오순제 교수의 가야사 강좌 46강 | 가야의 멸망 그 후 어떻게 그들은 변화했는가

Hello, I'm going to talk about the extinction of the Kayas. We've been talking about the Kayas from their birth to their extinction. I'm going to talk about how they became extinct and how their land changed. First, I'd like to talk about the Geulgang Kayas. The Geulgang Kayas were destroyed by Gwanggaeto the Great. They were destroyed by the Maengju of the Jeonggigaya Alliance. After that, the last king was Guhyong the Great. He was crowned in 532, the 19th year of King Beopung. So where is Guhyong the Great? He's not in Gimhae, but he's in Sancheong. Sancheong is Jirisan, as you all know. Why is he in Jirisan? You'll find out when you get there. It's a staircase-style stone wall. It's very unique. There are quite a few stone walls like this in South Korea. This one is very distinct. There's a story here in Jirisan. Especially in Unbong, the last king resisted against Silla. When King Gyeongsun of Silla surrendered, there's a legend that Maiteja went into Mt. Geumgang and fought. There's a story about that. It's the same here. So there's a high possibility that Maiteja did martial arts in Unbong. That's what most people are saying. But there's nothing in detail. The first son of Guhyong the Great is Nojong. The second is Mudeok. And the third is Kim Muryeok. He's the grandfather of Kim Ryusin. When King Gyeongsun of Geumgang surrendered, the royal families were divided into Jingol. The Jingol of Silla. So they were called Shingim. Silla is also Kim. So it's called Gugim. Jingol is a new Jingol. When King Jinwoo took over Han River, he took over Han River and from Baekje Songhang. At that time, Silla went up to Hangyeongdo. While hitting Goguryeo. And Baekje took over Han River. King Jinwoo took over Han River that Baekje took over. And he installed Shinju there. Where is Shinju now? It's Hanam City. Hanam City, Iseongsanseong, etc. Kim Muryeok became the ruler of Shinju. After that, Baekje Songhang was taken away. So he built a palace and built Gwansanseong. Where is it now? It's Okcheon. He was killed while building Gwansanseong in Okcheon. But the story comes out in detail in the 1st century. His son went out and fought. He came to see his son. He didn't lead the army, but he led a few guards. He was finally caught and killed. There's a story like that. So he became the first class. He used to be the 6th class. He was the second class of the 6th class. Now he's in the 1st class. This is how the war broke out. And his son was Kim Seoyeon. Kim Seoyeon became the lord of Daeryangju during the reign of King Jinpyeong. His granddaughter, Moonhee, became the queen of Taejongmuyeolhang. There's a famous story about that. Moonhee had a dream. She peed in her dream, and the drawer was submerged in water. So Moonhee, her younger sister, told her to sell the dream to her. That's how Kim Chunchu got married. That's how she became the queen. And her granddaughter, Kim Yusin, became the general of Taejongmuyeolhang and Mungmuhang. That's how the Three Kingdoms were unified. So who was the first class of the Three Kingdoms? Kim Chunchu and Kim Yusin. Shin Jingol and Gu Jingol. There was Sunggeol. Sunggeol was the queen. Sundeok, Jindeok, and Jinseok. After Sunggeol, there was Jingol. This is Guyeongwangneum. It looks very unique. It's very unique if you go there. When did Aragaya fall? In the Jiriji of the Three Kingdoms, it says that King Beopung destroyed Asirangguk with a large army and made it a military base. In the War of the Three Kingdoms, King Jijung, King Jijung became the general of Yeonbyeon and played with horses. He deceived the people of Gaya and defeated them. This is talking about Aragaya. So when Aragaya was defeated, we can see it as King Jijung. King Jijung was 15 years old. It's 514 years old. King Jijung destroyed Asichon Sogyeong of Silla and installed it there. That's what it says. Because the year King Jijung died was 514 years ago. So you might be mistaken as King Beopung. So it's highly likely that it was King Jijung. 514 years. Next, let's look at Sogaya. Sogaya, King Jijung, in 505, King Jijung sent a movement and destroyed Sogaya. That's what it says. But in the case of Cheonggwanho, Sogaya was holding out until the destruction of Degaya in 562. That's what it claims. But the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is saying it exactly. So it might be more accurate. Next, Degaya. King Jijung defeated Degaya in the battle of Gwansangseon and in 555, in Bihagaya. Now it's Changryeong. King Jijung installed Wansanju in Changryeong. In 561, King Jijung installed Sangju in Bukjingji and Degaya and Aragaya in Changryeong. But it's a miscalculation. So it's Jinwangsunsubi. After that, in 562, King Jijung sent generals like Isabu and Sadam and destroyed Degaya. And in 562, in Haju. So we don't need Changryeong. Because Degaya was destroyed. So King Jijung moved it to Dehaju. Dehaju is Hapcheon now. Hapcheon is a very important military base. So in Degaya, the military base was Hapcheon. Let's see here. This is Dalseong. This is Dalseo. This is Changryeong. And this is Degaya. And we can see it's located in Degaya. So this is Silla, and this is Degaya. We can see it's located in Nakdonggang. This is Jinwangsunsubi. And this big mountain is Hwawangsansung. And next is Tangumdae and Uruk. Uruk is Gaya. Gaya is Degaya here. Degaya lived in Sungryeolhyeon. According to the meaning of Gashirwang of Degaya, 12 hyunggeum, which is the Gayageum we use now. They made Gayageum and composed 12 songs for 12 hyunggeum. When Degaya became more and more confused, he hid in Nangseong with his disciples. Nangseong is now Cheongju. He went to Cheongju and sang and danced. Jinheungwang is Seowon-gyeong, which is now Chungju. Chungju's Tangumdae, which is now Jungwon-gyeong, and Haringung, which is now Gungeol, which is now Tangumdae, where he played Gayageum. At that time, Jinheungwang occupied Chungju of Baekje. He installed Jungwon-gyeong and moved many Gaya people here. At that time, Jinheungwang heard Urugi's Gayageum performance and sent three people to teach the music. Among the three people, Gayageum for Gaego, Song for Beopji, and Dance for Manduk. That's how Urugi became Degaya. This is now Tangumdae. This is Chilgeum-dong, and this is Tangumdae. This is a dam. You can see Chungju Dam here. It became wider because it blocked Chungju Dam. It flows down and turns like this. This is Dallae River. It flows over like this. There is Goguryeo-ri in Chungju. There is Jangri-sanseong. There is Tanpyeong-ri. There is Nuam-ri-gobun. This is Silla-gobun. This is Chilgeum-dong. This is Baekje. This is Nuam-ri-gobun. These are the relics from here. This is Tangumdae. This is Naman-gang. Naman-gang. This is Dalcheon. This is Hapsumul. This is called Hapsumul. In the case of Baekje, they build castles in areas where water meets water. So the name of this place is Hapsumul. They excavated this place and found this castle. Look at this. It's made of board. You can see the stone from here. It's made of iron. And this is the iron gate of Baekje. This is the first one. Gaia's iron gate is famous and there is also Silla. But this is the first one. This is a very important relic. Next is Jangri-sanseong. They excavated this place. This is Naman-gang. There are a lot of Baekje relics here. Next is Jungang-goguryeo-bi. It's the same as Gwanggaeto-daehang-bi. It's a square. There are four sides of it but one side is not visible. This is Tapyeong-rin-chil-chung-seok-tab. Is this Naman-gang? This is also called Jungang-tab. The land of Silla is Pyongyang. So the center of the land of Silla is right here. That's why it's called Jungwon-gyeong. And the middle is called Jungang-tab. So this is Silla-tab. And they excavated this place. It's called Tapyeong-ri-u-jeok. And they found Baekje and Silla and Baekje relics. So there are houses and relics here. So Baekje and Silla lived here for a long time. We can see that. What's the history of Silla, Baekje, and Gaya? At first, Silla joined hands with Goguryeo. But in 450 AD, King Nolju helped King Gwanggaeto. But in 450 AD, Goguryeo was colonized by Silla. Silla is in Sokcho now. So Goguryeo killed King Nolju who didn't like Silla. And Goguryeo invaded Silla. So Goguryeo destroyed Silla. In 455 AD, when Baekje was attacked by Goguryeo, Silla helped. So Silla and Baekje became allies. And in 481 AD, when Goguryeo attacked Silla, Baekje and Gaya helped. So the problem is that Gaya and Baekje were always together until the end of the war. And another reason is that Baekje, Gaya, and Gaya were always allies. So later on, even though Silla was far away, Baekje was very close to Gaya. This is shown by Gaya's wall and an old wall in Goa. It flows down from the mountain. It's a feature of Gaya. It's at the end of a plain. There's a lotus flower pattern. It's the same as the lotus flower in the Neungsanri, Gobu. So we can see If you look here, the alliance of Baekje, Gaya, and Wei. In 396, Gwanggaeto the Great defeated Baekje and took 56 islands. As a result, King Asin surrendered. He kneeled down to Goguryeo. In 399, Gaya and Wei, who allied with Baekje. So this is definitely who moved from behind. Baekje moved like this. So he hit Silla. So when he besieged Gyeongju, At that time, Gwanggaeto the Great, who was guarding the Pyongyang region, I request a rescue. So Gwanggaeto the Great led 50,000 soldiers for 400 years He saved Silla and completely destroyed Geumgang Gaya. At this time, the Electric Gaya Alliance was collapsed. It's not over yet. We said that many parts of Gwanggaeto the Great's secret were erased. What is that part? He ate Imna in Sushima. And then he hit the main land. Japan's main land. So he removed the double-throne of Baekje. In 406, he built the half-throne of Goguryeo. This will be explained when we talk about Japanese history. In 404, This is 406. In 404, Where is Wei? Daebangguk. Where was Daebangguk now? It's Hwanghaedo. There's a record of attacking Hwanghaedo. It's also related to Baekje. In 475, Jangsu the Great killed Gyero the Great by attacking Baekje. At this time, Jejunggeollu, He was the eldest son of Baekje. He complained and surrendered to Goguryeo. He became a guide and captured Gyero the Great. At this time, Munju, the eldest son, went to Silla to ask for help. Gonji, the younger brother of Gyero the Great, was the father of Munyeong the Great. Gonji went to Wei to ask for help. Meanwhile, Gyero the Great died. So Munju had no choice but to send him to Wungjin, which is now Gongju. As you can see, Baekje, Gaya, and Wei were allies. Gyero the Great was a very good politician. But why did he fail? There's a reason. Jangsu the Great sent a monk named Dorim, who is now a spy, as a spy. The reason is that the monk went back and forth regardless of nationality. So he was abandoned by Jangsu the Great and surrendered because he hated Goguryeo. So he came to Gyero the Great. But Gyero the Great liked playing Go. He was very good at Go. So he must have been playing Go at that time. So he pretended to know Go, and asked the monk if he was good at Go. The monk said yes. So he played Go for a few years. As he played Go, he started to talk to the monk. When the monk asked for a game, the monk said yes. Don't we see that a lot? As he got close to the monk, he said, When he was in Gyero the Great, the king of Goguryeo was very talented. So was the king's palace. But when he came to Gyero the Great, the king was not as talented as he was. So was the palace. So the monk said, yes. So the monk heard the monk's words and started a large-scale construction. As a result, the people didn't care about politics, but only played Go. So the king's dissatisfaction was growing. Knowing this, the monk disappeared. The king's dissatisfaction with the people was increased, so he came to Gyero the Great. When he came to Gyero the Great, who did he know? Jaejoong, Geollu, Goyi, Mannyeon. These two people were the people who fought in Baekje. Then, in your opinion, who were the people with military secrets? They were the generals. So did they come from North Korea and have high-level information? No. At least they had to be ambassadors and generals. But these people were exactly like that. So they knew where the military was located and what the castle looked like. So they became a guide and came to Gyero the Great. According to the legend from Hanam, why did Jaejoong, Geollu fight against Goguryeo? In Baekje War, there was a woman named Domi. The man who coveted her was called Gyero the Great. He was the brother-in-law of Gyero the Great. Since he was his brother-in-law, he tried to steal his brother's eyes and tried to steal his sister-in-law. It is highly likely that he went to Goguryeo with a grudge. If this legend is true. And if you look at the area, there is a place called Domachi. It is highly likely that it is related to Domi. And the name of the territory is Domijin. Domijin, Domijin. There is a legend that he pulled out the eyes of Narukbae and threw it away. That is Domi Naru. There is a place called Paldang. And if you look here, King Jin of Silla helped the king to push Goguryeo and took the Han River. So the king of Baekje attacked Gwansanseong in 554. But you can see that Gaya and Wae sent rescuers and fought. We can see these things in the Japanese history. When you look at that, Gaya was a force that was all connected to Baekje and Wae. Now, Geumgang Gaya perished in 532, and Daegaya perished in 602. Now, there is no country called Gaya. Then what happened? That was Wanchung, but Silla and Baekje clashed. So in 602, Baekje attacked Silla's Amaksanseong. Amaksanseong is now Wombong. In 606, Silla's Mosanseong was attacked. In 624, Silla's Seokham, this is Hamyang. Silla took 6 castles in Hamyang. The son of Muwang was King Uija. In 642, King Uija led a large army and attacked Silla's Seotjeok and took 40 castles. He took a lot. In August, he sent General Yunchung to Daegaseong, which is now Hapcheon. He attacked Hapcheon and took Kimchunchu's son-in-law. So the son-in-law killed his daughter. So he wanted to take the enemy. In 644, Silla's Kim Ryusin attacked Baekje and took 7 castles. After that, Baekje attacked Silla and took 7 castles again. In 649, Baekje sent a general named Uijik to take Musan castle, which is now Musan. He took Ganmulsung, which is now Geumneunggung, Ganyeongmyeon, which is now Gimcheon, and Dongjangseong. But he was defeated by Kim Ryusin and came back. This is where we are now. This is blue. This is red. This is yellow. This is green. This part was taken by King Uija. So it was like this, but it was pushed in this much. Among them, Daehwaseong is the most important. This is a military base. So it's very important. Next is the Battle of Daehwaseong. This is the map that the Silla took after the fall of Daehwaseong. If you look at this, Hapcheon, Geochang, Goryeong, Hamyang, Goseong, Haman, Changryeong, and Gimhae. So where is Baekje? Namwon, Imsil, Sunchang, Jinan, Namhae, Hadong. These two areas were divided into Baekje. What was the biggest battle here? In 642, King Uija took 40 cities. Where did he invade? He invaded Hapcheon, Daehwaseong. If you look at the direction he invaded at this time, Hapcheon is the destination now. If you look here, Hamyang and Jinju. He invaded these two cities. So if you look here, Hapcheon is in the middle area. Where are the 40 cities? Geochang and Sancheong. They probably existed in this area. This is Daehwaseong. This is Hwanggang. Hwanggang flows into Naktong River. The most important river in Naktong River is Geumho River, Han River, and Nam River. Nam River flows into Jinju. These rivers are very important. Among them, this Daehwaseong right next to Hwanggang is a very important refuge in the Sanguk period. So you can see that a great battle took place here. If you look here, you can see that Gaya disappeared and Shilla and Baekje collided. So how did Gaya perish? And how did the land split during the Korean War? Thank you for watching.