澳洲人的祖先是從哪裏來的？為甚麼被當做天生的罪犯？為甚麼最初選擇的是悉尼？ | S1南十字星篇

We mentioned in the first episode that the Dutch had already arrived at this southern land as early as the early 17th century although the colonial mindset at the time was more short-sighted Gold and silver are the greatest driving forces No one wants to start from scratch on an endless wasteland So how did Australia later develop Let's start by talking about a system from that time In 17th century England the ruling class had a naive idea they believed all criminal behavior They are all caused by innate defects Regardless of the severity of their crimes Such personalities cannot be changed by later experiences As long as they are separated from the general population Crime rates can be completely reduced Even eliminating poverty Build a kind and prosperous nation Prisons are certainly a good method However they come with high costs Thus the blood penalty law emerged and lasted for over 200 years That is to say the criminal law became extremely severe More than 200 types of crimes can be sentenced to death such as cutting down trees forging theft of cattle and sheep etc but this also comes with more public resentment and fear As Britain's colonies continued to expand the government began to realize that sending criminals overseas not only could solve domestic social issues but also increase the labor force in the colonies And to prevent other countries from competing for land in a way this is similar to China's secondary distribution system where those not deserving of death are exiled to the frontier It served both as a labor force and military strength so the United States became the best choice at the time until the independence movement broke out in 1775 This transatlantic population movement had to be halted at the same time the Industrial Revolution was erupting in Britain as large numbers of rural people moved into cities leading to a sharp increase in crime rates Britain's prisons suddenly became overcrowded even the large number of abandoned ships parked by the sea became floating prisons so the government had to consider establishing a new place of exile Australia which was recently occupied seems quite good but it's a bit far away After more than a decade of preparation It was not until 1787 that this new transportation route was finally opened At that time just stealing a loaf of bread was enough You could get a one-way ticket to Australia Today sounds somewhat beautiful But at that time it was full of dangers Because the exiled people had to be kept in The deck without lighting and ventilation has extremely poor hygiene conditions and is accompanied by huge waves and even the risk of fire and the entire journey takes at least four months Whether or not they could make it ashore was up to their own luck January 26 1788 which is Australia's national day today The first governor Arthur Phillip Led 11 ships and thousands of soldiers and convicts to land in Sydney with a male to female ratio of 3 to 1 thus beginning human settlement in Australia The beginning of self- sufficient farming However in the second year they arrived the French Revolution broke out in 1789 Britain needed to retain a large workforce So the following decade The number of exiles arriving has been steadily decreasing averaging only a few thousand per year One of them was today's portrait of the 20-dollar bill Mary Reppy She was arrested in 1791 for theft and sentenced to seven years of exile but eventually became a shipping tycoon in Australia At this time the transport ship that had come from afar still had the identity of a relief ship had just dropped off the people and then sailed to the nearby sea to search for goldfish and seals Because in the era of the Industrial Revolution the goldfish was a treasure from head to tail the gold oil could be used as a lubricant for gears the gold paper could be used to make soap and even the goldfish bones could be used to make women's skirt linings Sealskins were mainly exported to China for fur making So whenever the colonists arrived at any sea area their first priority was to find them to easily hunt the fish It was precisely because Sydney was chosen as the first settlement So in the early days of exploring Australia these hunting activities were the main business the value created far exceeded the harvest from the colonial land As an open prison exiles either work in government agencies receive basic rations work part-time in their free time to pay for accommodation and cigarettes and alcohol Either be assigned to officers or receive food and lodging along with a salary regardless of which option is chosen those who disobey will be whipped Those who perform well have a chance to be released after serving their sentence Begin a free life Female prisoners usually engage in lighter labor The harshest punishment is to be locked in a small dark room But in terms of survival they face greater pressure many of them have to support themselves through sex work And before that they had almost all come here because of a minor theft The most severe punishment method is long-term separation from family This loneliness and loss cause many people to give up on themselves Under the influence of strong alcohol they quickly fall into despair Although they would be forced to attend religious activities the teachers also tried to convert them but the results were predictable under great mental pressure there were even a group of prisoners who wanted to escape to China At this time the Opium War had not yet broken out They had only heard that China was rich and mysterious To be able to live there was the dream of many people Moreover they believed Just keep going north and you can reach it by hiking However at that time the Blue Mountains in central Australia had not yet been opened up the roads were dangerous and so they disappeared into the jungle and became legends Today 20% of Australians are descendants of convicts but most people have long since overcome this cultural inferiority complex Because great pioneering is inevitably arduous and extraordinary If one day humans are able to colonize Mars perhaps it would also require a group of people who are either willing to make self-sacrifices Either another group of people forced into desperation