素描基礎proko（全集） 肖像繪畫教程 3-14：鼻子的解剖結構

探討東西方哲學 理解宇宙的神祕奧祕 Hey, welcome to Proko. Today we're going over the nose. We have noses of all shapes and sizes, but there are things they all have in common. We should understand these similarities so that we can solve any nose from any angle. In the next few minutes, we'll simplify the nose into its major planes to understand the perspective from various angles. Then we will go deeper and explore the anatomy. And finally, based on the anatomy, break up the major planes into minor planes. The major planes In my portrait drawing classes, I see a lot of people struggling to get the nose pointing in the right direction and to look three-dimensional. To do this correctly, it's important to understand the nose as a simplified box. There are the side planes, the top plane, and the bottom plane. As the head turns to the side or up and down, all the angles and shapes of the nose will change. This could get really complicated, and that's why it's so important to first solve the perspective of the box and then add the anatomy. So let's see what happens to the major planes as the head moves. From the front view, the tip of the nose is aligned with the center line of the face, and the side planes are the same width. As the head turns to the side, the tip of the nose will extend away from the center line. Because of foreshortening, the far side plane will get thinner, and the closer one will get thicker. At about three-quarter view, the further side plane is hidden, and eventually at side view, even the top and bottom planes are hidden. Now let's see what happens when the head tilts up or down. Pay attention to the heights of the top and bottom planes. From straight on, you'll generally see a little bit of the bottom plane. As the head looks up, the bottom plane gets taller, and the tip of the nose will get closer to the eyes. Eventually, it will even cover a portion of the eye. The tendency for many artists is to lower the tip of the nose. But if you do that, then the nose will point in a different direction than the rest of the face. That's just weird. At a down tilt, the top of the nose will extend down from the nostrils. Remember that the bottom of the middle third indicates the connection of the nostrils to the face, not the tip of the nose. The Anatomy Once you establish the perspective of the nose, it's time to add some details. But if you don't understand the anatomy, it's hard to know what details to put in. Understanding the anatomy helps you to design your shapes to indicate the subtleties of the nose. The nose is made up of interlocking pieces of cartilage and fat attached to the bone of the skull. Let's group these pieces into three groups. The bridge, the ball, and the wings. The bridge. The top half of the bridge is the nasal bone, and the lower half is the lateral cartilage. The side plane is a bone called the maxilla. And at the top, the nasal bone connects to the forehead at the glabella, which is a keystone-shaped plane that faces downward. The edge of the nasal bone and lateral cartilage has a thin, sharp ridge as it transitions to the side plane and connects to the maxilla. The lateral cartilage is pointy and wedges between the two pieces that make up the ball of the nose. The ball. Interesting to know that the ball of the nose is actually made up of two pieces of cartilage called the greater alar cartilage. Sometimes you will see the separation between these two pieces, and sometimes it will be too soft to see. These two pieces together make a rounded form that hooks in under itself at the septum. And you will typically see a bump where it connects to the skull inside the nostrils. The wings. Finally, on the sides of the ball, there are two wings made of fatty tissue. These wings also hook around and under. Viewed from the bottom, they connect to the face further back than the septum because of the roundness of the tooth cylinder. The fact that the septum and wings hook into the inside of the nose is important to avoid drawing a cartoony nose. These are two common mistakes. The first is just a two-dimensional outline of the nose. The second is focused only on the holes of the nostrils and lacks any volume of the wings and septum. By focusing on the volumes as they wrap underneath and into the nostrils, will make your drawing look much more three-dimensional. The minor planes. You should memorize the subtle plane changes in all the different parts of the nose. These plane changes are usually seen as subtle shapes and edge variations, which to the untrained eye appear to be kind of random and unclear. Once familiar with the minor planes, you can easily identify them and make them more clear in your drawing. This gives your drawing a better sense of three-dimensional form, and this applies to anything, not just the nose. The minor planes are basically a simplified and geometric version of the anatomy. So let's take a look at the minor planes of the bridge. The top plane of the nasal bone faces upward and then slightly more downward at the lateral cartilage. From the side, you can see this slight angle change from the nasal bone to the cartilage. The connection between the bone and cartilage is usually the widest part of the bridge. The minor planes of the ball. The ball of the nose actually isn't a perfectly smooth ball, but has very distinct plane changes. It has a top, front, and bottom plane as the septum curls under itself and connects to the skull. The side plane acts as a step down to the nostril. It's also important to indicate the thickness of the septum. The minor planes of the wings. The wings curl into the nostrils similar to the septum, so they each have a wide top plane and a thin side plane. The wings are not paper thin, so an indication of the front planes is crucial to give them some thickness. The shape of the nose varies a lot from person to person. It can be soft, chiseled, wide and bulbous, thin and pointy, and so on. Next time you're in public, be a creeper and observe people's nose shapes. Hey, have you seen my new app? Skelly, the poseable anatomy model for artists. Go to proko.com slash skelly app or click this button to get it on iOS or Android. That's it. Thanks for watching and thank you for being a premium member. If you're enjoying the course, don't be all selfish. Tell your friends. And if you want to subscribe to the Proko newsletter, go to proko.com slash subscribe. Bye-bye.