Phan Châu Trinh – Nhà Cải Cách Vĩ Đại Và Cuộc Vận Động Duy Tân Chống Pháp

Phan Chau Trinh, a great reformist and anti-French activist. You can see that Phan Chau Trinh was the one with the earliest democratic ideology among the progressive 19th and early 20th century patriots. He chose a friendly but peaceful, non-violent path, considered democracy as more important than independence, and believed that the use of law and the rule of the old could sweep away the evil of feudalism. With a passion for agriculture and agriculture, he devoted his life to his country, with a prosperous, prosperous and prosperous life. Phan Chau Trinh is worthy to be admired and followed. Phan Chau Trinh was born on September 9, 1872 in Tay Loc village, Tien Phuoc district, Tam Ky district. Today, he lives in Tam Loc commune, Phu Ninh district, Quang Nam province. His surname is Tay Ho, his last name is Hi Ma. However, in some documents, he wrote another name, Phan Chau Trinh. This was explained by the royal family of the Nguyen dynasty at that time. His last name, according to the Chinese alphabet, is in the name of Nguyen Phuc Chau, so it must be read as Chau. Later, the family reunited, using only one name, Phan Chau Trinh. Phan Chau Trinh was born in a loving family. His father was Phan Van Binh, who was a military engineer, and later participated in the Can Vuong movement in the province. He was in charge of the military salary. His mother died early, and her house was burned by the French army during the suppression of the Can Vuong movement. He had to follow his father, who taught him to write and martial arts. In 1887, Phan Van Binh was brutally murdered. Phan Chau Trinh himself had to witness his father being beheaded by the French. He was indebted to his country, he was determined to find a new way to save the country, instead of the traditional way of fighting. Phan Chau Trinh returned to his hometown, lived with his brother, Phan Van Cu, and continued to go to school. At the age of 27, he was transferred to the province and studied with Tran Quy Cap, Huynh Thuc Khan, Nguyen Dinh Hien, Phan Quang and Pham Lieu. In 1900, Phan Chau Trinh was the third candidate in Thu Thien school. The following year, the family opened a school, he was the vice principal, In 1902, he went to school in Hau Bo school, in a state of boredom, because he had to witness the increasingly clear control of the French in the Hue dynasty. During this time, the British died, so he returned to Tan, then stayed at home to teach until the end of the year 1903, when he was made the secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In Hue, he talked to many people who had new ideas, was read documents with progressive ideas, was approached with foreign progressive books. In July 1904, Phan Chau Trinh met Phan Bo Chau and the two became close friends. At the end of this year, Phan Chau Trinh took the opportunity to return to take care of his ancestors, instead of letting the British die, he resigned and returned home. Since then, he devoted himself to saving the country. Bom Ba Giang Ho found a comrade After Phan Chau Trinh resigned, together with two students, Tran Quy Cap and Huynh Thuc Khang, it was a manhood with the aim of considering the people, morale and finding a comrade. On the way, the three repeatedly met with Truong Nha Mo, Ho Ta Bang, Nguyen Hiet Chi and two sons of Nguyen Thong, Nguyen Trong Loi, Nguyen Quy Anh. After the Nam Du, Phan Chau Trinh went to Thanh Hoa province, Hanoi to meet and consult with progressive scholars, then went to the base to investigate and observe the situation. But he saw that this trend could not exist for a long time. In 1906, he secretly went to Guangdong, China to meet Phan Bo Chau, exchange ideas and then go to Japan to contact many politicians here, including Luong Khai Siu and consider the purpose of this visit. Phan Chau Trinh was the person who clearly saw the disadvantages of human beings and Vietnamese society at that time. He claimed to have to change from the root by increasing the intellectual and moral level of Vietnamese people, develop cultural economy, learn the progressive ideas of the West, give up the tradition of colonization. He said that Vietnam must develop economy and education to self-reliance, integrate into the civilized world and then should seek independence, should not ask for foreign help, use violence to gain independence as the idea of Phan Bo Chau. Phong Trao Duy Tan To realize his idea, he organized Phong Trao Duy Tan and wrote a petition to the French colonial government in the East Sea to ask them to make reforms. In the summer of 1906, Phan Chau Trinh returned to Vietnam. His first job was to send a letter to the French government to ask the French colonial government to change their attitude towards Vietnamese people and change their policy to help Vietnamese people step up to the throne. Then, with the inspiration of self-reliance and human rights, Phan Chau Trinh and Huynh Thuc Khan, Tran Quy Cap, traveled to Quang Nam province and nearby provinces to organize Duy Tan. The slogan of Phong Trao at that time was to open the people's mind, support the people's spirit, and support the people's livelihood. Phong Trao Duy Tan's way of life was to be non-violent, to open up the people, to educate the public, to reform all fields. In a short time, a new cultural revolution took place in Quang Nam, then spread to the Central and the whole country. About education, the Duy Tan family carried out a series of courses from the old school. In Quang Nam, there are more than 40 new schools that have been opened. There are hundreds of students attracted by the language school. Among them, there are many girls. All schools are open to the public, teachers teach, not according to the old rules, but there are new subjects such as science, natural science, history, Vietnamese geography, and the world. Students are also taught French, Japanese, physical education, martial arts, and many other subjects. About economy, Phan Chau Trinh and the Duy Tan family founded a new school team to do farming, planting, farming, business, and then organized trade fairs, companies in Hong Kong, Hoi An, Hue, Nghe An, Phan Thiet. However, only the Duy Tan family has existed till today, became the most long-lasting company in Vietnam. Many new ideas about business have been popular. It includes the risk-taking, not keeping money hidden, and to save money. The money had to be circulated, to fund four companies, to learn about telecommunications and to know how to use a machine. The way of life of the Yishun people was to cut their hair short, wear Western clothes, and learn the customs. These things were considered as a new way for the people to improve. The haircut here is to cut off this part, the long part. At that time, the people and the South Korean government called those who cut their hair short to cut their hair short. In July 1907, Phan Chau Trinh was invited to Hanoi to take part in the 2nd month performance at Dongkin Arts Center. The idea of ​​recording came to the people through poetry and literature. The anti-tax movement in the Middle Ages and the first imprisonment. At the same time in the Middle Ages, tax was heavy, and the people had the right to salt and wine. In that context, the Yishun movement became more and more developed and led to the anti-tax struggle to reduce taxes, which was very intense in many central provinces. In the beginning, the protestors did not carry weapons, did not use violence, just persisted in demanding the reduction of taxes. But gradually, the movement became a confrontation between the poor and the ruling class. The fierce confrontation between the protestors could not be contained. The uprising of the middle class for a long time devastated the ruling class in many places. To calm down, the ruling class sent soldiers to go around arresting and shooting short-haired people. They also issued an order to disband associations and close schools formed from the Yishun movement. At the end of May 1908, the anti-tax movement in the Central was cut off. Many people in the movement were sentenced to death, such as Tran Quy Cap, Le Khiet, Nguyen Ba Loan, Ong Ich Duong, Trinh Khac Lap, Nguyen Han Chi. Hundreds of people were exiled including Phan Chau Trinh, Huynh Thuc Kham, Phan Thuc Nguyen, Tran Cao Van, Dang Nguyen Can, Ngo Duc Ke. Hundreds of others were exiled to Lao Bao, Quang Tri. At that time, Phan Chau Trinh was arrested in Hanoi and sent back to Hue. The Hue and Nam Trieu Provincial Court wanted to sentence him to death, but thanks to the intervention of the French with good will and the representatives of the Human Rights Council in Hanoi, they were forced to sentence him to death in Lưu Tam Thiên Lý, Ngộ Xá Bất Nguyên. He was sentenced to 3,000 years in prison and never returned. He was exiled on April 4, 1908. Thanks to the public opinion and the movement of the Human Rights Council in France, in the early summer of 1910, the South Korean president, under the order of the East Sea Power, went to Cologne to interview Phan Chau Trinh. In August of that year, he was brought back to the country. In Saigon, a court of appeals for him to be pardoned but forced him to go to My Tho. Here, he wrote many poems about the characters of the South Korean age. Go to France and go to jail for the second time. Because he couldn't do anything, he wrote letters to the East Sea Power asking for him to go to France or return to Cologne. He definitely didn't want to be imprisoned in My Tho anymore. Therefore, he had an appointment on October 31, 1908 of the French government to set up a group to teach Korean in France. In 1911, the East Sea Power sent a group of East Sea educators to France, including Phan Chau Trinh and his son Phan Chau Nhat. His first visit to France was to give the Human Rights Council a document on the suppression of the French people who resisted tax evasion in the Middle Ages. In 1908, the Middle Ages was called the Age of Transformation. Later, he even accused the prisoners in Cologne of being treated badly. He also had many contacts with high-ranking figures in the Ministry of the Interior with Albert Sarrot, who was about to take over the East Sea Power to carry out projects to reform Vietnam's political system The First World War broke out and the French authorities wanted to kill Phan Chau Trinh and his lawyer Phan Van Truong so they called on the two of them to join the army. However, the two opposed because they were not French citizens. A few months later, the authorities accused the two of being spies of Germany and arrested them in September 1914. Phan Chau Trinh was arrested and sent to Vietnam where he was cut off from his education. He also lost his scholarship and had to study and work. His wife, Le Thi Thi, passed away in her hometown on May 12, 1914. In July 1915, the French authorities had to release the two of them On June 19, 1919, Phan Chau Trinh and Phan Van Truong signed an agreement to give Phan Chau Trinh and Phan Van Truong a copy of the People's Book of Annam to the Vexay Conference in the name of the United Nations. In 1922, when King Khai Dinh went to France to hold the Marseillaise, he wrote a long letter condemning King Khai Dinh for seven things commonly known as Thất Điều Trần or Thư Thất Điều. Seeing that his activities in France did not yield any results, he repeatedly asked the French government to let him return to his hometown but was not accepted. Until 1925, when his health deteriorated, the French authorities allowed him to return to the country. Around this time, he wrote the poem Đông Dương Chính Trị Luận Lệ Quốc Tan Trái Phép Danh Cho Người Chí Sĩ Yêu Nước On May 29, 1925, Phan Chau Trinh and his young friend Nguyễn An Ninh got off the ship and left France. On June 26, the same year, they returned to Saigon. Although sick, Phan Chau Trinh still tried to narrate two more themes as morality and East-West logic, militarism and humanism. These two poems had a significant impact on the young generation in Saigon. Monks from all over the country were returning to Phan Chau Trinh's hometown. While Phan Chau Trinh was in the hospital, Nguyễn An Ninh secretly visited the French government on March 24, 1926, making him depressed and seriously ill. That night at 9.30 pm, he passed away at Chieu Nam Lou hotel and was buried at Ba Hue Lou No. 54, Pelerin Street, Saigon, at the age of 54. Phan Chau Trinh's last words were that the independence of his people would have the right to love the country. A committee responsible for the funeral was established, including many famous intellectuals from all over the country. On April 4, 1926, Phan Chau Trinh's body was taken to Nghia Trang. From Tơ Mơ Sáng, people from all over the city and the surrounding areas came to Pelerin Street for the funeral. At the same time, people from all over the country came to Phong Trao for the funeral of Phan Chau Trinh, the youngest student in the world. Nguyen Ai Quoc, who is now in China, closely followed this special event and wrote in the 21st International Letter in 1926 as follows. 30,000 Vietnamese people from all over the South Pole came to Pelerin Street for the funeral of Phan Chau Trinh, All students were buried. In another letter, on March 5, 1930, Nguyen Ai Quoc commented that Vietnamese people have never seen such a big event in history. A report by the French Secret Service had to admit that this was a great force that had never happened before. In 1930, the Association of Loyalty and Family built the Phan Chau Trinh Temple at Gallimaud Street, now No. 23, Nguyen Huy Tu Street, in Da Kao Ward, District 1. In 1993, this temple was demolished to build a new one next to the grave of the late Phan Chau Trinh located at No. 9, Phan Thuc Duyen Street, Ward 4, Tan Binh District, near Tan Son Nhat Airport. At first, the grave was quite small, but now it has been renovated to look like a large grave house with a sun roof, stone chairs for rest, convenient for visitors. Thank you for watching the video. Don't forget to click the subscribe button below and watch more videos to support the group.