【70集】世界历史40小时大合集-中英cc外挂字幕-Epic History P44 - 1812年，拿破仑入侵俄国

In 1812 Russia faced Napoleon's attack on his former enemies the largest army in Europe but for the French emperor the decisive defeat remained disappointing Russia's persistence was unlike anything he had ever encountered Winter arrived His army began the most famous retreat in history In 1807 Napoleon went to Erfurt to meet the Russian Emperor Alexander In their celebratory meeting the two emperors established a friendship and an alliance but this could not last During these five years the relationship between Russia and France gradually cooled Russia was established by Napoleon as an emperor state in Poland They viewed it as a struggle on their own front They suspected it would lead to France becoming a national power again The traditional country next to Russia Then Napoleon proposed marriage to Alexander 's sister Napoleon's wife Anna Pavlovna But the Russians disliked this idea In the Russian persecution a year later Napoleon married Marie Louise the daughter of Emperor Alexander later that year Napoleon destroyed the guarantee of the dynasty and the great woman of Autun Autun was ruled by Napoleon's sister The worst part is Napoleon's ineffective economic blockade against Britain was designed to destroy his most determined enemy and Napoleon promised to join the continental economic system But in Russia this issue is very unpopular During the economic crisis when Napoleon discovered that Russia was controlling the rules of the economic system and engaging in illegal trade with Britain he was very angry Two emperors Accusations of distrust between the two countries began preparations for war Napoleon knew the Russian campaign was a huge operation especially since he still had an unfinished war in the Spanish War involving over two million troops however He began organizing the largest army in Europe in 1811 He had seen about six million people although less than half were French the rest were others Federal states from Europe due to the imperial emperor the imperial emperor led by The main force was deployed under Napoleon himself while the other was led by his grandson from a previous life Eugene The other was led by his young brother Jérôme and was the king of the West African Empire Both men were not experienced commanders Although one person may reveal themselves in sports another may not To their left Marshal Macdonald led the 10th Corps which had a large Russian army while to their right was General Schwarzenberg's Austrian Corps There are another 100 000 troops in reserve including Marshal Victor's 9th Corps Initially only 220 000 Russians were able to oppose this massive Russian army The 1st Army under General Barclay de Tolly the 2nd Army under Prince Bagration and the 3rd Army under General Tormasov will each be divided into two groups But at the beginning of the war Russia achieved two significant military victories Three years before the Soviet war This war turned the Soviet Union into France With a remarkable transformation the Soviet Union is now managed by Napoleon's former commander Bernadotte But when Napoleon quietly occupied Soviet Pomerania Bernadotte angrily guaranteed that the Soviet Union would remain neutral At the same time the six-year war of Russia ended the peace treaty of the Omnitron Empire These two treaties protected Russia's flanks from any strategic threat and freed the army to resist Napoleon's offensive On June 24 1812 Russian troops began crossing the Neman River into Russian territory The army was so large it took five days to pass Napoleon's plan was to attack in the northern part of the unyielding Pripyat forest defeat Barclay's army and have Jerome trap Bagration there Then the French army would turn south to harass Bagration Napoleon expected this war to end within five weeks But the huge size of the French army made Barclay doubt that withdrawal was his only option The northern part of the Prypiat forest He has always been a more radical commander and hardline critics of Barclay often found themselves forced to agree When they withdrew they burned the village and the fields This was a strategy of hell to deny supplies to the enemy Within four days Napoleon had reached Vilnius but Barclay had fled In the south Jérôme had failed to defeat Bagration Therefore when Davout's first warship flew south it troubled him and he had already left the safety zone Napoleon's younger brother lost his depth He was criticized by the emperor when his army was ordered by Davout's command he lost power and returned west in failure This movement has already begun to reveal serious flaws in Napoleon's plan He knew his army would have to live in this poor region and he had organized huge supply boxes and transportation systems To supply the army But the tire slowly turned onto the bad roads of Russia Russian troops had to stop frequently to allow supply boxes to rise Napoleon's plan to capture the Russians was bad news But thousands of young people in his army were not used to daily strenuous exercise Many were almost out of breath Everyone else left The command structure of the army also faced major problems Napoleon commanded a huge multinational army It was three times larger than any army Napoleon had ever controlled His once renowned army of speed had become a mad beast After resting and reorganizing in Vilnius Napoleon continued his advance Barclay continued to Vitebsk where he hoped that Bagration's Second Army would join him But Davout blocked Bagration's path at Soltanovka forcing Bagration to set up defenses at Smolensk In Vitebsk Napoleon confronted Barclay's rear guard but once again the Russians escaped At all the stores where they couldn't fire together with them Meanwhile 300 kilometers away to the south of Napoleon the Russian Third Army attacked and defeated the Saxon Seventh Army Force Napoleon to withdraw the Russian troops of the Seventh Saxon Army with their help By the end of July Napoleon had advanced 250 kilometers far exceeding the distance he had expected The long summer heat continued He continued to inflict heavy losses on his soldiers There was no battle the army had already suffered 20% losses due to fatigue and illness especially typhoid and cancer The army entered Russia There are a quarter of a million horses but now they are dying at a rate of one thousand per day due to exhaustion and lack of manure Not only did the army's horses die but the death rate of the horses in the supply wagons led to even worse conditions This horse crisis like the light French horses saw Napoleon 's eyes and ears meet their match among the Russian Cossacks Cossacks confident proud innocent and excellent horses unlike other European horses are not disobedient Every day they moved in the shadow of Napoleon's army whenever they saw an easy target they disappeared into the forest if attacked by a powerful force Cossacks and Russian partisans attack the French supply lines and depots Forcing Napoleon to disrupt thousands of their troops Accompanied by ordinary light horses from Russia they also prevented the French army from escaping the conflict which meant that Napoleon often lacked good information About the location of the road or the enemy Napoleon stayed in Vitebsk for 16 days Rest his troops and consider his options Many things he was worried about including the safety of his long-exposed flag But in Vitebsk he received a message saying that in Gorodezhny He defeated the Russians One week later in Polatsk a French-Palestinian army defeated the Russian First Army of Vichkenstein It had become an unwinnable war Napoleon's flag was safe so far Although his main force was reduced by at least half its original strength Napoleon decided to go to Smolensk and try to force the Russians Fight with determination against the city Berkeley was indeed oppressed to give battle from the Republican commander Prince Bagration and from the Emperor Alexander in St Petersburg They told him that the spirit and honor of the Russian army are essential The first and second Russian armies finally made contact near Smolensk Berkeley decided to attack Napoleon's army He thought they were concentrated near Rudnya The war was led by Polatov's Cossacks surprising a French army in Inkovo But Uzhen's fourth army surprised him in the north so Berkeley canceled the attack Napoleon confident in Berkeley's offensive There was no real threat began a huge movement southward canceled Smolensk and cut off Russia's retreat The so-called Smolensk campaign was Napoleon's favorite using Murat 's soldiers to check his movements and keep Berkeley in the dark The emperor built four bridges quickly on the night of August 13 and by the next morning his army was already there Marshal Davou Led another army on the banks of a river in Russia But an independent Russian army the 27th withdrew after a brave battle for Krasny Delayed France's advance and during the purchase time allowed Bagration to strengthen the Smolensk interception The chance of a surprise attack on the city failed When the Russian army began to withdraw Napoleon showed an uncharacteristic lack of urgency Even stopping the army to hold a party to celebrate his 43rd birthday When the main attack at Smolensk began two days later Napoleon chose to advance and attack 150 French guns destroyed the city when three French armies attacked their traditional architecture Russia was brave in resisting but Barclay feared being surrounded and ordered a retreat again When Smolensk was in flames the Russian army began to delay It was when the French were fighting their way into the city that great destruction occurred The second army of Bagration withdrew first The army of Barclay was caught in Valutino by Ney's third army General Junot commanding the eighth army in West Africa The order canceled Barclay's withdrawal But he crossed the river he could do nothing and he lost his chance An angry Napoleon announced Junot He will never win the battle of his command The Smolensk War caused nearly 100 000 deaths on both sides and destroyed one of Russia's most historically and spiritually significant cities yet it resolved everything After failing to defeat the Russians at Smolensk Napoleon once again halted to reconsider his options His soldiers were tired far from home and it was late in the election season He considered spending the Russian winter in Smolensk and ended the campaign in 1813 but now he was only 230 kilometers from Moscow A century ago the great Peter moved the capital of Russia to Saint Petersburg but Moscow retained its historic and spiritual heart a prize that Russians would fight for Napoleon who had always been a robber decided to continue forward The Russians faced their own dilemma That summer Emperor Alexander experienced a religious revival and addressed the Russian people who were defending the nation The war against Napoleon was a war to save the Mother of God Russia from the forces of opposition Several months later the emperor received conflicting advice on whether to stand and fight or retreat Now he has decided that change is needed The cautious president Barkley maintained his duties but the emperor called on President Mckayl Kutosov to lead the entire Russian army Kutuzov was defeated by Napoleon seven years before Austerlitz But he had won several victories for the European Empire and was a true Russian beloved by the army Although Kutuzov agreed with Barclay's strategy of delay he saw that the continuous retreat was undermining the confidence of the soldiers and the nation If Moscow were abandoned the collapse could be very severe Therefore 70 kilometers west of the city near the village of Brudino Russian forces are preparing to rise Europe was about to witness the darkest day of the Napoleonic Wars The above comments do not represent the station's position