thought it was going to happen. See? You didn't say that last time. Right? Okay. I'm afraid it's going to happen. I'm afraid too. It's a natural crack. You can see it. Here. See? Here. Bob is nervous. They tighten the cable to hold it tight. And prepare to insert the blade into the crack. The hot stuff is boiling. But the blade is still working. It's smoking. Shall we rotate it? They try everything from the bottom to the top without dropping the cable. Because no one knows how long the cable will last when they try to pull it up from the sea. Scientists may do some research and come back with a lot of data. That means they've succeeded. When an engineer has to bring something back, if he can't do it, he's at great risk. And if you try to bring something you don't know back, you're at great risk. When it's time to take a risk, they try to pull the cable up by 8,000 feet. The operation moves to the second ship, John Pittory. Do you want to release the cable? Missinglay and other engineers are waiting. They bring the cable to the surface and Sodiac will pull it up. The engineers must be sure that the cable is loose while it rolls through the A-frame and through the heavy ship. We're just above the position. We're finding it. Yes, we're finding it. Wait a minute. We're finding it. It's up. Yeah, we're finding it. The unit is about 1,000 feet below us. They pull the cable up to the end of the ship. We just need to get it up from the ship. The ship is very heavy, Debbie. I'm sending it to John. Be careful. We just need to get it up. Take it easy. The cables in the A-frame are separated. But most of the A-frame is still in the same position. Wow, that's great. It's coming up. Very good. Put it down slowly. Put it down. Turn it. Be careful. Okay, turn it. Very good. Turn it. Let's just bring it down. Put it down. It's incredible, man. We just need to get it up from the ship. It's incredible, Debbie. We're very lucky. Very good. I'm glad we did it. It's broken in the part we wanted. This is great. This is what we've been trying to do. It's amazing. We have the rocks on the ship. There are three sections. We just lost the top section. We lost the top section. There are three sections in total. Roger that. I'll send it to John. He's going to get over there. You'll be seeing him shortly there. John Delaney's work used to seem impossible. Ten years ago, it became a reality. The ship was brought up as a starting point. A small volcano like this is a test case. Take it easy. There are three more structures waiting to be built at the bottom of the sea. The next one is Roan. This volcano is full of natural cracks like a ship. There may be cracks down there. I don't see them. John has an idea. Why don't we use a raft to pull the volcano up and separate it at the right spot? Some people don't agree. The debate is whether we separate it at the right spot or not. My point is if we use a raft it won't cause damage. But Ray agrees with John's plan. He hopes it will slow down the eruption and slow down the weather. This idea will be tested soon. If Roan is stuck on the sea floor the gravity will increase. The raft and the boat will pull the volcano up. We have about 12,000 pounds of gravity now. Roger that. While they are pulling the volcano up, the gravity increases. We're going to stop at 20,000 pounds if it doesn't break first. They are still stuck on the sea floor. The gravity is almost enough to pull the raft off the boat. I don't want it to be higher than this. We have to decide whether to send the raft down or not. Even if it slows down, Ray is ready to cut the line and start over. It might be too late. But it's okay. We can cut the line and start over. There won't be any problem. I think... It's going down! It's floating up! You're so lucky! The raft is off the sea floor. One obstacle is over. But the next one is not easy. They are using a rope to pull the raft up. No one knows how hard it is. Wait a minute. Try it again. That's good. Pull it up. The raft is floating with the thin rope. Hold it tight. It's going far. Hold it tight. If it fails, the valuable object might fall into the sea. That's good. Pull it up. Pull it up! Everybody is holding each other tight. Pull it up. You did great! Two pieces! Two pieces. Pull it up. That's good. Pull the rope. It's great. Even though it's only a short distance from Mahasamut, the Rohan still has a 200-degree Fahrenheit heat wave. It's surrounded by a vent. Some parts of it are still alive. It's filled with millions of Juliansi. We will have more samples that are better collected and better analyzed than before. That does, for me, give me excitement. It gives me a sense of discovery and exploration. If I were to be sent to dig a hole in the ground to find water or living things, I would be excited to find new things, things that are important to understand how life is formed and developed. Even though they get the samples they want, no one wants to take a risk with uncertainty. We will continue with the rest. The heat wave is almost 600 degrees Fahrenheit. It's the hottest black smoke. The smoke creates a new channel of hot water. Astronomers know that the hotter the smoke, the thinner it gets. It's coming up. Yes, it's coming up. The thinner the water surface, the more prominent it is. It's coming up. Be careful. It's coming up. But the damage is not as bad as they thought. They were able to create two out of three parts and see what's inside. Wow, look at that channel. It's very special. The part that's bent is called chaldeopyrite or fusco. It's very special. It's the source of knowledge and the chemistry of life in the deep sea. Day and night, the last hour of the journey, the fourth volcano, Guanyin, erupts with heat. It's full of life. It's like working on the phone, but it's the greatest success of scientists and engineers. I think we've got everything we need from a scientific point of view. It's absolutely everything we need. It's more than my idea. Yes, I know why we did it. New York, USA This is just the beginning of the research on the resources that came from the sea and the first step in exposing these structures and their story to the public. We did it. After a thorough investigation, the volcano will be taken to the National Historic Site in New York City to be shown there. It's not just about science that is very important, but it's also about bringing people back to understand what we're doing, the questions we're asking and the answers we're finding. And with this structure from the sea, we can begin to explain the story of the world to the public. So bringing the resources to the public is the beginning of the story. It's not the end yet.