Benefici e rischi del caffè

Okay Gary, ready to roll? Today's your favorite topic, coffee. And I got my own little heart study here to kick off the day. It's a miracle. So you need big one. Isn't this a little bit too much? This give you energy. You may recall an earlier video I did looking at coffee's link to living longer and expressing my deep love for the caffeine queen. Well nothing's changed on that front. I still love coffee but I've switched up my drinking patterns a lot since that time. I'll explain why as we get into the nuts and bolts of this deep dive into the benefits and risks of coffee consumption. On YouTube videos are everywhere about coffee. Coffee is good for your coffee. It's in New York so you need to say coffee. Coffee. When in Rome. Videos are bound on YouTube with titles like why I'll never drink coffee again or the seven remarkable health benefits of coffee. So which is it? Is coffee the extender of life or the hard binger of death? Well the answer is kaleidoscopic as are all the different factors we're going to look at today. From how caffeine intake correlates to heart health, brain health and brain function to how coffee rates as a drug of addiction and the unique effect it may have on children's brains. So strap yourselves in for a deep dive into coffee's risks versus benefits. Welcome to Vital Signs where we learn how to get healthy from all angles from the biochemical and nutritional to the things we do that nourish our minds and our souls. I'm Brendan Fallon. So you can see that tea and lighten that and the enough water solutions have been aided by the functional society to keep up with the drift that's been in. Coffee houses began to pop up all over London with the spread of the caffeine widespread in Europe in the 17th century. The great writers and thinkers of the day gathered in such places to discuss literature, poetry and science. The current wave is spreading itself through how coffee creates productivity. Let me go to the Nantai Company what the fever is in the war effort during World War II. They hired more than one company and the peasants were scared of leaving. They hired more than one company but only by hand to an hour because nobody got tired. So company executives put their shoes on, tied their shoes to their heads together and what we've done to get more than nine days of succession, four cups of coffee in the middle of the day. And as the legend goes, productivity increased immediately. And this leads us into the effects of drinking coffee which actually vary across species. For instance, to get your morning buzz you might go to the closest to the weather or to a busy corner cafe if you're in a busy area. But in nature, insects can only rely on the fruits and leaves of the coffee plant if they're a cafe in itself. And it isn't always a good thing for them because they could remain paralyzed or even killed by the caffeine. You heard right. Caffeine is essentially an insecticide and these plants use caffeine to protect themselves from being eaten by insects. But the effect of this neurotoxin on humans is slightly different. When we take caffeine, it stimulates the central nervous system. It dispels drowsiness, enhances attention, raises alertness and can make things more clear and agile. It depends on how our body uses energy. If you've studied biology, you'll know that the energy current of our body is adenosine triphosphate or ATP. It's used for muscle contraction, for the transfer of nerve impulses, for chemical synthesis in the body. And when that ATP molecule is broken down and releases energy, it also releases adenosine. This is where adenosine, like caffeine, has a direct connection to how tired or what we feel. While you're awake, adenosine slowly builds up in the brain and divides through the active receptors triggering chemical reactions that make you more tired. The more adenosine in the brain, the more tired you feel. This way, the more tired you feel, the longer you're awake. On the flip side, the more you're awake, the more tired you feel. While when you're asleep, the levels of adenosine decrease and when you're awake, you feel more active. Caffeine has an incredibly similar structure to that of adenosine. Once the brain binds to the receptors of adenosine, but because it's not adenosine, you don't feel tired. Because when caffeine hinders adenosine, it slows down the process of energy loss, which is so well and good. You're getting tired, but you've got to do something. Why not cut out some of that adenosine with caffeine? Well, we've all done that and it may well seem it gets us over the hump day. One thing is important to know is that there's a good reason that we feel tired. Research suggests adenosine is there to protect the brain from depletion of more sleep and the energy balance to hold it in. Dr. Daniel Ehman is a psychiatrist who's a specialized imagery who shows patients special images of different substances like marijuana, like caffeine, on the brain, This is what he said about caffeine can't swing out adenosine. The problem is adenosine is still going up. And that the adrenaline and the adenosine and that's where you start the day after. Here's why people start their day with caffeine. Why? Because they're actually taking care of sleep deprivation. And I would argue that if you eliminate caffeine, sleep will get better and energy will get better. It's a short-term effect that can cause problems in the long run. However, there's a reversal of the coin. In fact, like the A1 receptor, caffeine has long been proposed to treat memory disorders due to its effects, like a little of what's due to adenosine A1 receptors in the hippocampus and the hippocampus cortex, which are the areas mostly involved in cognition. One study used the drug for polamine also in the deltarect and in the laryngeal for criminal reasons. It certainly leads to polamine and to use memory-loss traps and to use A1 and adenosine A1 receptors which is what caffeine is to reverse the memory loss from the rats. In fact, this means, no surprise, that coffee's linked to a lower risk of getting Alzheimer's. A 2009 study analyzed 20 years earlier on 1,400 participants. Those who drank 3-5 cups of coffee daily had a lower risk of developing Alzheimer's compared to those who didn't drink coffee. In another study, caffeine was given to the rats in drinking water from a young age to an advanced age demonstrating that it prevented memory deterioration. They also showed lower brain levels of the anomaly protein amyloid beta or A beta which should contribute to Alzheimer's. After only two months of caffeine therapy the rats with cognitive deficit improved memory and brain levels of A beta. But coffee not only prevents dementia, it also has antidepressant properties. A study by the Harvard School of Public Health in 2011 on 50,000 women found that women who drank 2-3 cups of coffee a day had a lower risk of developing Alzheimer's compared to those who didn't drink coffee. Women who drank 4 cups had a 20% lower risk of developing Alzheimer's. Two years later, in another study, it was found that 2-4 cups of coffee a day lowered the general rate of suicide. Now why would this potentially influence adenosine receptors and in particular the A2A known for its interaction with the receptors for dopamine, the hormone of well-being. Research has shown that the rats that were injected with A2A receptors were less sensitive and therefore they might not get blocked. As such, it's thought that blocking the A2A receptors of adenosine, which is basically what caffeine does, could be a target for future antidepressant drugs. However, recognizing their significant or significant double function of A2A, it's seen in the role of caffeine and it's linked to the interactions with the dopamine of the body, the so-called system of well-being, that is, the potential of addiction and asphyxiation of caffeine. In this case, cocaine also acts on the dopaminergic system of the body, blocking the absorption of dopamine, thus prolonging the permanence in the extracellular space. It's thought that caffeine can have a similar effect, even if less powerful. This is one of the reasons why caffeine could create addiction. Of course, we can't equate caffeine with drugs that create addiction, such as cocaine or heroin. However, what happens when you miss caffeine in the morning? Extreme fatigue and headache are the basic symptoms of addiction. And remember the chemical substance adenosine that we talked about before? The more adenosine you have in the brain, the more tired you feel. Although caffeine can help block the effects of adenosine in the brain, the prolonged use of caffeine creates more receptors for adenosine, creating, in practice, an immunity to caffeine. Over time, a greater amount of caffeine This immunity creates an addiction to an ever-increasing amount of caffeine, causing a crisis of abstinence when you try to quit. I asked Dr. Amen if he had cases of addiction to caffeine. There's the story of an Air Force pilot. His brain looked much older than him. He was addicted to coffee. He drank 6 to 12 cups a day. And he said to me, I can't live without it. And I said, no, that's a lie. You can live without it. If you want to quit, you'll be sick for 5 or 6 days. Or you'll decrease 10% a day. And he chose that. And he didn't have any symptoms of abstinence. A month later, he was stunned by how much energy he had and how much his sleep had improved. We tell little lies. We tell ourselves that we keep us fat, depressed, with a weak mind. We need it. The brain is lazy. It does what you allow it to do. And good habits require the same energy as bad habits. You have to reprogram the brain and this requires a little energy. But it will be impossible to get back to caffeine. I know you've heard the rumors that drinking coffee can extend life. Naturally, there is no definitive answer. But there is an interesting study by the Southern Medical University in China. They looked at 170,000 people in Great Britain for 7 years. The study used to be part of the Annals of Internal Medicine. The study began with the monitoring of people who did not have heart disease and known tumors. They compared coffee drinkers and non-drinkers. Among the coffee drinkers they compared those with sugar and those without. They also took into account those who used artificial sweeteners such as sucralose, saccharin, and xylitol. It emerged that drinking from 1.5 to 3.5 cups of coffee without sugar per day reduced the risk of death for any cause from 16 to 29 percent. The same amount with a teaspoon of sugar reduced the probability of early death from 28 to 31 percent. Apparently, the risk is lower than drinking coffee without sugar. As far as artificial sweeteners are concerned, there has not been a clear connection with a longer life expectancy. Perhaps because the positive elements of coffee, such as antioxidants and electrolytes, really extend life. And artificial sweeteners contrast this benefit. However, we must bear in mind that association, as they say, does not equal cause. Just because you drink coffee to a lower mortality doesn't mean that it's causing it. There could be other factors that extend people's lives, like, for example, their socioeconomic status. After all, if your habit of drinking coffee derives from a hard work with a high income, perhaps you have a better quality of life in general that reduces the risk of death. But obviously, we must also consider the health of the heart. In fact, coffee consumption is linked to a lower risk of arrhythmias. Arrhythmias can be serious but also harmless. A 2020 study examined the data of more than 350,000 participants in the UK Biobank for more than five years. They found that drinking coffee is linked to a significantly lower risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias. Drinking one to two cups reduces arrhythmias by 10%, three to four cups reduces arrhythmias by 14%, and five or more cups reduces arrhythmias by 15%. So that's coffee's role in favoring weight loss and metabolic health. A 2013 study analyzed the link between coffee consumption and the markers of metabolic syndrome. It emerged that those who drank one to four cups of coffee a day had less visceral fat compared to those who did not drink coffee or those who consumed more coffee. Research shows that coffee can increase fat burning and metabolism, thus contributing to weight loss. A study published in the Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism has shown that caffeine increases metabolism by an average of 7% within three hours of consumption. Coffee also contains chlorogenic acid, which has been discovered to be able to promote body fat degradation by protecting muscle tissue, a hope for those who do not drink coffee. The combination of caffeine and chlorogenic acid is special. The chlorogenic acid activates the AMPK, a special protein in our body that is also activated during intermittent fasting and improves glucose transport to the brain cells. In this way, it helps regulate body inflammation levels and also enhances autophagy, the process of eliminating metabolic waste from the cells, which is beneficial for preserving valuable muscle tissue. In addition, caffeine acts on the sympathetic nervous system, increasing excitement and the desire to move, thus accelerating metabolism and increasing energy expenditure. In addition to weight loss, research shows another benefit of coffee. It has been found that the consumption of just two cups a day is linked to a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes in the youngest and middle-aged people. A series of 18 studies published in the Archives of Internal Medicine have shown that coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea are all associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Chlorogenic acid is one of the main antioxidants found in coffee. It can reduce the absorption of glucose from sugary or high-carbohydrate foods and can slow the risk of blood sugar after a meal. This could help prevent insulin resistance and could be the reason why the consumption of coffee is linked to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. But it is not said that coffee immediately reduces blood sugar. Indeed, it could even increase it because caffeine can trigger the release of adrenaline or epinephrine and therefore a temporary rise in blood sugar. For some, especially for diabetics, caffeine can slow the body's response to insulin, so blood sugar levels would rise in the short term. Then, of course, if you're adding sugar to your coffee, that's likely to significantly elevate your blood sugar, and that tends to offset any benefits that coffee can bring about for you. So, for sure, caffeine has to be associated with good health but it also has other risk factors. Coffee is a drink only for adults. Research has shown that caffeine has a negative effect on the brain development of children and teenagers. It has been shown that caffeine has a negative effect on seven primary cognitive functions. Adjustments have been made for age, sex, sleep, even socioeconomic effects. Despite this, caffeine continues to have negative associations with the majority of cognitive functions, including language, comprehension, memory, cognitive flexibility, and processing speed. Even more concerning is the fact that caffeine is found in many fizzy drinks, energy drinks, and teas that young people enjoy. So it's good to be aware of it. Also, there are pesticides. Depending on the methods of cultivation and harvesting, some coffees may contain high amounts of pesticides that are associated with serious health problems like cancer. So it's better to be aware of it. And lastly, because coffee is a diuretic, it's associated with calcium excretion and it interferes with the absorption of iron. Those who need more iron or are at risk of low iron, like pregnant women or with menstruation, or the elderly, should be cautious. Also, the increase of vital nutrients like calcium can contribute to compensate for the negative effects of caffeine. So the consumption of coffee is linked to a series of negative effects. Drinking coffee is linked to a series of positive aspects, including a longer life, a better mental health, and a better heart health. It can even help with memory. Keep in mind, however, that caffeine association does not mean cause. There could be other factors and that could lead to addiction.