noc19-ae07-lec03

[Music] [Music] let us start this lecture with a thought process from Rudyard Kipling who is well known Nobel laureate he states I keep six honest serving men they taught me all I knew their names are what why one how where and who these are the very important tools for gaining the knowledge rather in other words converting the information into knowledge can be done by these questions so let us now recall what we learnt in the last lecture we basically started looking at the meaning of the civilization because we had started discussing about Indus Valley Civilisation so we need to know what is civilization if you look at the civilization is basically a human society which has developed in such a way that it will be having a sufficient amount of food and higher level of spirituality science technology and also the rural and urban areas in a some group they will be developed and it will be having also a philosophy and unique cultural values what they leave and we also identified the characteristics of a civilization and we also looked at what are the contribution of Indus Valley Civilisation to the wall and what we call today the Indus Valley Civilisation as industry the civilization and it is having enormous and then we have also looked at the comments made by the gents like aravinda and swami vivekananda and also similar comments on the this Indian civilization were made by several other Western scholars and they felt that India's civilization was quite reach and even today it is also living I must tell you that that Indian civilization is still alive but whereas the most of the ancien civilization are almost dead so we need to relook at it and today we'll be looking at basically that why we need to look at the NCN the Indian Science and Technology before that let me just tell you that we have also covered the course content I needed to go through it but I would like to draw your attention that you can for you know refer these books like history of Technology in India and from which I will be taking most of the material for this course and which is edited by AG bug and it is basically published by Inza that is Indian National Science Academy which is a well-known organization in New Delhi beside this recently we published two books one is glimpses of ancient Indian science technology in 2015 you can refer that so also the another book this forays into NC and Indian Science and Technology again edited by myself so you can get this book these are very small book you can call it as a booklet not a book you can get in amazon.com as a kind of things you can go through this and some of the material I will be taking from all these three references beside this lot more places I will be using so now we need to ask this question why are and siient Indian Science and Technology relevant to because you might be thinking that we are at the pinnacle of the scientific and technological development and when we are at the this thing why we need to look at ancien that to Indians Indian Science and Technology a lot of people like you who are not exposed to the Indian Science and Technology they might be thinking we are not having anything so if that is the assumption you are having in your mind the natural questions were why need to look at it so before really answering these questions we need to ask also few question let us ask this question what are the current problem faced by humankind can anybody tell like not the same thing may be different if it is coming okay fine so what we are discussing is basically depletion of natural resources as I was telling earlier that petroleum you know is the engine of the modern life and it is depleting at a faster rate not only petroleum but other things as well like your iron ore or here any other resources natural resources we are having for example jungles mountains we have already destroyed the eastern guard and western guard which is the protector for us they told in the last lecture and extension of species there are several spaces particularly in just this country India where there was a biodiversity and the number of spaces were quite high but it is receding at an alarm rate if you look at as to the review published in may 29 2014 in a very prestigious Journal of science kureta extensor rate happening is around something thousand times faster due to the human beings you see we are supposed to be the protect of the environment and so also the living beings we are destroying it and almost around 20,000 spaces are near extinction they may you know won't be there and in the name of development we are doing and why we are doing this how we could do this because of the power we got due to the modern technology so also the global warming that we are being affected by the global warming of temperature is going up you might be knowing like yesterday it was quite hard in Kanpur in November 23rd and today it has it is change it is little relatively cool right so there is a change in the kind of climate change across the globe and the climate today you cannot predict there might be cold there might be quite hot and then rain may come in you know it is unpredictable climate is changing well and so also environmental pollution the environmental pollution is a epidemic stage now the we need to look at it it is not only the air pollution which is being created by what you call use of fossil fuels for our transport and power plants and other things and there is a water is being polluted which is very important for the sustaining of any form of life not only human being but any form of life and not only that but also the pollution of human mind today mind is not at peace all the time it is in jittery and also it is causing a lot of turmoil in the mind of the people as a result there is the degradation of human values like I always feel that India is having 130 core people but where are the human beings they don't have the qualities of human beings there's certain qualities I require which will distinguish them basically from the animal so and there is a problem and the economy bankruptcy this is a total if you look at the economy of the entire globe not only India is on basically gambling that is there you know business the and there is no what you call constancy in that so therefore we are in deep trouble and detoriation of law and order not only in India across the globe and there is a unrest of social political and economical always you know like unemployment there is a lot of problems around that so if you look at these are the problems we are facing as of now now what are the solution what are the solution for this and what are the causes because if we want to find out solution we need to find out what are the causes right of that let us look at that what are the effects of global warming there is a rise of sea levels recently in Orissa lot of land being lost near the what you call sea which in Puri where the Lord Jagannath temple is there and so also in West Bengal and the coastal area lot of problems land is being consumed by the sea right you might be aware the sons urban areas we have lost a lot of land and which is submerged in the sea so that is a big problems we are will be facing in future because the what you call the ice being men getting melting out so those will be as a result there will be sea rise and we have already talked about the habitat damage and space is being you know extinct their life is also very important for to have a balance with this a beautiful art so that is the increase in temperature there is no doubt about it because I remember that when I was a kid I used to leave without a fan today in the same place I cannot live without air conditioner so therefore the temperature is rising at a very faster rate and it is causing a lot of other problems also and water quality and also the quantity are in deep trouble you might be knowing in Kanpur the water level is going down per year around 0.5 to 0.7 meter right going down water level ground water level and it is not only that like in it is also hosting some other places being in a gang jet explain nearby Ganga we are better off but in other places it is in deep trouble and so also the quality of the water and these because of we are doing let me talk about one winter in Himalayan region Himalaya is a great thing for us because it is having a very big ice cap and that lowest the temperature and and maintains balance the temperature in this region and the threats to the biodiversity arising from the climate change are very acute in eastern Himalayan regions and that region is threatened and there is a endemic species with the restricted distribution because the spaces are getting extinct not only that you might have watching a TV like you know people are going and for tracking and it's become business a lot of people are going and they're put in dumping all the plastics and other things and spoiling the environment I always tell to my student who take a going for taking from IIT Kanpur you please don't go and if you are going makes you that you take all those outs and clean that Amala because that is the big thing for us not only male for any other mountains are very important for our life because they control lot of things without our knowledge so we should not spoil for example we are having technology therefore you could manage to go to that place otherwise no right very few people could go so therefore technology may helpful but it is also spoiling the nature and so the regions this regions basically Himalayan regions wetlands are being affected by erratic weather observed in many parts of the region and this we are having not only the wetlands in the Emaline region other places that controls the environment so those are being spoiled and this effect will basically these things will affect the water quantity and quality in rivers like like Ganga or Brahmaputra kind of things so because this is being fed from the Himalaya and not only that wetland so anyway is talking about basically it is not only in the Malayan other places also it is almost people have swallowed the wetlands and they have taken for their habitats and other thing and those are the points we need to protect this would be actually according to me he malice would be no-man's land nobody should go there should be protected there only because then only it can really preserve the originality and we can have that so what is important is that in this country we are endowed with natural resources and they are the players who maintained the balance in the ecology and we need to protect them and like in ancienne time we are we are having rules and regulation if you go to the Arthas aster another thing that you will find there is a reserve the reasons which where people don't enter so we know that burning of fossil fuels is causing a lot of pollutions you know in our city and also the other areas where the power plant being installed we know we are having punky power station in Kanpur how much dust level how much carbon dioxide another thing we emit and then we that creates a lot of problems in you know and in around displaces so if you look at as a result this is there is the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide that carbon dioxide is basically a greenhouse gas which is increasing if you look at these are the points that these are the experimental points and this pink color is the prediction it is going it was basically it was increasing at a very smaller rate for an 1750 to 1950 because 1750 is taken as a datum because that is the Industrial Revolution what started in Western countries and then it is increasing 1950 or maybe around that increase at a very faster rate and today if you look at it has cross the 400 marks if you look at the data November 21st 2016 this is 4 0 3 0.5 4 ppm and it is quite high and if it will go above let's say 450 maybe another 30 40 years or 50 years we'll be in deep trouble because like it will be causing a lot of problem this all there may be lot of you know death and then there is a imbalance and it will go somewhere we do not know so therefore one has to be very careful about that and and all these thing we are doing because of the power we have got from the modern technology and the science and we are misusing it amusing it so if you look at what are the causes of this problem this problem is basically as I told excess exploitation of Natural Resources by man armed with the power of modern science and technology is it this is this is the only cause or is there any other cause can anybody tell me what are the other causes this is one cause we know like because if the technology could have not there or if the man could have not having the power to understand the physical laws and the nature they could have not done that but is it the only cause for these problems what we are facing or is there any other causes any idea so if you look at it is not that the science or technology are responsible it is the philosophy of the science and technology that is very important is the cause why because if you look at we believe that we are a part of Mother Nature but the modern scientist like Baker a Darius who are the profound they started talking about that they want to we know what the nature armed with the science and technology how can it possible because we are a part of the nature so if if suppose for example I am a part of it my hand is a part of it can my hand we know earth my bog entire body certainly know it is foolishness so therefore the philosophy of that they want to we know where the nature is wrong similarly how can i when i'm a subset of the whole set we will be winning over swallowing it no and not possible and if you do that you will be facing the similar problems so wrong philosophy of life what for we are and whether we are being consuming the product and past and leaving a life like animal running from pillar to post from the morning to night even we won't sleep in the night if are doing work so then we do not know what is the objective of life what is the philosophy of human life human life is very important because human is unique animal in the entire what you call animal systems and there are living beings society today control by the greedy market forces today our life is being controlled by them what kind of thought I'll wear what kind of shoes I'll wear what food I will take what are the things we get swayed by them as a result we also they control our health right so help and they want to grab our wealth so therefore we are in trip trouble and we don't have our own thinking they are making us busy from morning till the late night so that you don't have time to think and you become cease to be a human being unless you think yourself what you are doing you are not a human being because man is the thinking animal by Nature so therefore we cease to be and we are being made ourself busy for getting them to be satisfied their greedy nature so a lack of leadership with proper reason who will tell the leaders today are not leader their managers that is the difference between manager and leaders so leaders should have a reason not that micromanage and what is to be done what not to be done so therefore we are lacking in leadership not only in country like India but act as the globe and that is the intellectual bankruptcy people are not thinking if they are not thinking they don't have ideas they will just follow us they are not idea generators rather in other words they are not creative in nature as I told earlier man is a creative creator by nature unless you be creative he cannot enjoy the life so therefore he cannot come up so a degradation of human value system and when you are becoming human human being then value come into picture animal won't be having value right so therefore that we are not leaving a proper human life or humanity is at stake therefore we cannot have a good value system so wrong intestinal method the way we are being educated the way we the way we are being taught is not the right way of doing so therefore whole problems are tantamount to that so and on the top of it lack of spirituality spirituality is the natural state and which we have forgotten in the name of development in the name of modernity so therefore these are the very important causes of the problems so therefore if you look at these are the causes a problem they know what are the solution and we are now trying to answer the question why we need to look at and see in science and technology and how to go about it I have already identified the problems we need to find out solution so we will stop over here and we look at in the next lecture thank you [Music] [Music] [Music]