สารคดี สำรวจโลก ตอน มังกรแห่งกาลาปากอส - อิกัวน่าปรากฏตัวบนเกาะอันห่างไกลได้อย่างไร? | Next Step

The island of Kalapagos is home to one of the world's 1,000 seabirds, the iguanas. Instead of finding food on the go, the iguanas prefer to eat on the beach. After being in the sea for an hour, they need to lie down under the sun to warm up. It's not always easy to get to the island. This is Fernandina Island, the westernmost and newest island in the island of Kalapagos. It is also the largest residence of the sea iguanas. During the summer months, it's time for the iguanas to breed. The bigger one will walk on the big board in the group of the female to announce her pregnancy, which means she will compete with the competitor. Shaking her head is a challenge to the one in front of her. While the big one is fighting, the smaller one is in a relationship with the female. Normally, the big one will go out to explore her own pregnancy and meet the competitor. If it's like this, she won't be able to give in. She will drag the female out and put her in the middle of her territory. Once the female is infected, she won't be able to get infected again and won't mate again this year. The competitor will have to find another female. The iguanas live in groups like the male, which is convenient to go to the sea and is a perfect food source. The island of Kalapagos has 15 main islands. It is located in the middle of the sea. It is very dry due to the influence of volcanoes and lava. It was caused by the eruption of volcanoes more than 5 million years ago from the cracks of the earth's crust under the mainland. The eruption continues to this day. The flow of molten rock follows the flow of volcanoes, making the sky bright at night. Nothing can stop it while it flows down to the sea. When the sun rises, we can see that the lava flows through the Palo Santo tree, which is the residence of a pair of Kalapagos eagles and a large iguana. Some of them survive and escape the cold lava. But it's still hot enough to burn their feet. The other ones are unlucky. The lava on the male's side creates a habitat for wild animals. The bird is missing a place to rest, but it can still fly away. A small number of iguanas are boiled. Only a few have survived. And now it has to face a new homeland and a waterfowl that can't fly. In February, when the sea is not far away, the female iguana is digging the ground. Four weeks ago, it was fertilized. Now it's time to lay eggs. The eagle has appeared at the center of the sea. There are observers who see its arrival. In these seas, the female iguana is clearly visible and exhausted from digging, ready to leave. When the eagles fly out, they run to the safest place, which is the sea. The eagles catch too much weight. The result is not yet conclusive. The iguana still has a chance if it can reach the sea. Finally, the eagles change their mind, but the iguana is already dead. The female iguana has a larger body, so it is safer from being attacked. It will take a sunbath before going into the water. It has long nails, so it can hold a rock and resist the force of the waves while it eats the waterfowl. Although it is an animal that needs to breathe, it usually stays underwater for about 10 minutes at a time and does not leave the sea for more than an hour because it will make it cold and lose energy. These fish will keep following it, eating small animals that are disturbed by removing the waterfowl. These eagles have appeared. It is a sea lion, a descendant of those who migrated from California in the past. The sea lion is also an animal that needs to breathe. But by being a milk animal, they have a warmer body and can stay in the water longer. In March, warm water flows from the north, which increases the temperature of the sea. The sea water is very hot, so it creates a cloud on the island. Soon, it rains. Many animals on the island of Galapagos are satisfied with the humidity they receive. For the iguana, which lives far from the sea, this is a rare opportunity for it to get water. Isabela, the largest island, has been raining for several weeks and caused a flood on Alcedo, which is a mountain in the middle. The giant turtle eats the waterfowl, which is stored in a dry net in front of it. The eagles fly out to find a mate. The turtle, too, after smelling the soft grass, will soon start mating. The male will be larger than the female, but this one chooses a mate that is much smaller. The young eagle seems to be confused with the rock that can breathe. It is an activity that is tiring and exhausting. The sound of the male's roar is heard all over the mountains far and wide. Alcedo is one of six large iguanas on the island of Isabela, which is the largest in the world. Alcedo is one of six large iguanas on the island of Isabela, which is the largest in the world. Each iguana has a turtle that is separated by lava. The separation causes it to have different characteristics. Fernandina, which is on the west coast of Isabela, once had a turtle, but no one has survived to this day. However, the sea iguana is still firmly attached to the beach. The eggs laid at the beach are warmed by sunlight. Now ready to hatch. For the blue iguana, it's time to eat. For the newly hatched eggs, they have to run for a distance of 100 meters on the sand beach to reach the sea to be safe. Iguanas are not their only enemy. The snake of the island of Galapagos does not kill prey with poison, but uses a method of crushing until it dies. First, you have to catch it. Some young iguanas have to cross the lava to get to the shore. Snakes also know this. And there are many that are waiting. Snakes can crawl far away and swallow prey that is fatter than them. This iguana died because it couldn't breathe. Some iguanas find a safe path in the lava. But the path still seems too wide. The iguana family came to Galapagos as a descendant who did not come from South America. They came on a plant that floated millions of years ago. While one group settled near the sea, the other group headed up the mountain. In the area where there are trees at the foot of Mount Fernandina, iguanas come together to breed. Each one will dig a hole and the female will come to explore. The female's facial expression means no more than yes. But the male is still standing still. Now it looks like the female has almost the same vision as the male. It allows the male to clean itself by poking out the skin, which the male will eat as food. It eats the plant that grows in front of the male. And the male begins to lose patience. This is not a suitable place to breed. It is better to take the female to her own territory where no one will disturb her. The breeding is coming to an end. When they separate, the male will wait for the other female to pass by. But the laying of the eggs has just begun. It is about to embark on an important journey in life. It starts digging up the side of Mount Fernandina, up to the mouth of the mountain. It has to dig up to 1,500 meters above sea level. It takes 10 days or more. Near the mouth of the mountain, there is a spring that makes the soil warm and moist. It is the best place to lay the eggs. It follows the warm path to the base. More than hundreds of eagles have come this way since last week. The area where the eagles lay their eggs has been limited, and most of them have been reserved. It finds a place that it thinks is empty, but it is not. It seems that there is no place left for it here. The sun begins to set. At this high level, it may be very cold at night, and it is not good for small animals. It has to find a place to rest. A small cave is suitable. There are other animals inside. But whatever it does, it is allowed to go in. The temperature starts to drop rapidly. But the water that penetrates makes this place warm and comfortable. In the morning, when the weather is cool, the water rises from the heat of the melting rocks below. But there is no place to lay the eggs. It and the other one that came late have to continue walking. There is only one place to go, which is to cross the mountain range and enter the mountain range. The Fernandina mountain range is very large. The explosion of the volcano makes the deep part go down to create a vacuum. The mountain range is broken down to create a large volcano. No one knows when it will explode again. The side of the volcano is not stable after the explosion last time, and it is still broken down continuously. It and its companions go on a journey that seems to be a suicide mission. They face the volcano. The bottom of the volcano is almost 1 km deep. The cliff is very steep and not very stable. A little disturbance may cause the rocks to slide down. Every year, the iguanas have to find a new route. The new immigrants are killed every year. Although it is dangerous, they still come. Finally, they reach the bottom of the volcano. It is very cold here. In some areas, the water from the bottom of the volcano warms the body. The temperature under the ground is about 30 degrees Celsius, which is suitable for hatching iguanas. There is more space here, but digging in the area where the eggs that have been hatched have been disturbed can cause severe damage. They have to be very careful. Finally, they get their own place. After all the efforts, it does not mean that they have succeeded. In some years, the volcano will destroy all the eggs and females that are laying eggs. They still have to climb up from the top of the volcano and walk another 10 km down the mountain to reach their habitat. After the southern hemisphere brings the cold air up to the top of the volcano, the humidity that it brings thickens and becomes a low-level fog. It is called Karua. This fog is the only humidity source on this island for the next 6 months. 25 km to the west of Fernandina Island is the Alcedo Volcano. The arrival of fog is a sign that it is time for the islands in the volcano to come to the surface and drink the water that comes with the fog. There are thousands of birds on this island. What kind of birds will be caught by the volcano? Just like the iguanas' skin-eating mosquitos. The volcano invites them to do so by making a special way that the birds can reach in every corner. The volcano can not scratch itself and can not clean the nostrils either. It will be a tug-of-war between the two sides. On the west side of the island, the fog covers the surface of Fernandina Island and the lava area and blocks the sunlight for many hours every morning. When the fog is gone, the iguanas will start their daily mission which is to walk down to the sea. During this time of the year, the cold water from the South China Sea which is 1,000 km away from the east flows in. The cold water from the Pacific Ocean comes from the deep sea and brings growth to the iguanas. The iguanas grow very fast and it is necessary because there are tens of thousands of iguanas on this long coastline. The iguanas are 3 months old. They will eat the algae on the rocks at the sea level. The sea lions that live in the same age do not leave the sea either. They are still in the water playing with each other. Not only that, the iguanas are also one of their friends. In the afternoon, most of the iguanas will finish their meal and take a sunbath to get the heat they need to digest their food. Some of the smaller ones play on the beach while others are playing with their parents. The iguanas are also very active in the water and play with their parents which is a safer place. The iguanas do not attack the adult iguanas because they are too big and strong. But for the small iguanas, they are dangerous. The iguanas die to feed the birds because this is also the time when the iguanas breed on Kalapagos Island. The bigger ones usually get to eat first and when they are full, the smaller ones get to eat. But this year is a good year for the iguanas so there is enough food for both of them. On the beach, the sea lions also feed their babies. Their mother sprays water for the babies to breathe for the first time. While they are breathing, they also call their mother which is very important because both of them have to remember each other's voice so that they can find each other in the future. The newborn baby lion is fed with protein so it is the favorite food of the crabs and iguanas. The blue-footed booby will show that it is not a booby to make sure that it is not a booby. The booby dance is a clear sign that it is not a booby. In some areas, the booby will breed in the bed of the iguana. The iguana has to run through the mouth of the booby to get to the bed. When the iguana is ready to sleep, it will release the liquid through the nose continuously. It is the salt water that is driven from the pond to the nose. The pond is responsible for the salt that is eaten along with the seaweed. The sun starts to set and the weather gets colder. The iguana is kept in the Fernandina mountain. The water is still cold so the iguana is still kept in the pond. It is a sign that the penguin bird is ready to mate. The penguin bird will breed when it has enough food like the blue-footed booby which is ready to mate. The sea water is the favorite food of the penguin bird. One of its characteristics is to feed the fish to the pond where the fish can't escape. Or to feed the fish to the water surface and let the other fish drink from the water. When the pond is full the fish can swim without being disturbed by the penguin bird. But the problem is not solved by the bird. The blue-footed booby can go further to find the fish by observing from a distance and the sea lions follow it. And it seems to be the most chaotic fishing. The sea lions chase the fish to the water to give the booby a chance to wait. On the other side the blue-footed booby is playing with the sea iguana in front of the sea. This activity helps the booby to move and increase its wings to be ready when it goes out to find the fish. The iguana is almost ready to fly and go out to find the fish by itself. It is staring at the bottom of the mountain. The biggest fishing is about to happen. Now is October 100 days from the day the iguana laid the eggs. They should be ready to hatch the eggs. All the sea lions know what is going to happen and are ready to share. The first fish may be inexperienced but it can feel the danger from the sea lions. All the eggs hatched at the same time. The iguana is more likely to run to the fish at the same time. One of the sea lions decided to lay the eggs first. The other sea lions saw that the sea lions were attracted by the sea lions. But the iguana was too brave to run away. When it reached the wall of the shell there was a place more safe. But the iguana was still smarter than the sea lions. The sea lions were only 6 inches long and did not eat. It's not a complete success, but there's still a long way to go. Down there is a warm, sandy area where his mother was 3 months ago, while she was laying eggs. There are a dozen snakes waiting. Some of them go into the hole where his wife laid the eggs, waiting to hear the movement of more than one egg, as it digs into the ground. Iguanas can run away from snakes if they run fast, but there are snakes in every hole. Only a few survive. They climb up the tree or the ground to see the path ahead. There's still a long way to go. Its final destination is a path with trees at an altitude of 1,300 feet. His neighbor, a 6-month-old Iguana, is confident that he can find food here. It will take many years for him to grow up and be strong enough to find food at the bottom of the sea with his parents. Iguanas live in a solitary world. It's not a paradise. It's surrounded by danger from the water, the ground, and the air all the time. The land where they live is ready to separate and burn. However, there are no animals in the world like the dragon of Kalapagos Island.