Quyển sách này nói về điều gì? “Những kẻ xuất chúng” viết về những cá nhân đã đạt được nhiều thành tựu xuất sắc ở các lĩnh vực khác nhau như toán học, thể thao, pháp luật… Họ thật sự phi thường đến mức khiến người khác nghĩ rằng họ có những khả năng thiên bẩm và sức mạnh thần bí nào đó nên mới thành công được như vậy. Tuy nhiên, trên thực tế, những nhân tố như gia đình, văn hóa, hay thậm chí ngày sinh cũng có ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến năng lực của mỗi người. Quyển sách này dành cho ai? • Những ai thường tự hỏi vì sao có những công ty có thể phát triển và trường tồn hơn một thế kỷ • Những người muốn định hướng công ty, tổ chức, hay phòng ban của mình theo cách làm việc có mục đích rõ ràng • Những người muốn hiểu về công cụ giúp thúc đẩy tiến độ và khuyến kích sự đổi mới trong tổ chức của mình.
The book is a 30-minute summary of the book by NNT Studio.
What does this book say about?
The authors write about individuals who have achieved many excellent achievements in various fields such as math, sports, and law.
They are really extraordinary to the extent that others think that they have the potential and some physical strength to succeed.
However, in reality, factors such as family, culture, or even birth date also have a significant impact on each person's ability.
Who is this book for?
People often ask themselves why there are companies that can develop and survive for more than a century.
People who want to direct their company, organization, or agency to work with a clear purpose.
People who want to understand tools, help promote progress, and encourage change in their organization.
About the author, Malcolm Gladwell is an editor-in-chief at the New Yorker newspaper.
He started his career writing for the Washington Post.
In 2005, he was voted one of the 100 most influential people in Time magazine.
In addition to their authors, Gladwell is also the author of many other books that sell well.
There are
How to make small things make a big difference
and
In the blink of an eye, the power of thinking without having to think
This book will help you understand the success story of people who create their own outcomes.
Have you ever read about the story of a successful person and wondered that that success came to them simply because they were lucky?
Usually, successful stories will mention more about people's abilities and determination than just luck.
However, this book will help you take a deeper look at the nature of the problem and understand that there are many other invisible factors that are still affecting our success.
But most of those factors are outside of human control.
This book will help you explain more accurately why Bill Gates and The Beatles have become legends.
Why can it be that on your birthday, you can't become a sports superstar?
Why should we apply math to growing rice?
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People who are self-motivated and successful appear everywhere, in all eras.
When we hear about a talented mathematician, we usually assume that he is talented because he has an amazing logical mind.
And more importantly, he was born with a math talent.
Similar to the strength of a professional athlete, the appreciation of musicians, or the ability to solve problems such as athletes.
This is easy to understand because we often have the tendency to argue that success comes from effort and natural abilities.
When Jeb Bush ran for governor of Florida, during the campaign, he always affirmed that he was the one who created his own success.
This was quite unrealistic at the time because there were two US presidents.
One was the owner of a wealthy bank in Wall Street.
One was backed by a congressman, who was also a member of the family.
However, in Florida, personal abilities are always highly valued, so Jeb Bush was confident in his strength to run for office.
Jeb Bush's achievements have proven that he is truly an outstanding person.
But not only does his outstanding personal ability help Jeb Bush succeed, but other factors also play a role.
We often only care about the factors related to the individual and the self-motivation to succeed.
Therefore, we often overlook many other factors.
Those who achieve success are legends, and these legends are extremely common.
When you reach a certain limit, only ability will not help you succeed.
Even if you have advantages in astronomy, it does not guarantee your success.
For example, a height of 2.1 meters does not help you have a million-dollar basketball player contract.
An outstanding IQ does not bring you a Nobel Prize.
Why is that?
Ability is a source of power that helps you succeed.
For example, the height of a basketball player is intelligent in mathematics.
But these resources are limited.
For example, if you are taller than a certain level, being taller will not bring you many competitive advantages.
This is the same in education.
Many policies reduce the requirement to apply to colored students.
These students often perform worse than white students.
But after graduation, the success rate of white and colored students is the same.
Perhaps colored students used to perform worse, but they still find work with an equal salary,
receive respect, and have many contributions to the field as well as white students.
In fact, the height of a basketball player will also bring some certain advantages.
But when you take advantage of it, other factors will play a more important role.
As for lawyers, personal ability is the basis for you to start building success.
For example, you will not be able to become a good lawyer if you lack the ability to argue logically.
But when you have reached the limit, only ability is not enough for you to achieve what you want.
In such cases, you may need more skills, relationships, or even luck.
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Spending 10,000 hours to do something is not easy at all.
Although skill is an important factor for success, that alone is not enough.
Working hard is also a significant factor.
Bill Gates has spent a lot of time studying programming languages.
The Beatles have also spent a lot of time on stage.
They really have skills in their own field.
But it is their frequent and meticulous practice that has brought them to the top of the world.
There is a study that says that if you want to do something well,
spend 10,000 hours to work hard.
Of course, not everyone has enough 10,000 hours to focus on one thing.
First, you need a chance to start as soon as possible.
Then you will have more time to practice.
And then you and your family will have other resources to help you.
Simply because you have to work to make a living,
and you have to spend 40 hours a week practicing to become a world-famous violinist,
is a very difficult thing.
Regardless of the purpose, you may need other supporting factors.
It could be something expensive or not.
The encouragement of family, friends, coaches, or kindness from strangers
can also be factors that help you succeed.
In the case of a lucky guy like Bill Gates or the Beatles,
you will have these things.
However, not everyone is like that.
Birth can affect your success.
Your age compared to the group of fireflies
can be a factor that helps you succeed or not.
For example, in this case,
in the youth basketball tournament in Canada,
the age limit for athletes is January 1.
So all the youths in the same calendar year will compete against each other.
This is said to create equality.
But is that true?
The answer is no.
Because maybe the youths born in December will have to compete with the youths born in January.
They are clearly 1 year apart.
Not only that, coaches also often praise 9-year-olds
because they play better, stronger.
In fact, it's not like that.
Not only because they are older than other children by 1 year,
but being born earlier than 1 year can bring many significant benefits.
Young people with age advantages are often encouraged more,
have more opportunities to improve their skills.
This can be called an already existing advantage.
Therefore, there are many professional basketball players in Canada
who are born half a year earlier than the end of the year.
Maybe you are thinking that there is no problem
because you are not a basketball player,
nor are you Canadian.
But think about it.
In the areas that use days or months to divide people by age group,
it can lead to unfairness.
Similarly, in sports,
the age group in the field of education also has an impact.
For example, a 5-year-old boy,
because of his poor concentration,
often takes a pen to write and is told that he has a problem.
This child may grow up and think that he has a problem.
But a 6-year-old boy will be calmer and more focused,
so it is possible that he will be praised more by everyone.
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The way you are raised will also affect whether you are successful or not.
When your skills have reached their limits,
the skills you have will not affect your success much.
More importantly, do you have practical intelligence?
Practical intelligence is understood as
whether you are able to learn questions
and apply the knowledge you learn
according to each practical case or not.
In other words, you know when to ask and who to ask.
For example, if you can apply your knowledge
in negotiating with those in power,
your chances of success will be higher.
Knowledge is not seen as a talent.
Social scientist Annette Leroux pointed out that
wealthy families often raise their children better,
but in general it is because they care more about their children,
creating more conditions for children to participate in smart development activities.
They teach them to understand respect
and know how to respond to each case.
In other words, they teach their children practical intelligence.
On the other hand, families without such conditions
will develop in a natural direction,
rarely get the motivation, guidance,
and encouragement as in rich families.
It can also be said that these children are not taught
about practical intelligence,
which may limit their success in the future.
Boys can also bring you advantages.
We can have unfair advantages for many reasons.
Let's take a look at the case of billionaires
who are older in the technology industry.
Bill Gates, Steve Jobs,
and co-founder of Sun Microsystems, Bill Joy.
All of them were born with the talent for logical thinking,
as well as the passion for practical intelligence
and the opportunity for them to practice and improve their skills.
Is this a mysterious power that helps them succeed?
Not exactly.
They not only have opportunities,
but more precisely, they have many opportunities
to practice enough for 10,000 hours
and be proficient in the field of computing.
To catch up with the changing times in the software industry,
they have to be born at the right time,
late enough to access new computer models,
help them overcome software holes,
and not too late for their ideas,
after completion,
will still be a pioneer in the market.
They also start a company at the right age,
because when they are older,
they tend to care more about stability
than accepting risks to succeed.
Although not all technology giants
were born in the period from 1954 to 1956,
in fact, being at the right place at the right time
is still an advantage.
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Where you were born and grew up
also affects the achievements you will achieve.
Asians are often considered to be good at math.
This may not be entirely accurate,
but in fact,
it is true that a few points in Asian culture
make students in these countries
more likely to learn math better.
Language is one of them.
When learning words,
automatically children also learn how to add numbers.
Therefore,
mathematical thinking developed quite early.
In addition,
rice, the main food of Asians,
also helps students learn math better
because rice requires a lot of calculation.
To farm in Asia is much more difficult
than farming in Europe.
A harvest season requires patience,
cooperation between many farmers
and determining the right time.
These factors help to form a culture of hard work.
As the saying goes,
no one is as rich as their father,
no one is as difficult as their father.
What does this have to do with math?
In fact,
as you can see,
math is not easy at all.
You can spend hours to find out
why the result you get is a 17,
while the correct answer is 19.
Studies have shown that
students in Western schools
often leave earlier than
Eastern students when solving math.
Therefore,
in general,
Asians are really good at math,
and their ancestors passed down
their patience and dedication
to farming,
which is extremely beneficial
to their children's math skills.
These virtues are passed down,
and even if many generations
do not farm,
they are still kept.
When we understand the role of culture,
we can help more people succeed.
There are many exceptions
that no one wants to meet,
such as accidents while flying,
as well as Bill Gates
who said that
accidents can lead to
disastrous consequences.
Air Korea is an example.
Before 2000,
the rate of accidents
when flying was 17 times
higher than the average industry.
This can also be explained
based on cultural background.
Korean culture values authority.
For example,
even if you see the captain
making a mistake,
you can't blame him.
He is a pilot.
A pilot in Guam
is a telegraph witness.
One of the pilots
tried to talk to the captain
about poor vision
and can't get on the runway
correctly.
But to avoid offending the captain,
he just said,
I don't know if there's a lot of rain
in this area,
captain.
And the population rate
of accidents when flying
has dropped to the level
close to the average industry.
When we understand the cause of injustice,
we can create opportunities
to help more people succeed.
Experience derived from successful stories
will not necessarily have a practical effect,
although some cases
still succeed.
In basketball,
the age limit will make
younger than 1 years old
still compete with each other.
But an athlete born on December 27
can't go back to the past
and ask his mother to give birth to him
on January 1.
In fact, many basketball players
have practiced hard
to improve their skills
and surpass others
because they know
they can't be born
at an advantageous time.
However, the injustice
about age can change.
Instead of using the age limit,
we can divide into many age groups
to reduce competition
due to the benefits of age.
For example,
we can reduce the age limit
from April to March,
April to June,
and so on.
For education,
instead of sitting in one place
and letting the opportunity
be taken by the older children
in the rich families,
we can create programs
like South Bronx KIPP.
KIPP means knowledge and strength.
A middle school for students
who are in a difficult situation.
KIPP is still managed
to help 84% of students
improve their math and reach the required level.
Summary
Message from this book
Success does not come
from an element
like intelligence or hard work.
Success is the result
of a series of opportunities
and a series of events
combined together
to create favorable conditions
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