Inside a SUCCESSFUL Goat Farm in South Africa. The Business of Boer Goats

There is nothing under the sun that you can do and not get money. As long as you are consistent, as long as you are strategic, as long as you know who wants that thing and where you know where to get it, it's lucrative. If you know what you are doing, one can make a living out of goats. Either you are in the meat market or you are in the breeding part of it. A farmer is a business person, a farmer is a scientist. A farmer, you have to research about the market, the buying price, the selling price, the production cost. Do you know that there is a high demand for meat from Africa? Because mostly in Africa we are still doing organic farming. Our animals are still grazing the natural grass. So there is a high demand. Goats give birth three times in two years. This thing of where people are saying goats give birth two times a year, no, no, no. Pregnancy is five months, lactation is three months. So five plus three is eight months. If young people, as we are seeing, are waking up, going back to farming, does it mean that people are now realising that we as Africans, farming is our thing, we know it, we know how to grow organic. So what do the diaspora people want? They want someone who is reliable. Trustworth. They want transparency. Yes. I've worked with a lot of diasporas. You could see that they want to invest back home. Are they afraid of people who are here in Africa? Your own people will scam you. It's because we don't think about two months to come, two years to come, 20 years to come. I wanted to breed something that originally comes from Africa. I love this continent so much. So I wanted something that carries the identity of Africa. Farming is a game of patience. Patience involves difficulties, challenges. It seems like from the way you are speaking, I must not get into farming because I want money. I think that's the biggest problem that we are having nowadays. I'm seeing a lot of people, almost every day I'm attending to more than five people on a daily basis. Ndando, I want to get into goat farming. What am I supposed to do? I'm still starting. I want to get into goat farming. So the first question that I always ask is, what do you want to do in goat farming? Because goat farming, there is breeding part of it. There is also dairy part of it. There is meat market. Then you find someone saying, I'm still starting. I don't care which stage you are in life, but you have to identify your market. Identifying your target market will determine the strategies that you're going to implement in order to achieve what you want. But if you're going to start it and say, I want to start goat farming, then later on you will run away from it because farming is not easy. Yes, someone's saying, no, I've got 20,000 rands or I've got 1,000 US dollars. I want to start goat farming. Which way can I do it in a cheaper way? Don't start business because it's cheap or it's easy. Business is not for people that want quick returns. That's why we have got few millionaires that are coming from betting, that are coming from winning lotto. Oh, I understand. It's because we're having a lot of people that get instant big, huge amount of money at one go within six months down the line, or they are back where they are. Why is it something like that happens? It's because you don't have a vision in the first place. Someone you ask what you want to do, you say, ah, I like capital. No, what you like is the mindset, not capital. Because capital can come, but it finds you without the vision or the market that you want to. It's like someone is having 500 goats, but you don't know where to sell them. You find someone is having 100 cattle, but you don't know where to sell them. In the rural areas, people have a lot of cattle. They'll just be standing there. Hey, I have my cattle. We want to change that mindset. I see a lot of farmers. They cry a lot whenever there is drought, especially this year in 2024. Many countries, especially certain countries, we had Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, even South Africa and Botswana, they declared a state of disaster. We want to change the mindset of saying, you are someone who is always shocked. By the way, we're in dry season. A farmer, you have to plan ahead. I understand. Yes, follow the news. I know that's part where we don't pay much attention when we are watching TV. We don't follow the news. Not even the news, even research. What are the rain patterns? Farmers need to have rain gauges in their places. Not everyone should be a maize crop farmer. Not everyone has to do good farming. First, you have to identify the suitable crop or the suitable kind of livestock that you have to farm with. Most of the people in rural areas, they always are... When we grew up, we were told that a man has to have cattle. So you find that someone is just having cattle, they are just roaming around. The worst part of it is that part where I hate the most. Your kids are chased away from school and you don't even sell any of those animals to pay for the fees. I remember in one of the WhatsApp groups, some elder says, You are good, my man. You started farming while you were still young. Unlike some of these nowadays youths, this new generation, they hate farming. I said, yes, partly you also contributed for young people to hate farming. I know this one is painful. Back in rural areas, you find that we used to wake up at four o'clock, go and cultivate the field. Then after that, we go to school. At school, you arrive late and you are beaten. In my mindset, why I'm late at school is because I woke up, I'm tired already. I'm failing at school. I'm sleeping while I'm trying to read. So when I'm reading, I'm saying, I want to run away from this situation. I want to work comfortably. Then you come from school. When you get home, you pass, you go and look for those cattle. Then you are chased away from school and your parents are failing to sell one of their cattle to pay for your fees. So now you don't see the value of having those animals at home. So even if you are now having that white-collar job, working in offices, you hate rural areas. But for your own information, rural area is the best part where you can do your farming at your own pace without any pressure, not paying rentals and all that. The land is free. Or can I say, it's affordable. You can do your projects and you don't have measurements like what happens in areas where you are buying the land. They will tell you, we can only allow you to operate in a two hectare plot. But in a rural area, you can even have more land as long as you're in good relationship with the local people. So that's the best place to do our farming. Put business principles in it. This thing of just keeping animals without any value in them, it makes us even sometimes reluctant to even to buy medicines, to dip them, to treat them. That's why sometimes you find that there are some outbreaks of some silly diseases in rural areas because people are not paying much attention to the value of those animals or value of that land. So when we change that perspective or that mentality to say, oh guys, when you're having your animals at home, there might be 10, there might be five. Put a value in them. See it as a business. One of the days where you are keeping animals just because I'm a man. No, no, no, no. I always tell people that if I'm going to do my farming like how my grandfather used to do it, there was no reason for me to be born. I was born so that I can take it to another level. One time I bought a buck for 10,000. By then it was a lot because I was still starting and it was affected by hot water and I lost that buck within a few hours. So if I got into the game because I was told that there is money or I was not determined, I was going to just say, ah, I'm done. This thing is not paying off. But because I got into this business because of passion, because of love of goats, especially Boa Goat. I have seen people are breeding color, nice color, brown in color. I've seen people are breeding savannas, complete white. You know, you see them walking. They're like, wow. But still I will still come back home and say, ah, me, I think I love Boa Goat. So you hear someone saying, I want to start, but I don't know where to start. At the moment you tell me that you don't know where to start. I won't take you serious. Because what will make me take you serious is, Ntando, I've identified, I want to be a stud breeder. I want to be a dairy breeder. I want to be a meat farmer, supply meat market. Then even the advice is so easy when someone knows what he or she wants to achieve. On the money part of it, money was never affected because I know that with anything you can make money. My friend, people are making money by selling soil. People are making money by selling manure. People are making money by planting trees. Is the business of goat farming lucrative? Yeah. To be honest with you, I never thought that someone might live by only farming goats. I've never imagined, but I can safely say, tell you that for the past four years, I have lived by goats alone. I have traveled to some places that I've never thought. Even my salary comes from goats. The salary of my guys that I'm working with comes from goats. The money to buy feed for goats comes from goats. I'm 100% on goats. When I'm buying the goats for my breeding, I pay attention to certain genetics. I don't just buy a goat because I see it's nice. No, I pay attention to certain genetics. That's part of breeding. Number two, I know who I want to supply, so I have to know what they want. Number three, it keeps me researching, okay, which genetics are now on the market? What do people want? Where exactly do they want it? Is it Malawi? Is it Zimbabwe? Is it Kenya? Is it Tanzania? I have to know that. One can make a living out of goats. Either you're in the meat market or you are in the breeding part of it. When you are in the meat market, it's mostly about the volumes, quantity. Who are the target markets in the meat market? Or should I say slaughter animals? Muslims, they are number one big market, my friend. At one time, they approached me and said they wanted 200 male goats. 200? Yes, at one go, especially when they are doing their events, the Ramadan and all that stuff. They buy in bulk. Number two, people are doing tradition, especially in South Africa, they buy a lot of goats. Number three, our neighbours during festive season, people want to pry. You cannot slaughter a cow. They want something that they can slaughter and enjoy with the family and just share with neighbours, something small. Number three, restaurants, the kitchens, the restaurants. I have seen that. Nowadays, we are living in the days where everything is just quick, instant, instant. If you see that even in townships, there are a lot of kitchens around. People are no longer believing in this cooking thing. When you come from work, you have to cook. A lot of people, they buy food on their way home. So there are a lot of kitchens. Those are also our markets when you are supplying the meat market. Even hotels, those are some of the people. Supermarkets, those are also big markets. I remember at one time, there was a farm manager from a spa who approached the farmers and said, I want, may you please assist me, we want farmers to supply us with 20 goats per week. 20 goats per week? 20 goats per week. We failed. Not because we didn't have goats. So why is it that people are having the audacity to say that goat farming doesn't have a market? It's easy for someone who doesn't do research to say anything. Remember, everyone has a right to say whatever they want. Especially if you don't pay attention to what is happening. The person might say that because he owns 10 goats. The moment someone says we want 200 goats, they don't pay attention because he knows or she knows that he or she cannot what? Supply. The problem that we are having, people don't have volumes. We go around telling people, I'm a farmer, I'm a farmer, I only have 20 goats. And those goats are for slaughter. So the moment a giant supermarket wants you to supply, you only have 20 goats. The moment they come, one week they are done, you are left with nothing. But if you can invest in big volumes, for example, if I'm to advise someone who wants to start a goat farming target in meat market, I would say get between 100 to 300 females. 100 to 300? Yes. 100 to 300 females. In the meat production? Yes. 100 to 300 females, then get either Boa goat, Kalahari or Savannah crossbreed with those females. Yes, you might try to breed your female just after giving birth. You give it one month, then you breed again. It can give birth to two times a year. But that thing is very dangerous. How? There are a lot of complications that happen when animals or even people are giving birth. That's why in our tradition, one of the special people in the family is the person who is pregnant or the person who is having a child who is still young. In Ndebele, we call them Umlezan, is a special person. That person gets every nice thing at home. Exactly. Yes. Because they want that person to heal and also build up the body condition. I've seen that people don't pay attention to body condition. Even when you are preparing your females for mating, first you have to flash feed them, give them nutritious feed. Then they maintain a perfect body condition. A malnutritioned female doesn't go on heat. That's why sometimes you hear someone saying, Ah, I have my goats, they are not followed. Yeah, this thing will not go on heat. If it goes on heat, then when it's about to give birth, you have to feed them so that the body condition becomes better and they don't face difficulties in giving birth. If you don't feed your pregnant females, they are likely to have miscarriage because they don't have power to push. They are likely to have abortions. It's a natural thing that happens with animals. When they are not well fed, when they are pregnant, they say it's better not to give birth to the kid in such an environment. So they get rid of that kid. Defensive mechanism. Yes, yes. That's why you find that there are a lot of farmers who cry because of miscarriage during winter season because the pastures are not as nutritious as when it's rain season. So always advise farmers to supplement their lactating females or their pregnant females. If a pregnant animal, when it's not well fed and it gives birth, it will give birth to weak kids. And the weak kids, the survival rate is very low. That's why you find some people saying, hey, my goats are giving birth but they are dying. They want to give injections. No, it's not injections that are needed. It's food. So you have to feed your animals, supplement them. Why is it people are failing farming in Africa? I will say, okay, from the legal knowledge I have in farming, I will say people are failing in farming number one. Number one problem is individualism. The majority of farmers are not united. And you cannot succeed in the farming environment when you are running a solo game. It's a game of having networks. Okay, for example, I gave you an example where a manager from a Chinese supermarket said, guys, we want you to supply us with goats. But we failed because every farmer wanted his name to be known there. I'm the one who has to supply them. But you don't have the animals. You cannot supply them constantly. You cannot keep on. Okay, number one is individualism. We cannot meet the market. Number two is the issue of, I will say, lack of market research. Someone is doing a project. He doesn't know, just 100 kilometers away, what do they want? Mostly, we have got that mentality of saying, this is my rural area. That's where I'm going to do my thing. You don't want to think outside that country of yours. You don't want to think outside that continent of yours. And another thing, I will say number four, we take farming as a weekend job. Or something that I might think about when I'm bored. Let me go, let me visit my farm and go and see how it is. Someone might buy an expensive goat. I was laughing at one of the, just a few weeks back. Someone bought goats from auction. Then he's saying, ah, my goats are potting. I'm asking, what are you feeding? He's saying, they're eating grass. What? During winter, already grass, the nutritional composing has gone down. You're only feeding grass. And they are pregnant. You want to maintain that potting condition. You have invested 20,000 rands. You have invested 30,000 or 50,000 rands. And you are failing to buy a bag of feed, which is 350 rands, which is around $20. So we just buy an animal. We just put it there in rural areas. You leave it there. In fact, you dump it there. You go back to your town life. Then when you get pot after some weeks or some months, you're like, ah, let me go back to my rural area and see how the goat is doing. No. You have to have knowledge about what's going on. I'm not saying urbanization or staying in town affects how we manage our goats. No. Another thing, number five, is commercialization. We don't take these things as business. We are just keeping cattle at home. OK. As a man, I need to have cattle. As a man, I have to have animals at home. Someone was saying, I want it to be a retirement package. No. It's a business. It's a project. The moment you put the word business in it, you are going to invest in it. You are going to pay attention. Because you cannot just throw your money in the rural area and leave it like that. But you have to pay attention to it. What does the business of farming in South Africa look like to you? The business in South Africa, what I like about South Africa, it's a country that they do a lot of exports. OK. They don't only pay attention to the local demand. But they also pay attention to outside wealth. I was shocked some time when I was doing a research and found that South Africa exports lucerne to Europe. Lucerne? Yeah. Lucerne and that Heracrostes or Teff grass. It's easy to access even knowledge. It's easy to access markets. Of course, some markets already, they are monopolized. They have got certain big guys that are operating. So if you are operating in South Africa, you have to have your own niche market where you're like, OK, our target to supply. On my side, my target market is export. To other countries. For your own information, in Africa alone, out of 54 countries, bua goats are mostly found in South Africa, Namibia and Botswana. So the demand is huge. Not any time are we going to satisfy it. I've been following of late, we have got a lot of young people who are coming into farming. Even if you check on social media, there are young people that are coming into farming, which is very interesting. Young people are energetic. Anything that is young people, there are high chances that that thing will be sustainable. They are willing to research. They are willing to accept challenges. We are hoping to get more young people on the ground. I have seen, even when I was in Malawi attending a trade fair, I was getting a lot of visits from young people asking questions. How to farm with goats? I was even encouraging them that it's not all about bua goats. You can also farm with your local goats. Same even when I was in Zim. I was telling people you can also farm. So a lot of people now, as far as at one time, urbanization was the order of the day. Everyone wanted to go and stay in town. But nowadays, people are investing back in rural areas. Some are even buying farms. Some are even renting farms. I think it's high time where young people are investing in farming. And again, long back, being employed used to be something of prestige. But not nowadays. Look at how many influencers who are making money through doing different things. A lot of them. They are at home. It's even worse. On TikTok, you find someone dancing and he's having 1 million followers. He's dancing at his place, his own place. So how people now make money or a living is different. So I think it's also another thing that is making people to invest back in the farms. Success is not a matter of the size of the land. It's the size of the mindset. We can give you a lot of money, but if your mindset is not on developing, your mindset is not on building success, you will lose that money. I said with the small place that I'm going to get, I'm going to do wonders. As far as sometimes I will wake up and say, I wish I would do one, two years. Then I said, before I acquire more land, let me first fully utilize what I have. That's the challenge that sometimes you cry for what you don't have, while at least you are despising what you already have. So the mindset of always wanting more before you even appreciate the small thing that you have. So I said, I want to first fully utilize the available land before I think of getting more bigger land. You mentioned the three types of businesses that can come out of goat farming. Yes. Breeding, dairy, meat. Of all the three, which one is bigger? Which one pays more? My brother, I can safely say every sector is on share in the business world. I'm running away from the issue of saying paying more. It's all about your mindset and your research. For example, let's start with dairy. You have got maybe 10 alpine, British alpine, and they are giving you roughly five liters a day, which means it's 50 liters a day. Then out of that, you get a cheese machine. You make cheese on your own. How much is cheese? That's a lot. So if you are targeting... Dollar, that little piece, what's the dollar? Yes, you see, you are going to... Money, more money is in value addition. If you are going to get that milk and sell it raw, there is no money there. One liter, I might sell it maybe 20 rand, which is around a dollar or so. But I'm telling you, if you make cheese out of that, you are going to sell at a higher price. If you make soap, I've seen that there is a soap that is made out of that, you will make a killing. And if I'm not mistaken, when I was reading somewhere, it says that the best cheese in the world comes from goat milk. There is a high demand for goat milk. So for you to get more money, add value. Let's come to meat market again. Yes, yes, yes. If you are going to sell your animal, a live animal, you're going to sell it around 1,000 rands, 1.5, 2,000 rands, 2.5. But if you slaughter that animal and package it, I've got a friend of mine who is in Harare, who is doing a goat burger, a burger with goat meat, sausages, mince. If you add value, if you slaughter that goat and you package it, that's where your money is. You are going to get more money than selling it at around 500 rands, 1,000 rands. So the money is in value addition. Come also in the breeding side. I know a lot of people think that there is money in breeding business because they see that some goats are sold for 1 million, some goats are sold for half a million, 200,000 rands. It's because those people have invested in genetics. You, you can get into the breeding industry and if they live in to sell it for 10,000 rands, it's around 500 US dollars. Yeah, it's because you are not known. So your brand also contributes in you making money. I know most of the people, when they get into business, they want to make a quick money. My friend, there is no quick money in business, especially in farming. You have to invest in your name, your brand. If it is in genetics, you are also boosting your profile in the industry. Yes. If you are not known, even if you buy a most expensive animal and you bring it tomorrow, we're not going to pay that 1 million that you paid yesterday. So, your name, who is selling that. I understand. So, someone was asking, saying, what makes an animal so expensive, this breeding? Okay, what makes it expensive is the bloodline, the genetics. You know, what you're saying is very true. The name is very important in terms of farming. It seems like the name is important more than money at the end of the day. Your reputation, if you maintain it very well. I was once a worker for this white guy who was doing potatoes. And this guy, he was not worried about the loss that he was making. He wanted to deliver the best quality potatoes to his customers. So we, as his workers, we were seeing that this is a loss. I don't care. I want best quality potatoes to go to my customers. You know why he was doing that? I don't know. Tell me. Consistence. Yes. Service delivery. Yes. Sometimes you become loyal to someone to say, me, I want to deal with Gajeni. Even if he is charging a higher price, I know my goat is going to be delivered. Do you get it? Yes. That's another niche market I discovered. A lot of people are investing back home and buying animals. You want animals for breeding. You have to be consistent in your business. I remember, is it last year? Someone who inquired about goats early 2022. He was asking me by the end of last year, Dando, are you still doing goats? So another thing that is affecting us in business of farming, we are not consistent. Today you are doing cabbages. Next day you are doing donkeys. After two months, after two years, you are doing goats. You are not known. Before we know it, you are now doing cattle. You are not consistent. You need to be consistent in what you are doing so that even if I can refer someone, I know you are going to get the results. Consistent in supplying the same thing. Consistent in improving quality. Let people, did you hear the old man who came earlier here? He said, young man, I'm happy with the improvement that you have done. Yeah, exactly. He said it more than twice. Yes, he was here when I was still starting the project. All these things were not there. Even the quality of the animals that I now have, I didn't have by then. So be consistent in improving the genetics, the services you are doing, so that the people they know, ah, okay, my man, this guy will deliver. So the other thing why I'm targeting export market, a lot of people are investing. They are buying top quality animals, breeding stock. And the majority of people who are doing that are in diaspora. So what do the diaspora people want? They want someone who is reliable. Trustworthy. They want transparency. Yes. In this business, sometimes you can get tempted. Someone will say, I want goats. Here is the money. Buy me goats. If you don't think about two years to come, you will change the number, my friend. In South Africa, it's easy to change the number. I can just throw away a sim card and buy another one. Yes. Then I run away, I disappear. I'm thinking about now, not two years to come. Will that person refer other people to me? Definitely no. So in 2022, there was a foot and mouth here in South Africa. So I spent most of my time in Namibia. So that side, I was renting a plot for quarantine. I lost 40 goats on quarantine. 40 goats? Yeah. And they were worth plus 200,000. It was, to be honest, I'm sorry to say this, but I almost hanged myself. But I'm happy my family and my guys supported me. Even some of the clients. Sometimes you can turn your clients into partners. They support you, you tell them your story. It became, it was, it's something that came even on WhatsApp groups, on social media. I didn't run away. I started to talk to guys. This is the situation that happened. Guys, be here with me. So the whole of 2023, I was paying for those goats. I'm left with five out of 40 goats to give to one of the farmers in Kadoma. So why did I do that? I could have disappeared. But because I love this thing, the boa goat, not the money. I love to be a farmer, not the money. Or the fear. And I wanted also to protect the name. I might fail to leave a lot of money for my children. But wherever, whoever will say, will hear that this boy is a son of Ntando, of Kacheni Boa Goat. Like, ah, I used to work with your father. Oh, my father used to work with your father. The name. So sometimes you might not leave a lot of tangible things, but you may leave contents. You may leave reference. You may leave the name. I have seen people, you know, when I was at school, when I was growing up, back home. You know, sometimes I will hear those old senior teachers at school calling some guys with their parents' name. So what about my parents? What happened? So I found that sometimes if you protect the name, it will give a better future to your children than leaving them something. So partly why we fail in business or farming is because I scam you today. There's, ah, I managed to escape. But tomorrow you will need clients. I was saying earlier to you, I no longer advertise as I used to advertise. My man, I used to advertise on Facebook. Almost on weekly basis, I'll be having quotes for sale. I hardly advertise. Guess who is advertising me? All the clients. They refer. Nowadays, we live by referrals. Someone will tell you, ah, my man, like that guy who called me earlier in Cape Town, who wants his ghost to go to him. He said, I was given your number by someone. He said, if I come to you, I will get the ghost that I want. What does it mean? I don't know that person. He didn't see the advert on Facebook or what, but he was referred by someone. Trusting the name. So sometimes allow your name to go beyond you. Don't go beyond your, don't be the one who is leading your name. No, allow your name to lead. You might make losses, but protect the brand. Let the brand speak. Wow. Honestly, I've learned today. And this, what you're saying right now, it does not only apply to farming. It applies to any type of business. In fact, you know what, sometimes I get visitors here. Sometimes I don't ask my guys to open the gate. I run there to open the gate. Many times. Why? I mean, you opened the gate for us. Yes. I know people like bossy, bossy thing. Here, we don't have bosses. We don't have workers. We are a team that are doing the project. That's amazing. Yeah. So sometimes I run to open the gate. Guess what? They say, we are looking for Fontando of Kachinipuakos. They'll be looking, even some of the guys, they've been told, we're looking for someone, someone with a big stomach. Like, ah, it's me. Like, ah, no, no, no, it's not true. So the moment we come to goats now, we start to talk about goats. They're like, ah, you are the guy. The knowledge that will be coming out. Yes. You knew that this comes with risk. Yes. You lost 40 goats. And at the end of the day, depression kicks in. You don't know how to handle situation. Others would run away. Yes. But you say, I will face this situation head on. How do you handle situations like that? Because at the end of the day, if we are to look at breeding itself, it comes with a lot of challenges. You can lose a lot of money. Yes, that's true. The man that was here, he said he lost 70 cows. Brahmins, a few Brahmins. Imagine. And when he was speaking, he is a person who knows that anything can happen in farming. Yes, that's true. For me, when I'm hearing something like that, I'm not yet a farmer. I'm still a student. My heart, I'm afraid for my heart. So I want to ask you, how do you handle such situations? Okay, first of all, farming is not for the faint-hearted. Exactly. Someone told me that farming is not for those who have chicken blood. Yes, yes. The moment you want to be a farmer, be determined that you are going to stand against the storm. Not that storm meaning challenges. No, the real storm. You are going to have a drought. You are going to have issues of disease outbreaks. Sometimes you're going to lose friends because farming needs you always. So you're going to lose friends sometimes where you cannot go for partying. Weekends, you're always with your animals. Yes, you told me that you're always here. Yeah, when I'm not here, I'm at the auction. You make sure that you eat. Okay, my first thing when I wake up, I eat porridge. You love porridge. Yeah. When I got married, my wife told me that she doesn't like cooking porridge. I said, oh my dear, I think we have to do the practicals. Because one thing that I love, it's my porridge in the morning. So because I also love goats, I have to make sure that early morning I get my porridge. As soon as I leave my bed, I get porridge. I bath, then I come to the goats. I don't care about tea. I know some people say, ah, breakfast is the best meal. For me, my porridge is the best meal of the day. So I come this side. So sometimes I end up eating my breakfast maybe around one or two as long as I'm this side with the goat. I am grateful for the opportunity that you presented to me to come to South Africa. I've learned a lot. Thank you. I was afraid of coming to South Africa, but I'm here. Yeah. And I'm learning. I understand. This is a beautiful country. You can say that again. Pulp kidney. You have to vaccinate your goats against pulp kidney. It's a deadly disease when it comes to goats. Number three is the issue of kid mortality rate. 2022, we lost a lot of our kids. But 2023 and now, so far, so good. We didn't know that we have to pay attention to nutrition. Nutrition is one of the most important parts that you have to pay attention to when you are keeping livestock. The other thing, which is a challenge when it comes to goats, is stock theft. Farmers have to pay attention to the security around their place. Put cameras. Put dogs also. Here we breed Anatolian shepherd dogs. We'll show you. Put dogs there. At least they will help you. You can even keep those dogs, what we call it, Hansa. Yeah, that makes noise wherever there's a movement. Yes. You can keep those. Some, they keep even ostrich. Ostrich, they can protect your place. They can kick any intruder.