Alberobello (versione italiana) - Puglia [Siti tutelati dall'Unesco]

[Music] Albero Bello stands on two hilly reliefs formerly separated by the bed of a river. The surrounding agricultural landscape is a synthesis of the historical events that have marked this [Music] land. The urban agglomeration is divided into two Rioni Monti and Aia Piccola, both national monuments the most tourist part of Albero Bello is represented by Monti il ​​Rione on the slope in front of the center of the new city this incredible district boasts over 1000 Trulli arranged along its picturesque downhill streets paved with local stone Albero Bello is universally known as the capital of the Trulli The Trullo, a building with a cone roof without the use of mortar, is a fascinating architectural feature of this part of Puglia. The trulli are small homes built with local limestone and are characterized by the typical cone roof and walls. dry stone on the external top of the cone we can admire very ancient Pagan and Christian symbols drawn with lime, they were symbols with magical and propitiatory power all facing the greatest divinity, the sun. Since ancient times, the Trullo buildings in the Salento area and to a greater extent in the province of Bari they were used for multiple uses according to the area in which Selva and Albero Bello stood, small fiefdoms under the control of the counts of Acqua Viva were able to start building dry-stone houses, that is, without the use of bricks and Malta only after freeing itself from feudal control did the presence of man on the hills of the Murge and in the woods of the Selva date back to remote times. Over the centuries, this territory has favored the development and evolution of stone buildings, here in fact the earth's crust it is characterized by a layer of rock of limestone origin which flakes into flat slabs of different thicknesses the term tolos designating the domes found in the Mycenaean tomb of vapio in the Peloponnese the Byzantine term tullos and the more recent Latin Turris all indicate a circular construction [Music] dome the exterior of the building was covered with flaky limestone stones known as chiancole, they were arranged in overlapping rows to form scales interspersed with joints and descended inclined towards the outside [Music] along the main street we find the trulli used as a shop displaying souvenirs or local craftsmanship from the working of iron or olive wood to the working of stone and the production of the typical new wine the trulli are an extraordinary example of human ingenuity and its ability to are a demonstration of how man was able to settle even in a place where it was forbidden to build houses except for temporary shelters and where the only material available was [Music] stone. Here stands a Trullo church that dominates the entire panorama below the church of Sant'Antonio [Musica] the facade is divided into three bodies on the central body we can admire the rose window while on the lateral ones two arched windows the cone dome It rises up to 21 m this enchanting whitewashed church has a bell tower also covered in Trullo [Music] the construction works of the church of Sant'Antonio began in 1926 by the art master Martino De Leonardis the Romanesque style church reflects the typical and picturesque architecture of the trulli the main dome is formed by a tall trullo with two small trulli on the sides, a fourth trullo dome covers the bell tower [Music] the church entirely in the shape of a Greek cross houses noteworthy works of art such as the bas-reliefs depicting the virtues of Saint Anthony and some frescoes by Adolfo Rollo [Music] The construction of a trullo began with the excavation of a tank in the rock wall. This tank which was equivalent to a room 5 m deep and with a diameter of 3 m was essential to be able to collect rainwater for domestic use which came down from the roof of the trulli after the covering of the Vault the foundations were dug around a base of approximately 3 m subsequently the stones were laid to cover the perimeter of the base which always had a quadrangular shape the lower part of the Trullo was composed of walls approximately 2 m high perpendicular inside to outside instead They were slightly inclined almost to form the surrounding walls typical of military constructions [Music] in the Monti district it is possible to admire the Siamese trullo called so because it belonged to two Siamese brothers it is a ancient double Trullo with elliptical base without windows and surrounded by a buttress wall [Music] the history of Albero Bello is that of a small community of farmers who, starting from the end of the 1st century, began to develop for two centuries without however enjoying of any legal recognition, in reality local historians tell of the existence already in the 15th century of a primitive nucleus of almost 40 small circular dwellings with conical roofs, they are described as dwellings scattered around a wooded area and are almost certainly the prototypes of the typical buildings which we find since very ancient times in the so-called Silva Harbor belly [Music] the year 1654 marks a crucial date for the birth of Albero Bello in that year. In fact, following a complaint by the Duke of Martina, the count of Acquaviva was obliged to present valid justifications for the illegal residences that stood in Albero Bello before the royal court of justice, the count, having learned of a royal inspection, ordered the immediate abolishment of most of the Trulli that existed at that time and had ordered the inhabitants to move away into the woods, the investigation concluded positively for the count who called the settlers back and authorized them to rebuild the trulli dry, that is, he strictly prohibited the use of mortar and any other real building material [Music] the second district where the trulli are located is Aia Piccola. The third district is very different and is less frequented by tourists. The Aia Piccola district owes its name to a vast clearing which in the past was used during threshing of wheat. The district which is located in the south-east area of ​​Albero Bello it has 400 Trulli, almost all of which are private homes, the area evokes the ancient medieval village [Music] the trulli, emblems of the history of this part of the country and of its past poverty, are today the best symbols of the economic and cultural strength achieved, the specialized restoration techniques used respecting the architectural authenticity of the place, they left the trulli perfectly habitable, preserving their character as living examples of bio-architecture in action [Music] according to a first interpretation given by the local historian Giuseppe Notarnicola the origin of the name Albero Bello derives from the Latin Harbor belly or war tree to indicate a tree near where a war event or an act of arms occurred, the interpretation given by Pietro Lippolis is different, according to which the term Beautiful Tree derives simply from the primitive alborelli subsequently modified into Harbor belli from which Albero Bello appears to be extremely well-founded in the interpretation of the historian Giovanni Liuzzi according to which the name derives from a majestic oak that stood along today's road that connects Albero Bello to Mottola. In the past this oak was the element that marked the border between the territories of Mottola and nuts [Music] [Music] the most important building is the sovereign trullo far from the Rioni Monti and Aia piccolo it is a complex of 12 Trulli built in the first half of the 10th century The sovereign Trullo is the only example of a Trullo two-storey The Monti and Aia Piccola districts were recognized as national monuments in 1900 and the sovereign trullo in 1930. UNESCO declared the trulli a world heritage site in 1996 recognizing their universal cultural value [Music] The Trullo built for the family built around 1780 it was assigned as an oratory to the brotherhood of the 18 for a long period it preserved the relics of the medical saints Cosmas and Damian, patrons of Albero Bello. Today it is open to the public and hosts the most important cultural events of the city. The large door on the facade has a pointed arch of typical Hellenistic style surmounted by a lunette with a crucifix inside the hall is the room of the house and is the one that most distinguishes the sovereign trullo from the other Trulli here instead of the usual wooden attic we find a cross vault entirely made of stone supported by a system of four Romanesque arches placed against the two main walls, the oldest rooms represent the first residential nucleus in Trulli around which the rest of the sovereign Trullo was then built [Music] the kitchen is a rectangular space which expands further Thanks to the openings that connect it with the internal CTE garden in an extraordinary integration of architectural lines and natural colours, the bedroom is the smallest but perhaps the one that most evokes suggestions and memories between reality and legend at the time of the bandits [ Music] The museum is located in the center of Albero Bello within a complex of contiguous and communicating Trulli that are decidedly surprising and of great historical and architectural importance. These Trulli were once the home of a local family [Music] the museum of the territory of Albero Bello is located in a place of great cultural and environmental importance, the Murgia dei Trulli and Grotte is the largest complex of contiguous and communicating Trulli [Music] 15 the local museum has given rise to a series of well-known historical and cultural activities organized with the main protagonists the museum and the [Music] exhibitions the museum center was born from the desire to preserve and narrate the history of the territorial area of ​​the Trulli district recognized by UNESCO as an artistic and historical heritage of world interest [Music] The museum is designed as a showcase for tools and artefacts relating to the history, traditions and folklore of the Mur dei Trulli territory as well as being a host venue for exhibitions and temporary exhibitions of figurative arts but also an example of the dry construction tradition of the Trulli in the domestic furnishings section they are exhibited objects of common use in 19th century rural houses in Alberobello the complex purchased by the Municipality of Alberobello in 1986 was entirely restored in the 90s and brought back to its original splendor [Music] at Alberobello it is possible to find ancient Trulli to restore the structure traditional housing is roughly the same once you cross the threshold you enter a first room, the largest room in the house where the family spent most of the day [Music] the main square Piazza del Popolo is a pleasant Open Space Where is the Basilica of the [Music] city located? The Basilica of Saints Medici Cosma and Damiano was built in 1609 by the Vassals of Selva in an agricultural area. The neoclassical façade dates back to 1800. The building was completed in the following years. Based on the project originally by the eclectic local architect Antonio [Music] Curri, the basilica has an imposing façade full of sculptures and is decorated in a simple way with columns and elegant capitals. It is flanked by two bell towers [Music] [Music] the monumental entrance is preceded from a churchyard with 17 steps the portal is the work of the artist Adolfo Rollo and depicts a famous page of the Gospel the Beatitudes [Music] the Roman Catholic religion is the main belief of the Italians 85 of the native population In fact it is Catholic Christian in Italy Religion is a widespread and omnipresent force. We cannot know the true nature of this country or its inhabitants if we do not understand the role that faith plays in the lives of Italians. In Italy there are Christian holy places that have been venerated for centuries even in Pagan era countless Italian churches were built on ancient Roman temples or starting from sanctuaries of ancient mystery religions such as Mithraism the internal decorations are modern and priests who in recent times administered the church in the sanctuary are worth focusing on some frescoes and paintings on the bas-reliefs on the main altar. In numerous chapels decorated with statues and sculptures and in the [Musica] choir it is possible to admire two wooden statues depicting the two patron saints of the [Musica] city, the devotion to Saints Cosmas and Damian is deeply felt in Puglia Brings many inhabitants to go on pilgrimage to this sanctuary from nearby towns, particularly in the months of September and October. Saints Cosmas and Damian were imprisoned by the enemies of Christianity and beheaded in 1785. Endo Petta, vicar of Albero Bello, brought the remains of the two martyrs to Rome, a fragment of the head of San Cosmas and part of the forearm of San Damiano are preserved in a reliquary inside the Sanctuary. This structure known as the Casa d'Amore represents a real technical construction passage From the first houses to Trullo to the homes symbolizes the liberation of the inhabitants of Albero Bello from the tyrannical feudal power declared a National monument in 1930 and restored in 1951. The Casa d'Amore today hosts numerous art exhibitions [Music] in the capital of the Trulli the two main districts of the historic town are entirely made up of Trulli grouped and aligned along the steep and windy streets that lead to the hill [Music]