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In the still night sky, the sun always appears as a familiar companion of mankind. Although it's so close that you can see clearly every dark spot on the surface with your normal eyes, But behind that magic beauty lies a mystery that has never been solved. It's been over half a century since man first set foot on the surface of the moon. But what we know about this satellite is only a tiny piece in the big picture of the universe. One of the biggest mysteries that scientists can't stop wondering about is the existence of water on the surface of the moon. This sounds counterintuitive. How can a place with no atmosphere, withstand extreme temperatures and a flat surface hide such a precious resource? But recent discoveries have shocked the world. Water not only appears on the surface but also exists in unexpected places And under conditions that scientific theory has never affirmed. The question is where can we find water on the surface of the moon? Or hide in the cold dark areas that lie just above the surface of the earth? And more importantly, how do people overcome the greatest dangers of the planet to exploit this mysterious resource? Help me open the door to the solar system. For centuries, when people set foot on the earth, Most scientists agree that this satellite is a completely uninhabitable world. The rock samples from the Apollo missions seem to further support this theory. There is no clear sign of water. However, an unexpected event in 1976 began to set the stage for that. In 1976, Lenso's autonomous probe Luna 24 landed successfully on the surface of the moon. and it's about 2 meters deep. You've collected and sent to earth about 170 grams of soil sample. When scientists analyzed these samples, they discovered something surprising. About 0.1% of the land mass is water. In particular, the water level rises as it sinks deeper below the surface. However, at that time, this finding was not considered as valid evidence. Many scientists think this could be the result of contamination from the ground during the process of collecting and transporting samples. Also, samples from the Apollo 11 mission, the flight that put the first man on the surface of the moon, It also showed signs of an extremely small amount of water. But, again, the researchers think this is the result of a viral infection. There is more evidence of the actual presence of water on the surface of the moon. But in 1994, a new step had taken place. NASA's Clementine mission has conducted surface surveys using advanced radar technology. The results show that the existence of areas permanently affected by the shadow, Places that haven't received sunlight in billions of years, located near the south pole of the moon. This discovery has led to the hypothesis that in these dark caves can survive by water. Protected from sunlight and heat. The special thing about these areas is the extremely low temperatures, never exceeding 173 degrees Celsius. In such a cold environment, any amount of water, however small, It can also exist as ice for billions of years. This ruling has aroused strong concern from the global scientific community, Opened hopes about the possibility of finding a larger water source on the surface. Added to the momentum from Clementine's discovery, NASA, continued launch of the spacecraft Luna-Probeto in 1998 with the aim of finding clearer signs of the existence of water. Although this mission cannot provide a definitive answer, But it has increased my knowledge and encouraged more in-depth research. The initial findings are not yet conclusive as to the presence of water. But it opened the door to a fascinating journey of discovery. The race for water on the planet has entered a new phase. Where modern technology and technology can change the human universe. being challenged at a higher level than ever. After the initial findings were promising, The search for evidence of water on the surface continues to be strong. With the participation of many more modern space missions. However, this search journey is not easy. When each new relationship opens up more questions and challenges, NASA's focus is often on detecting abnormal signals. shows Hiroro's presence at the ends of the earth. It has led scientists to believe that there may be between 10-300 million tons of gold water It's cheapest in the Arctic. Using the Newton photopath method To measure the amount of Hiro on the surface of the moon. This is an indirect method but very effective. However, finding Hiroro doesn't mean that you're sure there's water. Because Hiroro can exist as Hiro-OC, A similar compound but not the same as water purifier. To find a definitive answer, NASA has taken a step in the right direction. In 1999, the Lunar Orbiter was controlled to land directly on the south pole of the Moon. Hopefully, the station will create debris that will blow into space. Plan to use telescopes from the ground To analyze the ice sheets and look for signs of water ice. However, no clear sign of water has been detected from this water station, Leave a big gap in the search process and make the mystery more complicated. Not only NASA, other countries also participate in this journey. In 2007, Japan launched a ship to visit Kaguya, One of the most ambitious missions to survey the surface. Kaguya is equipped with the latest equipment to map surface details and analyze component materials. Although images and data of unprecedented resolution have been obtained, Kaguya can't find any direct tape. The presence of water ice in the mouths of the fish is permanently under threat in the northern hemisphere. After 18 months of operation, Kaguya also ended his mission by hitting the surface. I hope to restore the method that Roberto used with Luna. But again, no sign of water was found. The successive failures did not diminish the confidence of scientists, But the more they search for answers. The data from Luna, Roberto and Kaguya raised an interesting question. Does water on the surface of the moon exist in a form we never thought of? Can it be hidden deep under the rock layer or exist in a form not easily detected by traditional methods? The results were not as expected and did not slow down the search for water. It's only going to make the space agencies more determined to develop more advanced technologies. And it was these efforts that led to an unexpected step from a country that hadn't been expected, India. After a series of failures in finding definitive proof of water on the surface, A new country emerging in the space field has unexpectedly made a strong mark. Chandrayaan-1, India's first mission to the surface of the moon, has taken an unexpected step. Launched on October 2018, Chandrayaan-1 is not only India's pride. But there is evidence of the space reach capabilities of a developing nation. This mission has used the most modern technology, especially the most advanced photovoltaic sensors. To survey the surface of the Moon with unprecedented detail. Chandrayaan-1 is equipped with Mon Amphac Probe, called MIP, A device designed to strike the surface of a planet. When MIP approached the surface, it sent out signals indicating the presence of a water wall. Not only that, the MAM, MINI, LARGO, MATBER equipment is provided by NASA. It has also used the ultraviolet spectrum to detect clear signs of the existence of water in many areas on the surface. This is the first time in history that scientists have found evidence that they can't deny that Water really exists on the surface, not just in the darkest regions forever. But in all areas where the sun shines. The results of Chandrayaan-1 did not stop at confirming water on the surface of the moon. It also provides a huge amount of data to study its origins and distribution. Water is not only a means of survival but also a strategic resource. The ability to use water as fuel, create oxygen and support life has opened a new chapter for the field of space science. Chandrayaan-1 is a major turning point in our perception of the planet. Turn it from a satellite into a potential source of resources for future missions. The discovery of Chandrayaan-1 immediately aroused a wave of interest from the air giants. Large space agencies such as NASA, LSA as well as China and China have accelerated in planning for new, more dangerous missions. The data that Chandrayaan-1 provides becomes a valuable source of information, The project will help shape water exploitation strategies and develop infrastructure on the ground in the future. Thanks to Chandrayaan-1, for the first time in history, mankind no longer has to doubt the presence of water on the surface of the moon. This mission has laid the foundation for a new phase in space exploration. This phase is not only about exploration but also about starting to think about extracting and using resources from the earth. After the surprising discoveries from Chandrayaan-1, NASA decided to consolidate more evidence of the existence of water on the surface of the moon. In 2009, the US Space Agency deployed a special mission called the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, Called ELRUS, it's a step forward with the goal of confirming the presence of water in the permanently dark seas near the North Pole. ELRUS's methodology is completely different. Instead of just observing from space, NASA has decided to search for water through several states. This mission uses an old Centaur rocket stage and an ELRUS ship when it approaches the surface. The rocket was dropped spontaneously, hit a mouth near the North Pole at high speed, creating a large crowd. The ELRUS will go right through the clouds to analyze with the optical sensors before it hits the ground. This approach not only checks directly what lies within the soil surface, It also provides unprecedented data on chemical composition in areas permanently affected. The results from ELRUS have shocked the scientific community. Analysis shows not only clear signs of water but also detected other compounds like hydrocarbons, ammonia and methane in the soil of the mouth of the cave. The amount of water detected is estimated to be equivalent to about 5% of the total volume of water released from the field. A discovery beyond what was expected. This not only confirms that there is water ice in the deep mouths but also opens up the potential for exploiting other valuable resources. The success of ELRUS has fostered the belief that water on the surface of the planet is not just a theory. Data from this mission not only confirmed previous findings but also aroused interest from many other space agencies. The subsequent exploration plans were adjusted to focus not only on the search but also on the study of the potential for exploiting water and the associated resources. ELRUS with its human discoveries has taken the space race to a new level. Water on the surface is no longer just a story of science but has become part of our strategy for conquering the universe. It opens up the opportunity to build long-term bases and access the higher bodies in the solar system. The presence of water on the surface of the moon has been confirmed but the next big question is where does the water come from and how is it distributed? The answer is not simple because the source of water on this satellite is still a mystery and many different possibilities are being raised. One of the most popular theories is that water on the surface of the moon could originate from stars. And the sky containing water has been drenched on its surface billions of years ago. When these objects fall, they may have either blasted water all over the surface or held it in deep cavities. Water in permanently dark areas, where it doesn't get sunlight, has survived for billions of years in extremely cold conditions. These areas are capable of holding water in the form of ice, protecting them from being blown into the air. However, not all water on the surface of the moon lies in the darkest and coldest regions. Recent data from the countries visited have shown that a small amount of water molecules or hero oxide can appear directly below the surface of the rock, including areas that receive sunlight. On days when temperatures rise, these molecules appear to evaporate and move back and forth across the surface. But when temperatures drop, they can regenerate or reset on the surface of the moon. This shows that the distribution of water on the surface of the moon is not limited to the poles or the shadow regions, But it can exist in more places than we thought. This small water volume is thought to be formed through interaction between the sun's wind and the surface rock. The ions from the sun's wind come in contact with the oxygen-containing substances on the surface of the earth creating the oxygen. and in some cases may form water. Although these studies are only in the early stages, They've opened up a whole new way of looking at the surface of the moon. Instead of a world completely in the background, We now know that water is present in many different forms and in many more areas. From the eternal dark regions to the sunny surface, On the surface, water can be distributed in a much more diverse and complex way than we ever imagined. The discovery of water on the surface of the moon not only changed our view of this planet, But it also opens up unprecedented opportunities in space exploration. For a long time, water has been considered a determining factor in the ability of life to sustain itself outside the earth. If we can tap into the water source locally, Travellers will no longer be entirely dependent on land supplies. This not only helps save shipping costs, But it also lacks the capacity to build sustainable bases, where people can live and work for a long time. But water on the surface of the moon is not only the source of life, It's called the oil of space. And finding ways to exploit successfully and the right price to pay on the side It's a step in the space industry. It can be recycled inside the living environment on the surface be used for drinking or drinking water. It can also be used to help plants grow on the ground, capital needed to support future settlers on the continent. But the biggest and most urgent use of water on the planet is in producing rocket fuel. Hydrogen and oxygen are among the main materials used to provide energy for rockets today. The transfer of resources from the earth into space is a costly process and consumes a lot of fuel. And the deeper you want to fly into space, the more fuel you need and the more fuel you have to consume. The need to remove all these heavy objects from the earth will limit the space race. But the surface has a gravitational force equal to one sixth of the earth. So, if we can successfully produce rocket fuel on the surface, It will be less expensive and transportation of fuel from the ground to other locations in space will be more cost-effective. It won't cost as much as transporting it from the ground. And in fact, putting something from the surface of the moon into low Earth orbit is a very simple thing. It costs less resources so sending it from the mainland, Although that adds an extra 300,000 km to the journey. So, the presence of water on the surface of the moon could help space missions become more economical and more powerful, including the exploration of our solar system. China, in cooperation with China and other countries, are planning to launch three missions in 2029 to launch NGOs 6, 7 and 8. They're going to the Arctic, where they plan to build a robot station by 2030. The US also plans to build a base on the Moon by 2030 in the Arctic Ocean. through the Artemis program of NASA. They plan to test launch the first manned flight of Artemis I. Then there were the battlefield tests that drove Artemis II and finally launched Artemis III. Expected to occur no earlier than 2025 And it may be our first manned mission to the surface since 1972. Clearly the interest in the face of the earth as a fixed basis for people's lives is increasing. Before December 2022, the number of countries and political alliances has been successfully The number of visits to the island or landings on the surface has increased to 6. China, China, Japan, China and India They've all launched a spaceship to the nearest planet on the moon. As more and more countries and companies trust in space, You can ask yourself what the ultimate goal is? We just want to be creatures of the universe? What is the best way to improve the lives of mankind? Can you smell the profits in the air? In fact, there are many surprising reasons. Why does mining in space, especially on the surface, become a hot topic? The first important substance was called helium-3. You may have heard of helium-3 in the science stories of the distant past. Because theories say that this is the logical material for a clean nuclear reaction, No fake photos and no dangerous by-products. It is also used in medicine and in machine learning. However, it's really very rare on earth. It is found in nature and can be found in natural gas sources, for example. But in general, the exploitation is not possible. Because even in natural gas there's only about 100 parts per billion. So, suppose we have a billion cubic meters of natural gas, You can only extract about 15 kg of helium-3 from it. In many cases, this is not economically feasible. We can also produce helium-3 As a byproduct of the decomposition process of tritium. However, the problem here is that tritium is an important component of the nuclear universe. So when the world slows down the process of producing nuclear weapons, The helium-3 reserves are also starting to decrease. Suppose we don't want to have more tritium in the world. That means we need to find another source of helium-3. Especially if the technology is improved enough to make the helium-3 reaction a reality. Luckily, we currently have a world revolving around the Earth, Where helium-3 has been blasted for billions of years by the sun. From the Earth's field, helium-3 is moving with the solar wind around the planet. When the front of the train is not protected, It only absorbs it in the top layer of the ground. We're not talking about large quantities, it only contains at least 50 parts per billion, But it's everywhere, not just in small bags, It can therefore be collected together with any other mining activity. It can also be used to supply energy to surface reactors, The base on the surface can provide itself. Some people think that extracting helium-3 on the surface of the moon will be impossible, However, China has announced that it will eventually mine helium-3. is one of the main objectives of the Chinese understanding program. Scientists in the US, Europe and India have all declared this is a problem they will consider further, Nga is currently conducting a feasibility study on this matter. Even private companies are looking into this possibility. Because the fractional fraction of helium-3 is relatively low, Even in the earth's surface, So any airline that extracts helium-3 will also extract something else in the same layer of soil, But you might find something else in there. In fact, the soil surface layer contains many different types of substances. Look at this fake color picture of your face. Each color indicates the different substances found on the surface of the trane. There are many types of kim found on the surface of the planet in large numbers like sat, titan, nhôm, silicon, canxi and maze. Some of these chemicals are locked in hard-to-reach oxygen and other substances. However, the separation of these chemicals also often produces useful byproducts such as oxygen and heroin. They're extremely basic and not uncommon on earth, But unlocking these elements on the mainland It'll allow a self-sustaining electricity because oxygen means air can breathe. Heroin can be converted into fuel and combine both to create water. Untreated soil can also be useful because it has the potential to be turned into surface concrete. Useful for building infrastructure on the ground without the need to transport materials from the ground. Tin can also be easily produced from soil on the surface of the earth. Although not really ideal, some types of plants can grow on rocky ground, Any base on the surface can also provide itself with food without using the water canning method. But perhaps the most important resource found on the surface of the planet is what's called rare earth. Interesting thing is rare, including this section of the weekly chart, It's not really an extremely rare species on earth. However, the difficulty of exploiting them is that they have not yet been really accumulated into large mines. Instead, they spread across the land. This means they are extremely difficult to mine on Earth and there are only a few countries in the world There are enough letters to do something about this. Even then, most countries still don't care at all The Commission has also taken a number of steps to ensure that the EU's fishing fleet is protected from the risks of serious damage to the environment and to people affected by fishing activities. The only country that is not prepared for these problems is China. China holds about 30% of the planet's supply of rare earths. And because it's one of the few countries that exploits this type of rare earth, they control 95% of the market. Controlling 95% of the market places China as a world power, Especially when these goods are very valuable to our society. They are part of many electronic devices and pins. Do you use a transmission line with electricity and a large pin nearby, The demand for these materials will only increase So you need to consider where the ingredients used to make the pins come from. Will countries with large numbers of them like the US, Canada, Australia and Vietnam start to mine them? Or rather than contaminate the land further in an effort to protect the environment, Is it really possible to extract these rare earth elements from the surface? Earth is not so common on the surface as on the earth, However, some mines have been identified and infected on the surface. I'm sure it won't cause any serious consequences for the environment and people like you to work here. The demand for these elements will certainly increase in the coming decades, The Commission has already taken a number of steps to ensure that the market for these products is open. And not only that, controlling the market, This means controlling market prices and any country that is controlled will have a huge advantage. Will China be able to maintain its position? Are there any other nations and space companies that would like a piece of this pie? There's only time to answer. This leads to another question. Do you really have the right to mine on the ground? This is a little unclear. The 1967 Treaty on the International Space Station, which most countries in the world have signed. No country has declared sovereignty over the face of the moon. However, it does not really mention mining at the source. Other treaties have been made to include the exploitation of space. But so far, only the countries have not operated within the newly signed space. At present, it may be just a matter of getting served first. This will make it easier to map the surface. And finding a water source that can be used on the surface has become more important than ever. If we have to settle on the surface, The use of this water source will be extremely important. However, getting this water may be harder than you think, Not just by the way the sun shines. There are bigger problems that we face if we want to collect and use water and other sources from both extremes. One of them is electric. Do the low angle of the sun, the sun's wind, mainly comprising ions and electrons, The polar regions and the distribution lines are almost equidistant. Let's go into the sky in the dark. When there, the electrons have a charge that is a thousand times lighter than the charge of the eons, The fall down the inner walls and bottom of the holes makes the surfaces electrically charged. When the electrons fall down before the eons, The electricity distribution is formed, Making the school electric, A sound barrier is created in the rock and inside the city, When an electric charge seems to form on top Until the charged ions seem to be filled with electrons in this electric field. As you can imagine, The clearest separation between these two places occurs on the lower side of the crater, Where the sun comes, The separation between electron and ion will eventually reach a finite level. Do this effect, these areas can charge up to hundreds of thousands of volts can cause death to a nearby dangerous house. But even when you avoid the extremes, That's not the end of the electrical problems you might encounter on the surface. Another case occurs when combined with a substance on the surface of the skin, - It's called hay regolith. Face trăng does not have self-righteousness, So any amount of sunlight that comes in directly affects its surface, Making your face look like a battery And the layer of zinc on the surface of the trunk will become static. Regulation is a kind of thing. There are aspects that can cause a negative impact. In fact, during the Apollo missions, People have reported that regolith will stick to everything in its static charge. This is likely to damage the flight equipment and equipment. This is going to be a big problem. In addition, regolith also causes some negative effects to health, It causes red eyes and is very toxic to the body. Spacecraft used in the Apollo missions Made from a material called Teflon Dêt It works by absorbing static electricity and keeping it in its material. Teflon may also cause electrical shock. Making the operations become a central environment The surface of the earth is full of electricity. The sun's wind is charging and blowing on them. This is similar to what happens when you step on a mat. Touch your hand with Kim's kind, It makes you feel light. An experiment in a lab even proves that Some Teflon is added to regolith to make it easier to absorb. Discovering the face of the moon will be less attractive than much If you're constantly being electrocuted. So if it is Teflon grade making the operations electrically operated, Why didn't we notice that before? Would that happen during the Apollo 20 missions? This effect may be compensated by When the phô tông emanates from the sun to get some electrons off the ground A process called input-question. This causes the ground to come in direct contact with sunlight. There's more battery than that. It's equal to the electricity and the sunshine. Because the first ship of the Apollo missions Have landed on part of the surface of the moon Often by sunlight shining in So the operations are very unlikely to be electrified. But that doesn't mean it's not a problem elsewhere. So how can we protect the satellites from extreme temperatures? It's capable of infecting bases on the ground. and risk of electrical failure Do electricity up to hundreds of thousands of volts. To avoid that, we need to design a new spacecraft. It's not going to allow dangerous electrical activity. may damage or damage the aircraft in front of them. You might think that these are good thermally insulating materials. That's absolutely true. But this needs to be balanced with the change in extreme temperature. But these suits can be faced. After all, what will happen to the high su in the environment What temperature can drop to minus 247 degrees Celsius? There are many projects underway to find solutions I am very pleased that the Commission has taken this initiative. But so far there is still no definite result. To avoid regolith, a team at Washington State University NASA has awarded $130,000 for a project involving nitralong has characteristics that allow it to hold up to the regolith from the surface help the bases on the surface of the moon to be cleaner and avoid the risk of infection. NASA is also researching technology related to electrical avoidance plates. including the battery panels via a conductor line It's very likely to wipe the ground off the surface. A rather interesting way to live. Besides, there's a new technology that's revolutionary. is being developed by Tencent, a technology company NAOI They're running a project called ASG. This technology is capable of allowing humans to perform tasks and the danger from using your computer allowing people to control the autonomous vehicle, the robot arm, Even a mobile phone only has a handful of hands. They're working on putting this technology into a space suit. This could mean something important. For future missions to the surface of the Moon and even to Sao Mar. This will allow operations to be conducted entirely inside the base. while the machines are performing work on the surface of the moon.