Number electrons and orbitals in each Electron Shell

Welcome to MooMooMath and Science. In this video let's go over how many electrons each electron energy shell can hold and then we'll talk about orbitals and how you come up with this number. Okay the electron energy shells can be numbered one or named one or two ways. They can be numbered one through seven based on their principal quantum number or they can use alphabetical notation k through q. Next within the energy shell you have orbitals. The electrons don't go around the nucleus like it looks like in this picture like planets around the sun but instead they go in orbitals and each shell has so many orbitals and the orbitals are s p d f. Technically there is a g and an h but there's no non-element that has electrons in these although in theory they exist and if you'll notice they go up so with the s orbital you have two electrons and that's kind of its shape. Then it goes up by four. The p actually has three orbitals that hold two electrons for a total of six. D notice how it goes up by four has five orbitals with two electrons each for a total of 10 and then f has seven orbitals and each can hold two for a total of 14. Now once we know this so you have shells and then you have orbitals. Okay first there is a formula that you can use to figure out how many electrons each shell uses and it's two times n squared and n is the principal quantum number so I'll talk about that and then there's another way using the orbitals so let's get started on that. Okay now let's take a look at two ways that you can figure out how many electrons each energy shell can hold. The first you can use the formula two times n squared and n is the principal quantum number or if you'd like it's just the shell number. So I've worked out each of these in the first example we have two times one squared which is two times one which is equal to two and the second one two squared is four two times four is eight then the third one three squared is nine two times nine is 18 this one oops I kind of messed up four squared is 16 32 and you can see the pattern here. Okay so this formula two times n squared will help you know how many electrons in each shell. Another way is is you can use the orbitals okay and the orbitals the first orbital the s orbital and it goes up s p d f g h and it goes once the s orbital holds two electrons and then the p you go up by four so that's six let's go up by four again that's 10 that's 14 that's 18 and then the last one is what is that 22 okay so okay and you may have seen this configuration you have basically you write down one through seven and then the next column you go two through seven three through seven four five six and seven the n and then it goes s then s p s p d and you go in this particular order and then when you do the electron configuration you use these lines but I'm not going to focus on using this to see how many electrons are in each shell so electron shell one you have a one s remember s holds two so you have two and the second energy level you have an s and a p so s is two p remember is six six plus two is eight and notice it's the same as if you use the formula two n square okay I'm just going to go to four notice that we have an s we have a p which is six and then we have a d and remember d is 10 when you add this together 2 plus 6 plus 10 that's 18 and it's the same as this in this last one we'll do we have a 2 then we have a 6 and then we have a 10 and then the f is 14 when you add this together we have 18 plus 14 which is equal to 32 and if you did the same thing here you would get 50 same thing here we'd go 72 and then 98 okay so again I just wanted to show you for each energy shell you can use the formula 2n squared and then also you get a little idea because remember in each shell you have different orbitals and each orbital can hold a different number of electrons and then you can use this chart to come up with the same numbers I hope that was helpful thanks for watching and remember kindness multiplies kindness be kind to someone today