Complete Ancient Indian History || Lecture 2 Vedic Civilization || UPSC CSE 2025 || Alok Ojha

The studyIQ IAS Now preparation has been made for the after-party. It's starting to get very big here. Who were making signs, Too crazy to see anything. When you don't even seem here, it's spreading. So about that, you'll have to pay. So they start multiplying. Like in Indus Valley about the Ippne Agar canal for the desinting of see For the believers, the Indian palace can also be a curse on me. The horizontal path is too big for the plants. Every year, I'm going to be a cricket coach. This is why women believe that there is a world of astrogishis's curse. Even the living were so happy that the woman had gone And bring it to the car to grow on The Indians will take the person's dictation. The heart of the country is like a sea of ice. India is taking you away. The most important thing is to be a good person. A full one after a statue which is being hung After seeing life here, here's no sharch. Here are the stakes after the big knowledge. And the most knowledgeable of the people. You have taught the greenhouse. It will be the first time there will be a need for a sherpa. They need housekeepers with food to look after their lives. She was known in India as Lathi Ki Isprath. And they laughed. They were going to the clergy channels, Even the Gajan, we have to thank them. And they were known for their laughter. India will be replaced by India, and then there will be a new generation. I'm going to go to the city of India. Arya does not know. Arya Janayat.i on 36 Goda Janayat does in the middle of the night, Prividyavons do war. Dravid Nadu A powerful man has gone to the dark side and a strange man has gone to the dark side. If the Andes becomes a civilization, it will be like a planet. for example, earthquake, flood, change in river course etc., Who did the Aryans subjugate? So probably, certain historians also believed that the natives of India who moved towards the southern part of India were originally also part of the Indus Valley Civilization. And this theory was first given by a German historian whose name was Max Müller. It's because Maxmuller's plan or the Aryan invasion plan has been abandoned before. What are you doing, most of the people are going to do something for your benefit. Soung Jatni also insia with Kissa Zinn you all know India the same in Khyberbad, The lion has arrived. The natives of India unable to meet their challenges moved towards the southern part of the Narmada river specifically towards a South India The people who settled in the northern part of India were referred to as Aryans The people who settled in the southern part of India were referred to as Dravidians Aryans were tall, fair-skinned Whereas Dravidians were specifically dark-skinned people And the Aryan woman is a slave of the young. Arya Muzha 36 wait for the death of the world. This spring is Aryan's decision. I'm not going to be able to get a good night's sleep. This is the reason why I am here for you. And the life of the Asian Invasion And it was to be a German operation Life is like a box of chocolates What? Now Swami Dayan is for Saraswati Aryan to go to Tabit to go Bal Gangadhar Tilgji for you Because if you find a bag of And to go to the bore suns Not going to go on a date There is a way to get rid of the smell and memory. Vedang is the Shruti and the Smriti. Ramayana and Mahabharata She is an Indian Marya Viz, Shruti and Memory. I'm going to get another one. From life to you when you die. Vedas are so much like the Vedas of Sanskrit, which are written in the Vedas. And a humble life is a life outside The Parvidya and non-scientific Why is that? This is your life as a scientist. For the use of animals Made in Bhushan When I get to the house, I'll call you. Jannah Kabir Jannah, I am taking this year's promises to Madras. Choi is, so this is my wife. This is a must keep on the Saharaavans. This is the path of education. I'm going to be a teacher. This is a school to start with. It's a way of saying that Diana will be happy. Secular and sacred Secular when the media was called by name You have to influence the video. From the porch of the house to see the memory, it is only then that you can do it. Every mother's whole proposal is the same. Maharons batting it this chamood ho upne. In memory of the famous singer I'm so excited to see you. I'm going to have some salt. You are a power. If you are able to stay You look at the food, you eat and you watch. It's memory. What's the matter? I'm a beggar She seems to be a strong woman. Let's do it, now start telling me. I'm telling you what you're doing. And a turn of events began to tell. The Rigveda, the Samveda, the Yajurveda and the Atharvaveda. You are made for a lot of pain The name of the temple is also known as the temple of the goddess of the rainbow. Even if we see a class for the Vedas, we will see a class for the Vedas. Karma path and knowledge path But your patience with your uncertainty and your patience with your patience is the way of the Balani. When the sub-humans are at their ease when the whole world is going to take over, But here she seems to be... a Brahmin because she has a game of chillaine. Yes, I'm going to cross the river. I will stay in the forest, and when I stay in the forest, I will write down certain books. And these books are referred to as Aranyakas. In the UPSC preliminary exam. You can google it, you can see the PYQs. You will come across a statement Aranyakaas are nothing but forest books, correct? are also referred to as, what Aranyakaas are referred to as book of secrets, the secrets in Hindi is referred Rahasya and we will understand in the coming lectures why it is referred to as the book of secrets. To be a scholar is to be a great appetizer Your Troy is called the " Kid of the Gorgeous " Subsidized In the sub, बहूँ does Sad inji, Apnicher o after bahune do Further Vedanta is R. Upanichadal and Heedhagunacts so Verma has done- Vedanta Why Vedanta are because Vedantr se de doga From the mouth of the river to the mouth of the river There is a record in the Vedas The following is a list of the major types of gold. We'll see if they go well. But here is the up-Veda across the spirthi And I had to do it for your sake. There is a story in the Vedas. But here, there is a story about a Vedas Here, Ved, Gand, Nuss, Ban is the name of the place. There are no Vedas here. And here is something very much on the spit Sikhs, grammarians, writers, astrologers and philosophers. A letter apologizing for what you've done, A sola sanskar and seekesh karmas and 16 karmas to go to do. You have to be prepared for the ceremony after the sacrifice. You should have stayed here? It's a lot to imagine. It's part of the Wedan. The soul is dead. And Furat Kumar has 48 Purans, 18 Mahapurbais and 36 Uppurans. And he took the Divine Shambhala and he made the Mahabharata, he saw the wall She was more than a villain, and the Mahabharata she has seen is more than a joy. The world is... it is called the mother and the mother. Ramayan and Ramcharat Banas .. has gone. Ramayan is also crying. That's the key. And also Ramcharat Banas. I was just being kind to you. He is a great man. The Khillapmufu This is the best table I can give you. To learn about the game, the glitter-eyed take the exam if you have a glimpse. I mean, when you remember me and we're watching, you'll be happy. Who is rig-wed-smirth is Magbar tak being means being Kani thag is what you want to see I'm going to find out why people like me. I know this is the path of the Vedas. through knowledge of mantras, through knowledge of shlokas, through knowledge of hymns. So Rig Veda basically means praising the deity through hymns. The entire Rig Veda is composed of 1028 hymns and 10,552 mantras. Rig Veda is also a hidden treasure. I'll also tell you at the end how. Rig Veda is basically composed of 10 mandals. It is divided into 10 books. Now, mandal 1 and mandal 10 speak about the origin of the universe. How this universe was created. How did it get destroyed? So mandalas 1 and 10 speak about the origin of the universe. Then comes mandal 2 to 7. Now mandals 2 to 7 are called as family books. Now why are they called family books? Because they were composed by the rishis of the same family. They were composed by the sages of the same family. Then comes the third mandala. Mandal 3 has been asked in UPSC exam many times. The famous Gayatri mantra which was composed by sage Vishwamitra Okay finds mention in mandal 3 of the Rig Veda. Guys, you know one thing? There is a very interesting story associated with sage Vishwamitra. Who was one of the most revered rishis or sages of ancient India. Does anyone know about this? - I know. Guys the original name of sage Vishwamitra was King Kaushik. He was a king. And once upon a time he went hunting in the jungle. And when he went hunting in the jungle. At that time he saw a hermit. A hermit of a sage Vasisht. And he saw a cow. The cow's name was Kamdhenu. He was very fascinated by the cow. And now he wanted that cow at any cost. Since he was a king he went to sage Vasisht. And respectfully and politely initially he asked sage Vasisht to submit that cow to him. Specifically Raja Kaushik. But sage Vasisht politely replied that. This cow doesn't belong to me. It belongs to the devas or the devtas or the deities. And in that case I run a gurukul here. Where I teach a lot of students. And this cow is basically used to feed those students. So I can't hand this cow over to you Raja. In that case King Kaushik got infuriated. He got very angry. He sent a lot of forces to destroy sage Vasisht and acquire that cow Kamdhenu. But sage Vasisht he had many spiritual powers due to his penance activities. In that case he, the cow, the Kamdhenu cow. It created many soldiers due to its spiritual powers to fight the forces of whom? I'm not going to tell you. And finally Raja Kaushik was defeated. Raja Kaushik then approached Vamadeva. And asked who Vasisht is? How did he acquire these spiritual powers? Then Vamadeva said that Vasisht is a Brahma Rishi. He is very close to the devtas. Very close to the deities. And he has acquired such powers because of his penance. Because of his spiritual activities that he has performed for the deities. From now on Kaushik decided to renounce his worldly life. And live the life of an ascetic. Through his penance activities he also became a specifically Brahma Rishi. And is referred to as Vishwamitra. Who composed the famous Gayatri mantra. Got the point now? So the famous Gayatri mantra narrated by sage Vishwamitra. You got it? Moving on. Then comes Mandal 10. I repeat, I'm not going to. You can find the differences of four different castes. Or the origin of the Varna system can be traced back to Purusha Sukta. Which is a part of Mandal 10 of Rigveda. Which suggests that. Every human being or for that matter every being is born from different parts of Brahma. Example. Brahman is created from the mouth of Brahma. Kshatriya is created from the shoulders of Brahma. Vaishya is created from Brahma's thighs. And Shudra is created from the feet of Brahma. So the origin of the Varna system can be traced back to Purusha Sukta. Most of the deities. Most of the gods mentioned in Rigveda. Are nature gods. As I have told you before myself. In Rigveda there are 1028 hinds. Out of this 1028 hinds. 250 hinds are dedicated to Indra. God of Strength. God of War. God of Rain. He is also referred to as Purandar. 200 hinds are dedicated to Agni. That's the God of Fire. Now I will tell you one of the significance of Agni. - I'm going now. For example, Whenever you take an Anushthan. Anushthan basically means whenever you take a vow. That I will perform these mantras for 10,000 times. - I'm not going to. Now whenever you perform that mantra. Or whenever you recite that mantra for 10,000 times. Out of 10,000 times. One tenth of the mantras should be dedicated to Agni. Why? Why? Because Agni is acting as an intermediary. Between the Yajman. Yajman basically means a person who is performing those rituals. And the deity. So that is the major significance of Agni. So 200 hinds are dedicated to Agni. Third important deity. Som. Mandal nine. As we discussed earlier. 120 hinds are dedicated to Som. Moving further. The word Gau. Because Gau had a lot of significance during the Vedic age. And the word Gau appears 176 times. In Rig Vedic hymns. And the word Ashwa. Ashwa is a Sanskrit word for horse. The word Ashwa. Appears for 315 times in Rig Vedic hymns. There are texts associated with various Vedas. And these texts are referred to as Brahmanas. So the major texts that are associated with Rig Veda are. Aitareya Brahman and Kaushtaki Brahman. Hope the points are clear, guys. I can understand. Overloaded with information. But I'll repeat it again. So that all your points get cleared. Please pay attention. I'm 100% sure of it. If you watch the video till the end. Most of your doubts will be cleared. Regarding the Vedas. I'll repeat the points again guys. Pay attention carefully. In 30 seconds I'm going to repeat the entire Rig Veda again. - I'm going to the rig. Breaking this etymology into two parts. That's Rig plus Ved. Rig basically means praising the deity through hymns. The entire Rig Veda is composed of 10 Mandals. That's divided into 10 books. Mandals 1 and 10 speak about the origin of the universe. Mandals 2 to 7 are called family books. Because they were composed by the Rishis of the same family. Mandal 9 is dedicated to Som. That's the god of plants or intoxicants. In Mandal 10 there is a part called as Purusha Sukh. Where we find the mention of caste system or Varna system for the first time. Where in it is mentioned that everyone is born out of the various body parts of Brahma. That is Brahman is born out of the mouth of Brahma. Kshatriya out of the shoulders. Vaishya out of thighs. And Shudra out of feet. The most important deities in the Rig Veda are Indra. The first important deity is Indra. That is, he is God of specifically war lord. God of the rain. Also referred to as Purandhar. 250 Haims are dedicated to Indra. - What? 200 Haim are dedicated to Agni. 120 Haims are dedicated to whom? 120 Haims are dedicated specifically to if I speak Som. God of plants or intoxicants. And in that case if we consider the most famous Mandal is Mandal 3. Which was composed by Sage Vishwamitra. Initially Raja or King Kaushik. And here we find the famous Gayatri Mantra. As I told you at the beginning, guys. That's what I'll tell you. Rig Ved is basically a treasure house. How did you do that? In Rig Ved there are different Suktas. Which mention about various aspects. Which our scientists have discovered recently. Like for example I'll give you one of the examples. In a particular Sukta in Rig Ved it is mentioned that. Before the creation of the solar system. Or before the creation of this universe. The universe or this entire system was a part of one system. And there was an explosion. Which led to the creation of multiple universes. Which led to the creation of oceanic bodies. Which led to the creation of the solar system. And what do scientists call this today? The Big Bang theory. It is mentioned in certain Sukta of Rig Ved. Second major example. In our solar system we observe that we have a heliocentric theory. What is heliocentric theory? In that case every planet revolves around the sun. The sun is at the center of every planet. This is mentioned in a particular Sukta of Rig Ved. There are so many hidden treasures in Rig Ved. We can't even imagine what it would be like. That's why you might have heard about the statement of. Bal Gangadhar Tilak Ji. I have to go. And Swami Dayanand Saraswati Ji. Swami Dayanand Saraswati Ji gave a cry. And what was that? Back to the Vedas. So the points are clear so far guys. Now moving on with Saam Ved. I hope Rig Ved is clear. Moving forward with Saam Ved. - I did it again. Break this etymology into two parts. Saaman and Ved. Saaman basically means music. And Ved as discussed earlier basically means Vidya. That is knowledge. The knowledge of music. The origin of Indian music can be traced back to Saam Ved. And the musical instrument Veena is mentioned in Saam Ved. Let's understand two important concepts. Which are part of Saam Ved. One is Stobha. And one is Stoma. I repeat Stobha and Stoma. Now what is Stobha? I'll give you one of the best examples of this. Let me give you a small example of Ramcharitmanas. For example, Ramcharitmanas is basically divided into seven parts. And one of the famous parts of it is Sundarkar. - Right? - Yes. Now after recitation of a particular stanza there is repetition of one stanza. Or there is a repetition of one statement or one shloka. And that repetition is called as Stobha. I repeat repetition of mantra is referred to as Stobha. And then comes Stoma. Now what is stoma? Stoma is basically the process for reciting the mantra mentioned in Saam Ved. Now let's understand this process. For example, if you are performing a particular yajna at your home. And you have invited 11 pundits or 11 brahmins to perform that yajna. In that case they started reciting the mantra. The initial part of the mantra would be in a low pitch. Then the middle part of the mantra would be in high pitch. After a certain point of time among those pundits or the brahmins The chief priest will recite the mantras alone. And during the end of the mantra everyone recites the mantra in a very high pitch. I repeat the mantra recitation process starts in a low pitch. Then every brahmin recites the mantra or every priest recites the mantra in a high pitch. After a certain point in time The chief priest recites that mantra alone. He repeats that mantra alone. And at the end all the priests end the mantra in a very high pitch. And this process is called a stoma. Now let me make you understand again one thing the different parts of Stoma. As I have told you before the initial part of the mantra is in low pitch. Prasthavana, what's your name? Second part of the mantra high pitch Pratihara. Then comes the chief priest repeats the mantra Upadrav. And the mantra is ended in a very high pitch by all the priests. That's called Nidhan. So these four are the part of Stoma. And what is a stoma? The process for reciting the mantra. Are the points clear? I shall repeat the points again. Stoma basically means what? Stoma basically means the repetition of a mantra. And what does stoma basically mean? The process for reciting that mantra. Again, something important. As we have discussed about the Brahmins associated with Rig Veda. Similarly there are brahmins associated with Saam Veda. And they are important from the prelim's perspective. Many times a question has been asked in the exam. These are the brahmins associated with which Veda? - I'm not going anywhere. So let's go. The first one is Panchvish. Sadvish. Tandmaha. What is it? Talwakar, what's your name? Jayminya. What's going on? These are the important brahmins associated with Saam Veda. Panchvish. And Talwakar is here. Brahmins associated with Saam Veda. I can understand guys. At first it is a little harder to remember them. But if you pay attention carefully. If you keep revising these concepts. I'm 100% sure about this. You will easily memorize them. What a wonderful statement by Vedic scholar David Frawley. What a wonderful statement. If any question arises in your UPSC means exam. Regarding Rig Veda or Saam Veda. And that's from the perspective of art and culture. Start your answer with such a beautiful statement given by David Frawley. Wonderful statement, you guys. And that statement is. If Rig Veda is a word. Saam Veda is a song. If Rig Veda is knowledge. Saam Veda is realization. And if Rig Veda is a wife. Saam Veda is the husband. I got it. I got it. I'll tell you one more fact guys. In the Bhagavad Gita. It has been directly mentioned. Krishna himself says. Saam Veda is me. In simple words. If there are four Vedas. I am Saam Veda. You are my friend. Clear guys. Any questions you have. No doubt about it. Yajurveda. I know. Again here we have a very beautiful story associated with Yajurveda. See you guys. Throughout our series of history. You will observe one pattern. We're going to follow a very simplistic pattern. That will help you guys a lot. The story. It's a fact. And the concept. Because it becomes quite easier to remember the fact and concept. When it's associated with a story. And here. We have hundreds of stories throughout ancient India. Hundreds of stories in medieval India. Which are actually interesting. And help you gain something new. Moving on to Yajurveda. Yajus and Veda. Yajus basically means Yajna. And Veda means knowledge. The performance of Yajnik sacrifices. It is mentioned in Yajurveda. Now I'll give you one of the finds. There are two stories I will tell you now. Once upon a time. King Dashrath. He was performing Ashwamedha Yajna. And when he was performing Ashwamedha Yajna. He invited seers and sages from. Various venerated seers and sages from different parts of India. All the sages were invited. Except for one sage or one Rishi. Referred to as Uddalak Rishi. Uddalak Rishi was sitting under a tree. And he observed that. Lot many sages and seers were moving in a particular direction. He had a glimpse of that scene. Now he caught one sage and asked him. Where are you guys going? He informed him that. Raja Dashrath is going to perform Ashwamedha Yajna. And he has invited all the venerated sages from different parts of India. And we are a part of that. You're not invited? He said no. Although he wasn't invited. He went. Uddalak Rishi went to the Ashwamedha Yajna. That was performed by Raja Dashrath. As he went there. He said that. Before starting the Yajna. I have two or three questions. Immediately Raja Dashrath. He fell at the feet of Rishi Uddalak. I'm really sorry for not inviting you. Because I skipped it. I had no intention of harming your spiritual powers. He said. There's nothing wrong with that. If you haven't invited me. That's not a problem. But I have two or three big questions. Now Raja Dashrath was like. We have sages from different parts of India. They're highly knowledgeable. They have achieved a lot of spiritual powers. Through their penance activity. One or the other will answer the question of Rishi Uddalak. And the questions were like, What is the soul of Yajna? The first question. Second question. What is the crux of the Yajna? The third question. What is the mouth of the Yajna? Or what is the face of the Yajna? No one could answer this question. No one. I'm going to go to the hospital. Then answer these questions. The mouth of the Yajna is Agni. Fire, fire. Second was. What is the soul of the Yajna? The soul of the Yajna is Swaha. And the third basic aspect. The third basic question was: Charity. Because at the end of the performance of this Yajna. One has to perform charitable activities. So from here on out. The Yajnik practices became more famous. Wasn't this an interesting story? Again a very important story. About these two Vedas. Is further divided into two parts. Krishna Yajurveda. And Shukla Yajurveda. It is a great place. Also called as. The black Yajurveda. It is also referred to as White Yajurveda. Every historical text. Has mentioned this. That there are two parts of Yajurveda. But none of them. Or very few texts have mentioned about. Why Krishna Yajurveda is called as Black Yajurveda. Why Shukla Yajurveda. It's called White Yajurveda. Very few texts have mentioned that. And there's a very beautiful one. And an interesting story associated with it. It's just a two-minute story. Very interesting. And all your doubts would be clear. Why it is called as Black Yajurveda. And the white Yajurveda. Pay attention to me. After compiling all the Vedas. It was believed that. Sage Vyas. He taught all the Vedas to his disciple. Sage Vyas taught all the Vedas to his disciple. And as part of the Gurukul tradition. It was a disciple's duty. To start his own school. And spread the knowledge to other people. One of the disciples was. Vaishampayan. One of the disciples of Sage Vyas was. He started his own school. And started spreading the knowledge of Vedas. To his disciple. Another disciple of Vaishampayan. It was Rishi Yajnavalakya. The initial Guru was. Vyas. Who was his disciple? And then comes the disciple of Vaishampayan Rishi. He was. Yajnavalakya. What is it? Now after a certain time. There was a curse on Rishi Vaishampayan. Of killing his nephew. And now. Rishi Vaishampayan. Wanted his disciples or students. To take that curse on him. Everyone accepted. Except for Yajnavalakya. Yajnavalakya said that. Although you are my Guru. Although you are my teacher. But this curse has been bestowed upon you. And you should bear that. I'm not going to put up with that. What we say curses. By the behavior of his student. And in that case he said that. Whatever knowledge you have attained. Give it back to me. According to various mythological scriptures. Here specifically the Vishnu Puran. It says that. Yajnavalakya Rishi was vomiting. The whole Yajurveda. And since the vomit was black in color. It is referred to as. Or the black Yajurveda. Now comes another part. This behavior. Of his Guru Vaishampayan. Created a lot of confusion. In the mind of Yajnavalakya Rishi. He wanted to get the knowledge back. That he had lost initially. Now he went to Lord Surya. The Sun God. And asked him to bestow the knowledge. Of the Vedas. Lord Surya gave him the knowledge of Yajurveda. And that is called as Shukla Yajurveda. Or white Yajurveda. Guys, what's up? I hope the story was interesting. Isn't that right? Basically, yeah. It is divided into two parts. Krishna Yajurveda and Shukla Yajurveda. Especially if we talk. There are various Vedic practices. Or various Yajnas that have been mentioned. Ashwamedha Yajna, Rajasuya Yajna, and the Vajpayya Yajna, Shruti Yajna, and the other three. Prithi Yajna, Soma Yajna. I'm going to go with you. And so on and so forth. Ashwamedha Yajna for example. If I am a soul ruler. If I am the Maharaja Dhiraj. Or if I am the Chakravartin. Chakravartin means one universal ruler of all four directions. In that case, I will perform Ashwamedha Yajna. In this Yajna, I will start the Yajnik process. I'll release a horse. And in that case, wherever The horse goes, I suppose. that the kings of that territory have accepted my suzerainty. But... If anyone stops that horse. He's ready to fight a battle with me. So why is Ashwamedha Yajna performed? So that no other ruler Or the king will stop That horse. Who finds mention in a famous Ithahasas of India, Ramayan, has performed Ashwamedha Yajna. Lord Ram, He has performed Ashwamedha Yajna. And the horse was being stopped by his own son's love and Kush. Rajasuya and Vajpayee In this case, Now, listen to me carefully. If I am a ruler of a particular territory, I have conquered another territory. In that case, The people of another territory should accept me as their new ruler. In that case, I perform Rajasuya Yajna. What is it? And Vajpayee Yajna. For example, if I am a ruler And now, If I'm going to retire, I will choose someone to take my throne. If I choose my son to assume my throne, I will perform that Yajna. Vajpayee Yajna. One of the famous movies you might have seen, guys. Bahubali 2, is that right? Moving on, Som Yajna. So, basically, it's a Yajna which is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. And, basically, You may have heard about this. Brahma, he is referred to as a creator. Vishnu, he is referred to as a Sustainer and protector of the universe. And Lord Rudra, that is Shiva, is referred to as A destroyer. So, this Som Yajna is basically a prayer to Lord Vishnu By the people to protect them, to protect their cattle, to protect them from various social evils and so on. So, these are all Yajna practices that are mentioned in Yajurveda. The Brahmans who are associated with Yajurveda are Tetareya Brahman, Maitryani Brahman, and the other two. Satapath Brahman. I repeat, Tetareya Brahman, Maitryani Brahman and And various things are also used For example, you may have seen That if you could have performed the Yajna or if you have seen a particular performance of Yajna, you might have seen that Sesame seeds are used, ghee is used, butter is used. The Sanskrit word for butter is The ghrit. Rice is used and the Sanskrit The word for rice is Tandul, Akshat or I repeat, the man is dead. Tandul, Akshat or Vrihi. Then, Specifically, you might have that there are certain seeds that have been seen are also used apart from sesame seeds. Jau, which we call The Sanskrit word is Yava. The points are also clear about Yajurveda, people. So, these are the important aspects about Rigveda, The Samveda and Yajurveda. I can understand, as I am repeating this point again, I can understand it's overloaded. With information, but guys, it's very important from the examination perspective and it is quite necessary for you guys to memorize them. I'll try to simplify them. Don't worry about it. Okay, moving on. Atharvaveda. What is it? Atharvaveda is also referred to as Atharva-Angira Veda. Now, why is it called Because it was a great book. composed by two Rishis. Atharvan Rishi and Angira's name is Rishi. Since most of this Veda was being composed by Atharvan Rishi, It's called Atharvaveda, all right. Since the major part is composed of Atharvan Rishi, it is called as Atharvaveda. The majority of the Vedic scholars do I don't think Atharvaveda is a good idea. as part of Vedic Why? Because they believe that Atharvaveda is a book on It's called black magic. That is why they believe in Vedatrayi. There are three Vedas. Rigveda, Samveda, Yajurveda. It is the only way to know. They don't consider Atharvaveda as a Vedic book. But it is also a part of Veda. It's not just a book. It also speaks to the power of black magic. I'm not sure what you're talking about. How to cure different diseases. We'll get to that part as well. Atharvaveda is basically composed of It's also 20 books. It talks about different forms of disease. What are the main causes of diseases? First is creamy. The diseases caused by viruses. The diseases caused by bacteria. The diseases caused by protozoa. For example, dengue malaria. The Corona. Creamy, then comes These are diseases caused by Vata, Pitta and Kapha. Now what are Vata, Pitta and Kapha? elements present in our body which The patient's immune system is maintained. And in that case If there is a disbalance in these elements, it will That's Dosh. I'll give you another simple example. If you visit a homeopathic doctor or if you visit an Ayurvedic Doctor, what does he speak? Vata, Pitta, Kapha, where are you? So that's nothing but Dosh. Witchcraft, black magic, that's what. Diseases caused by black magic. And then comes heredity. Heredity basically means diseases that are caused by which are passed on from generation to generation. Like for example, - anemia with sickle cell disease. It's a hereditary disease. You may have heard about night blindness. - I'm going bald. These days you may be finding various products on the Internet to cure these hereditary diseases as well as baldness. Right? as per the Atharvaveda, There are three to four major The following are the causes of disease: caused by insects, It's a virus, a bacteria. Dosh, caused by elements present in our body. Witchcraft, black magic. I know. Someone has done something wrong to you. Then comes Heredity Diseases caused by due to generation to generation. And there is a cure for these diseases. Various diseases have been mentioned and the cure of the diseases are also mentioned in Atharvaveda. Ashtibhang, bone fracture. What is it? Ashti means bone, Bhang means break. - He has a bone fracture. Taakman, the fever. Kaas, cough up. Hridayoth means heart. Hridayoth, heart failure, heart attack. - That's right. Apachit, constipation. What is it? The problem of I'm not sure what you mean. All these diseases have been mentioned in Atharvaveda. And their cure are also mentioned in Atharvaveda. Guys, can you imagine At this time, like these days We have different surgeries. You may have heard of knee replacement surgery, hip joint The following are some of the most common types of surgery: You may have heard of. And these are such expensive surgeries. At that time also There were certain Surgical practices that were prevalent. You can google it guys. There was a princess named Vishpal. At that time She had a prosthetic limb surgery. Can you imagine the surgical techniques at that time? Way back around I'm talking about around 1500 B.C. 2000 B.C. Can you imagine that? Coming further Only the truth triumphs and not the falsehood. It's part of The Mundaka Upanishad. And Mundaka Upanishad has been derived from Atharvaveda. I repeat. Finds mention in The Mundaka Upanishad which is part of And the Brahman associated with Atharvaveda are Satapath Brahman. I repeat Satapath Brahman. I hope so. Guys, the points are clear. Yes, please let me know. The four Vedas we have studied The name of the temple is Yajurveda. and Atharvaveda. We've come across three to four important stories which were quite interesting. Right, guys? That will help you a lot in memorizing the facts as well. The session is not too big. I'll take five more minutes of yours. I won't be taking much time. Five more minutes of yours. And I will complete the first part of The Vedic civilization. Now, as we have studied, Brahmans are text. So, the Brahmans associated with Rigveda Aitareya and Kaustaki are Brahman. Part of the revision. Samveda are Panchvesh and Sadvesh and Jaiminya, Tandemaha and Talwakar. Yajurveda is Taitareya, Maitrayani and others and Satapath Brahman. And the Brahman associated with Atharvaveda is Gopath Brahman. So, the point is clear? These are important, guys. The PYQs. I would like to ask you a few questions. Take a look at it. I'll give you 10 seconds. Moving on, Samhita. I'll tell you what. I will explain this concept with the help of I'll give you an example. Because examples are the best way to understand anything. - Is that right? Now, for example, during the Diwali celebrations. You are performing a puja at your home. Especially during the Lakshmi Puja. And you're calling a particular Brahmin to perform or a priest to perform that puja for you. Now, I'm going to... What will the Brahmin suggest first? The first Brahmin will suggest you What all things are required for the performance of the puja. Now he will come to your home and he will start the process. Vidhi basically means performance of I'm not going to do any rituals. Now the Brahmin, first of all, For example, if you are performing a Lakshmi Puja, He will start praising the Lord Ganesha first, Devi Saraswati and Devi Lakshmi then. He will recite the mantras for them. Then he will explain the meaning I'm not going to say anything about those mantras. After Vidhi, Arthvad. Arth means meaning. Significance. The reason behind So, Arthvad, I'm going to tell you something. Purakal. What is it? Why were these practices performed? in ancient times. He'll explain that to you. Then, Prashansa. Prashansa means praising the deity. Reciting the mantras in favor of the deity. For example, if you want money, You will praise Devi Lakshmi. You will praise Lord Ganesha. You will praise Lord Kuber. So, that is nothing but Prashansa. Ninda, this is Ninda. does not mean criticizing anyone. Ninda basically means What needs to be stopped. These days, modern astrologers, When you visit them, what do they suggest? Specifically, I believe in Lord, but I don't believe in astrology much, but you may have heard about this, That they say what these astrologers, For example, if you have a bad Saturn, do not wear Give me black clothes. charity to the poor. Do not eat anything other than that. alcohol or meat, especially on Saturdays. So, these are what? You are being prevented from doing certain That's Ninda. The censorship. You are being I stopped doing anything. Which is wrong. Ninda, Hetu, Hetu, what are you doing? The Commission has already taken a number of steps to Why are these rituals You get the point? I hope you understood the example, and With the help of examples, you understood with the six Vidhi, Arthavad, Purakalp, and the other three. Prashansa, Ninda, and finally the reasons for performing them, Hetu. So, guys, I hope so you understood the first part of the Vedas. Hope the session was interesting. Hope you liked the stories. Tomorrow, or maybe Within a few days, we'll come up with another series for Vedic Civilization Part two, please. Stick to the series because here I go to complete the entire ancient India with the help of beautiful Full of stories. And these stories are interesting as well as informative, both. So, please stick to the channel. Please subscribe to the channel, Study IQ Hi, this is Alok Hoja. I'll take your leave. A wonderful day.