Mesopotamian Civilization | All you need to know | Hindi

Hello students, my name is Shruti and in this video we are going to discuss the Mesopotamian civilization. This is the oldest civilization in the world and there are four civilizations. There are many bronzes of this civilization which are considered to be very developed. Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Harappan and Chinese. So, this is one of those civilizations and we are going to discuss all the important things about this civilization, all their achievements and all the things that come to mind as soon as you take the name of this civilization. We are going to discuss all that in this video. Overall, this topic will be clear to you comprehensively here, it will be clear in short, there is not much detailed video, but if you are doing a detailed video, then you will get to know all the important things about this civilization. So, let's start from here, what is the meaning of this civilization? What is the meaning of Mesopotamia? So, see, the first thing is that land between the rivers, Mesopotamia means land between the rivers and you know that all the civilizations that have happened before have happened near the water. What is the reason? So, see, the first reason is irrigation. When the crops there get water, then what is the primary activity of irrigation? Agriculture is a primary activity, cultivation is a primary activity and if animals are also raised, then they need water, right? And at that time, they are considered to be a very developed civilization at that time. So, the land between the rivers, what used to happen is that your civilization used to be near the river, but this civilization was between two rivers. Now, how was it? See, which were those two rivers? So, that was your Tigris and Euphrates rivers. So, let's discuss an image here, see you people here, this is your Middle East. Now, if you have a clear map of Saudi Arabia, then let me give you a little idea, like if you have India here, then here is Pakistan, here is Afghanistan, here is Iran, and here is your area, this is the area of Saudi Arabia, and here is your Iran, Syria, then from here you people have a little bit of Turkey, then up here are your European countries, okay, if you are here in China, then I think it is not so big, but we are going to talk about this area, okay, we have zoomed this area here, okay, now see here, this is Iraq, and in Iraq, this Mesopotamia and the two rivers that you see here, this is your Euphrates and Tigris, so this is your Euphrates and this is your Tigris River, so you have cleared up to here, this is Saudi Arabia, and this civilization was in Iran, that is, it was spread in your area in this way, okay, now see next, that in Mesopotamia, like four main regions are told to you, like the first is Sumer, which is said to be the Babylonia, and Akkad was the middle region, and Assyria was your northernmost region, see how it will be clear here, see this is your Euphrates and Tigris, again the river is going in this way, okay, and here your Babylonia will be Assyria, Akkad will also be here, and Sumer will be here, so this is the middle place, this is the northernmost and this is the southernmost, so this is your region, the region is also clear to you, okay, I have tried my best, here you must have felt that once you see something in visual or image form, then you remember it, you remember it for a long time, you will listen and just remember the writing, it is better than that, okay, and history itself is very interesting, now here next is our Hammurabi, it is very important to know about Hammurabi, he was around 2100 BC, it is written here, okay, so he was around it, and he is considered to be the greatest Babylonian ruler, so if you ever remember the name of Hammurabi in any exam, then remember that he was the greatest Babylonian ruler and he was in 2100 BC, okay, now this civilization was, yes, this civilization's timeline, I forgot to tell you, okay, so see this civilization has been around 4000 BC, that is, it has been around 6000 years from today to the 6th century BC, okay, 5, 8, 91, 81, something like this is written, but this civilization has been around till the 6th century BC, okay, now see here, I will put it in the intro at the beginning, when I edit it, okay, now see united the whole of what is now called Iraq, so I told you that Iraq, sorry, yes, this is your Iraq, this is your Iraq, and what did they do to this whole Iraq, they united it, okay, and Hammurabi gave the code of laws, now the code of laws, there are about 281 such something laws in it, and those laws, children of that time, students of that time, most of what is called, this writing has been written to Lendi, so it is considered, and to govern his empire or his region, he had made this code of laws, and there were courts in it, there were judges in it, so you can think that 6000 years ago, this kind of development, this kind of thinking, it compels us to read about these civilizations, even today, if you go to the village, you do not know about all these judges, so you can think about what would have been the mental development of that time, okay, now how were their laws, like that, about every aspect of life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, you know, tit for tat, strict laws would have been there, it is according to this, and you can see this, this Babylon's king, Hammurabi code of laws, so it has been written in this way, now next is your Hittites, who came from Asia minor, which is Turkey, I had shown you Turkey here, let me show you again, here, so here I had told you about Turkey, so this Turkey, this Hittites came from here, and it destroyed the Babylonian kingdom, and it became the first that started using horses regularly, okay, in the war, and started making iron implements, because it was a bronze age civilization, students, after this, the potter's wheel, what does potter's wheel mean, that to make an item of clay, there is such a wheel, you can see, you all know about potter's wheel, so the beginning of that, the invention of that, we know, what is the most important thing in humans, there is someone to teach us, this is the most important thing in us, here you will see the animals, the nature has given them, when they are born, their parents teach them as much as they can, they teach the basic life things, but we have the history of 6000 years ago, its history is available, that is our special thing, of humans, okay, so this is called potter's wheel, which was used here for the first time, it was used in Mesopotamia, so you can understand the importance of this too, and the use of glassware, first of all, they must have used it, and after this, and Sumerians, they have evolved the proper system of writing too, proper system of writing, and this is called cuneiform, what is cuneiform, students, it is a plant of reed type, which has an edge-shaped like this, see, it has to be written like this, and it is written like this, you can see here, it is written like this, and it is written like this, in cuneiform script, first there was pictograph, then cuneiform came, and when it was invented, you remember this in 3400 BC, it is very important, and it was written on clay tablets, so let me tell you about clay tablets, if you know, you can skip 20-30 seconds, so what are clay tablets, students, see, here you can see, it is something like soil, if you have seen Mohenjo-daro movie, then you must have seen some clay in it, you must have noticed that scene, what happens is, clay is taken, soil is taken, and by making a mark on it in this way, or they must have had something already, now see here, they used to make a mark from that plant, dry it in the sun, and then used it, it had different uses, like to send a message to someone, or like today we use paper, today we write everything digitally, but at that time, everything was the same, and if someone has to send goods, or if someone is trading, then all those things were used here, for writing, after this, cuneiform script, what is the meaning of deciphering it, that you can understand it in normal language, deciphering cuneiform script, so who was he, Henry Rawlinson did this work, you will remember his name, Henry Rawlinson, after this, now your mesopotamian system of counting, what is it called, it is called sexagesimal, why, because the mesopotamian people used to count in 60s, like, how we count, we count in 10s, we do decimal system, they used to count in 60s, it means, now see, in today's time, this system is not in use, but still, you will see, you must have asked your parents, that see, we see from 1 to 100, but why the timing is not from 1 to 100 minutes, why is it 1 hour for 60 minutes, okay, why is it 1 minute for 60 seconds, what is the reason for this, so now see this, after this, see here, last is yours, if we talk about astronomy, then the astronomy which the Mesopotamian children believed in, and we get to see their astonishing progress, they used to calculate the length of day and night, and they divided the whole day into 24 hours, which we still use today, students, they divided the sky into 12 parts, and they named it, which we use today, 12 signs of Judaic, which we also call Rashi's in India, and another remarkable achievement of Mesopotamians is lunar calendar, which is based on moon, so all this is clear about Mesopotamia, some things can happen, that you discover more about Mesopotamia in the future, and some things may have been missed here, so you will read it slowly, but the most important things about Mesopotamian civilization, I have tried to cover, thank you so much for watching, bye.