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hey guys just before we get into the
lesson I just want to let you know that
you can catch these Live on YouTube uh
every Tuesday from 6 p.m until 7 P.M in
the UK time and that means you can be
more interactive you can ask your
questions and they'll be answered okay
so without further Ado let's get into
the lesson
okay so uh welcome back guys to another
one of the tuition lessons so today as
promised we're going to go through some
of the much harder probability questions
that you can come across uh in your
exams so the first few are going to be a
very similar style so the method is
quite similar but because it's very
difficult conceptually I decided to get
a bunch of them from different years
uh so we can do all of them at once okay
but then there are basically two major
types of question we're going to be
doing today
and the first one uh looks something
like this so we have some red counters
and some blue counters in a bag
there's a ratio of red to blue so three
to one two counters are removed at
random and the probability that both are
blue is 1 over 20.
so work out how many counters are in the
bag before any counters were removed now
there are two ways to do this okay
um one way is by using a probability
tree
which again some people like doing these
questions tend to be five marks by the
way just so you're aware so you can use
a probability tree
or you can work out the probabilities
kind of just in your head so at first
I'm going to do it via a probability
tree just so you can see exactly what's
going on but once you're comfortable
you're more than welcome to not use the
tree
so first of all we don't know how many
counters there are that's actually what
we're going to be working out
so the only piece of information they
give us is that the ratio of blue to Red
is three to one
so what that means is that there are
three times
the number of blue counters
as red
sorry not as are red
okay so in other words red
equals three times blue
okay
so we can we can actually put in a value
what happens when we don't know what a
number is well we use a variable so if I
say that the number of blue counters
is equal to X then the number of red
counters equals 3x
okay which means the total number of
counters is going to be
4X 3x plus X
now what we're going to do is write out
our probability tree
and we're going to look for the branch
that leads us to two blue counters being
taken
okay
so if we start it off there are two
options at the beginning either he picks
a red
which we don't actually care about
because we want two blue counters right
but I'm going to include it just for now
and then I'll cross it out later
so what's the probability of picking a
red counter
first
well when we work out probabilities what
we do is we take the number that we're
interested in so the three x red
counters and divide it by the total so
we're going to have 3x over X over 4X
and yes you can simplify this to three
over four
okay which means
for blue counters it would be X over 4X
again
because we're looking for so again I'm
going to continue this
where he then picks red and blue again
however hopefully you can see that this
whole top Branch I don't actually care
about
because we're looking for
two blue counters
I'm going to include it just for this
first question so you can see what's
going on okay
so
if he takes one red counter
the number of red counters left over is
now 3x
minus 1.
right
and the total number of counters are now
4X
minus one
okay
and therefore the probability of getting
blue is going to be X and again the
total number has decreased to 4X minus
1.
perfect
and a welcome Lila as well
so now let's go down the bottom path but
again if you notice I actually don't
need
any of the top stuff because I'm looking
for both Blues so from now on I'm not
going to include the top branch and the
reason why I'll do that is because in
your exam it's good practice to do as
little working out as possible although
that sounds weird you don't want to
waste time working out this top Branch
if you don't need it
okay so let's go on to here I haven't
given myself too much room let's do red
and blue over here as well
so I've taken the blue counter then
there's still the same number of red
counters but I reduce the total by one
and with the blue counters I have x
minus one
over four x minus 1.
and that is what our tree looks like
okay
now they tell me the probability of
getting two Blues is one over twenty
so if I work that out the probability of
getting two Blues well let's look at our
tree if you remember from last lesson
when we go along the tree
we times it so the probability of
getting the first blue is X
over 4X
policy getting the second blue is x
minus one over four x minus 1.
and we're told that that will equal 1
over 20.
okay
so give me a second just to kind of
process that
all okay any questions at all
[Music]
perfect
okay good so now what I'm going to do is
I'm going to cancel this down so you can
see that we can cross an X off the top
and bottom so that makes it 1 over 4
times
x minus 1
over 4X minus 1.
and we're solving for x so solving this
there's a bunch of different ways so you
could times both sides by 4 if you
wanted to that's one way to do it
or you can actually times the fractions
together so when you times fractions you
times the numerators so the numerator if
you times it by one stays as x minus one
times the Bottom by four so we have four
times four x is 16x
and 4 times minus 1 is minus four
equals one over twenty
now what we do here in order to solve
this is what I like to do is cross
multiply so what I do is I
again there are a few ways to do this
when you cross multiply I'm basically
timesing both sides by 20
and I'm timesing it by 16x minus 4.
so what that means is this left side is
just Times by 20. so you have 20 x minus
1 and because I've also Times by 16x
minus 4 it gets rid of the denominator
and the right hand side so I want you to
let me know if that's okay I have
skipped a step so if it's not okay
please let me know the other side the
over 20 goes away so it just leaves me
with 16x minus 4 which is Times by 1 so
it's 16x minus 4.
don't understand okay cool
let's go back
so if I want to solve this what I'm
going to do is I want to get I want to
get rid of the fractions right so what
I'm going to do first is times
everything by 20.
okay both sides by 20. that leaves me
with 20
x minus 1
over
16x minus 4. okay
and the other side 1 over 20 times 20 is
just going to be one right so if you
Again by the way this question it
probably it's on a non-calculator paper
this is just for demonstration if you
times a fraction by its own denominator
so its own bottom number it just comes
one okay it cancels out so
this is going to equal
20.
yeah so Lila is that okay
so there's times both sides by 20.
cool now if I want to get rid of this
other fraction I need to times it by its
denominator so 16x minus 4.
let's go down a bit also let me know if
the um writing's big enough as well uh
so yeah that'd be 20 x minus one
and hopefully you're okay with the same
logic as this
since I've times this fraction by its
own denominator the denominator goes
away
okay so for example if I did 2 over 20
times 20 I'm left with just the
numerator
okay so it's the same thing here
and that's going to equal
20.
16x minus 4.
oh wait hold on hold on hold on
apologies that should equal one
my bad so this just equals
1 times 16x minus four so it's just
equal to 16x minus four
so is that all okay now
so again in future you can kind of uh
do it all in one step like I did before
it's called cross multiplication if you
want to look it up it's just when you
times the whole thing by both of the
denominators it just gets rid of the
fractions Okay cool so now if we want to
solve this equation I think we're
actually pretty good at solving this
kind of equation it's just linear so
let's expand the brackets we have 20x
minus 20. equals 16x minus 4.
so gather the X's to one side so I like
to get rid of the smallest X so that's
16x in this case
and what I'm going to do is I'm going to
start again from up here
20x minus 16x is 4X
minus 20 equals minus 4.
add 20 to both sides
4X equals 16.
so then X is equal to 4.
however that's not my answer
so this is actually where most students
lose the last Mark so some so that by
the way this is a Grade 9 question okay
so this is the thing that's stopping you
from getting a grade nine okay up to now
is four marks
if we look at the question it says how
many counters were in the bag so how
many were in total
okay so the total is 4X so the total is
equal to
4 times 4
which is 16.
that's your final answer and that'll be
the fifth mark
see how sneaky that is
so most students so some of the top
students get to this step and they're
done they say cool solved it
be really careful of what the question
says
and again this is literally like a Grade
9 probability question
okay uh any questions about that
okay
perfect so if you're okay with that
that's grade nine probability
not too shabby
so let's do another one so this question
is it'll turn up in another year
it's the same thing
okay
but
uh the numbers are different okay so
just to make sure you're okay with this
let's go through it so again we have a
very pretty much the same question
okay I probably should both take taken
of red Okay cool so in this case we have
that again blue is equal to X
but in this case red is equal to 4X
and so the total equals
5x but again look at the last line we're
looking for the number of blue counters
which is just going to be X so we don't
we won't get tricked like in the
previous question okay
now once again
we can draw a probability tree however
as you practice this you might notice
you don't even need one you can jump
straight to
this working out here
but let's draw the tree again but I'm
not going to draw both branches okay so
we have
let's say that's blue
that's red
I'm not going to draw anything up there
because we're looking for Two Reds okay
but
probably getting a blue at first is X
over 5X
and the red is 4X
over 5X
now if we just follow the bottom path
again I don't actually need
this one up here
right because I don't care about red
blue I care about red red so let's just
work out red red well
the number of Reds has decreased by one
so it's four x minus one
over five x minus 1.
see how quick that diagram was
by focusing on just the bits that you
need you can save a lot of time okay and
we're looking and it tells me the
probability that both are red is 22 over
35. so probability of red red
well the problems are getting one red is
4X
over 5X
probably so getting another X is 4X
minus 1 over 5x minus one
and that equals is it wait
22 over 35 perfect
now we do the exact same thing okay
so cancel the X's
and then we can again either times the
fractions away or we can combine them so
4 times the numerator here would give me
4 times 4X is 16x
and 4 times minus 1 is minus four
five times five x is 25x
5 times minus 1 is minus 5.
22
over 35.
okay
so believe you me uh these do get a bit
trickier as we go along okay I promise
but hopefully this is looking a bit
familiar
so just to save
pain
I'll do this one step at a time so times
both sides by 35
so we have
I'm not going to expand it just yet
and that will equal 22.
then times both sides by the other
denominator again you can do this in one
step but if you're ever unsure
do it in two steps
and that would give me 35
x minus 4.
was 22
minus five
oh good
so
now we need to expand the brackets so we
can do 35 times 16 which would be
560 X
minus 140
22 times 25 would be 550
and 22 times 5 would be a minus 110.
okay
I'll stop for a second uh is that all
okay so far so again very similar to the
previous question
uh the mental maths so
um
honestly it's practice yeah it's it's
practice uh so what I did is so if I do
35 times 16
in my head I'm thinking of 30 times 16
and I'm thinking of 5 times 16.
and because I've done Maths for so long
and taught it for so long
that's fairly quick for me
so the way I do this is 16 times 3 it's
48 add a zero so 480. 5 times 16 would
be a hundred and sixty well 160 divided
by 2 would be 80 add it together gives
you 560.
and again I I've mentioned my trick for
multiplying by five before you times it
by 10 and then half it
so 16 times 10 is 160 divided by 2 is
80.
and again with 16 times 30 I did 16
times 3 which is 48
add a zero
honestly it comes with practice
I'm a lot older than you and I've done
maths pretty much since I was
well since I was in primary school so
it's just practice
okay it's not about smart or intelligent
or anything like that
all about practice
and yeah you pick up tricks as you go
along as well
so next
uh again if we're solving this it's a
linear equation uh hopefully that's
fairly
standard this is the smaller one so I'm
going to subtract 550x from both sides
560 minus 550 is 10x
minus 140
equals minus 110
so now I want to get rid of the minus
140 so plus 140
so 10x
140 minus 110 is basically what we're
doing is 30 so x equals 3 and if you
remember the original question actually
said find the number of blue counters
which is equal to X so the number of
blue counters is indeed three
so you won't get tricked in this case
but you would have been tricked in the
previous one potentially
is that style of question okay because
the next style is going to look very
similar
but it's actually different
okay it will look similar similar method
but it's different okay that's all fine
good good good good good okay
so the next type
it kicks up a bit okay so I've mentioned
before that they give you unseen marks
right 10 of your grade is unseen okay
which means 10 of the marks gives you a
more difficult situation okay
so when they first gave these questions
you can see you're solving linear
equations right
so one year they decided to give you a
quadratic equation to solve now that
isn't too bad but a lot of students
panicked okay but let's go through it I
promise you it's not too difficult
so five red and Y blue counters in a bag
Imogen takes accounts from the bag puts
it back into the bag
then takes another counter there's a few
different things here okay
I'm going to show I'll show you how that
kind of uh plays out
so
let's do it probability that the first
counter is red and the second is red is
one over nine so again
if we draw a little diagram
that will be blue
that would be red I don't care about
that then we're going to have again blue
and red but I don't care about this
so this is actually a bit trickier
so if I rewrite this here so red equals
five nice and easy
blue equals y which means the total
is equal to Y Plus 5.
okay
so
if we go along here what's the
probability probability of getting a red
well there's five Reds and in total
there's y plus five
counters
now
she takes it out and then replaces it so
the total number of counters and the
number of red counters is exactly the
same
so that is something that's different a
lot of the time they don't replace it is
that okay
so in this case they're not they're
replacing the counter so our probability
actually stays the same for both times
that will okay for you guys
I think that's all right
perfect good so again it's a bit tricky
so
I'm not gonna like everyone does this
right but in an exam students tend to
read quickly and because you would have
practiced so much you'll see this
question and you'll start to fill in the
blanks your brain will do it
automatically right have you ever seen
that thing on like Instagram or Facebook
where they write words but they scramble
the middle of the word but you can still
read what the word is it's a similar
thing your brain's going to fill in what
it thinks should be the question so read
it really carefully okay because in this
case she puts it back into the bag every
student that I see that does this for
the first time misses that and they
start writing y plus four and four here
okay so really be careful
tells us that property of the first
counter
exactly so you know exactly what it is
but our brains do it automatically we
fill in patterns right our brains do
that on purpose so it's not really your
fault you just have to consciously
change it
for exams anyway it's good in general
but it's not good uh in exams
so basically the problems you're getting
too red is one over nine this
is pretty easy number so probability
of red red is equal to uh one over nine
and again this was also in a
non-calculator paper okay
uh I probably shouldn't have written it
like that so let's see how we would we
would do it so we have five over y plus
five
and again multiply it same way
five over y plus five
equals one over nine
so let's do the um
multiplication
five times five is twenty-five
now
there are two ways I can write this
I'm going to write it like this for now
but can you see I could have also
written that
as y plus 5 squared
you see it's the same thing
I'm sorry
if not it's totally fine but those are
both the same thing
times both sides by nine
225 times 9 is 225
to work that out quickly 10 times 25 IS
250
so all I'm doing is subtracting 25 from
it which is 225.
for 9 times 25.
okay so 225 over
y plus 5 and again if you wanted to
write this as squared that's totally
fine
equals 1.
cool now I'm going to multiply by the
other denominator which is y plus 5y
plus 5 or Y plus 5 squared if you're
feeling fancy
so we get 225
equals
y plus five
in Brackets
y Plus 5.
now whenever we have brackets we started
to expand the brackets right so let's
expand these brackets we have 225
equals y times Y is y squared
5y plus 5y so we get 10y
5 times 5 is 25.
okay so solving this is where
some students got a bit scared
but the thing is it's just a quadratic
right
you definitely know how to do this all
you need to do is make it equal to zero
so we're going to minus 225 from both
sides so we get y squared
Plus 10y
whoops minus 200.
equals zero so I'm hoping that you can
see all I've done is
flipped it round
is that okay
and then all we need to do is solve this
so I'm looking for two numbers they need
to times to minus 20.
both are add to Plus
10 sorry minus 200 sorry
so I would say that that would be
plus 20 minus 10. so my two brackets are
y Plus 20.
y minus 10
equals zero so why either let's write it
over here
y equals minus 20.
or
y equals 10.
there's a problem I have two answers but
if I look at the question it says how
many blue counters are there
can I say that there are either this or
this many
so as a challenge to you how many
counters are in the bag how many blue
cancers are in the bag
so is y equal to minus 20 or 10
or have we done something wrong
and give me a reason if you can
uh Evie why'd you say that
and Lila perfect well done you're right
it's 10. not negative good it's a number
of counters right can I have negative 10
counters
no Okay so
y equals ten
and you can actually just write that you
don't need a reason but you don't need a
reason I'm going to write a reason
because it's not negative can't have
negative number of counters
good so another time you might see
something like this is you know they
give you a shape
and they give you like X plus one as one
side and X plus two is the other side
and they say the area is equal to
something solve it you'll get a positive
and negative answer just be aware that
you know lengths can't be negative
either
yeah really well done
so again as practice we're going to go
through another question which is very
similar to it
okay
so
very very similar
okay actually was this question okay
first
was anything you want explained again or
perfect so again these are some of the
hardest questions by the way and
hopefully you can see why they were hard
right like if if you saw this question
in an exam and you've never done it
before
it's not easy
but hopefully this is uh helping you
understand
so again we've got one more example
question uh again very similar to what
we just did X blue counters for red
counter so red equals four
blue equals X and that means the total
is X Plus 4.
now here's a question okay
have the count has been replaced
no it just says they're removed
so in other words
not replaced
so just as a like a general thing
if they're like dealing out cards or
picking counters or doing anything like
this anything that implies that if it
doesn't say it's replaced
it means it isn't replaced okay so the
only time that you can say that it's
been replaced is if it literally says
the counters or the cards or the coins
are replaced okay if not then you can't
assume that it is so this question has
become slightly trickier
um and we're looking for two Blues so
again
I should leave it Squad up a bit
we have a red don't care
the blue
then another red don't care and another
blue
so probability of picking a blue will be
X over X plus four because there are X
blue counters and there are X plus four
total counters
now
how many blue counters are left it'll be
x minus one and how many total counters
are left to be X plus three
because if I have X plus four minus one
it'd just be X plus three
are we all okay with that
good stuff
very good stuff
okay now it's saying that the
probability of both are blue
is saying if we both are blue then what
we're going to do is have
it'll be one over three okay
so
probability blue blue
is going to be
X
over X plus four
times
x minus 1 over X plus three that will
equal a third
okay and then we're doing the exact same
thing again it's a bit more painful
because we have
a slightly strange set
I'm using a writing pad
so x times x minus 1 will be
X
minus one
over then we have X plus four
X
three
equals a third
okay and then doing the exact same thing
again we're going to cross multiply and
times both sides by 3
. so the top of this will be 3x
x minus 1.
over
X plus four
X plus three
equals one
and now we're just going to Times by the
denominator okay
that's with
um
perfect
okay so the next step in solving this
will be just to expand and then solve
the quadratic okay
so it shouldn't be too bad so 3x times x
3x squared
minus 3x
equals x times x is x squared
plus 4X plus 3x or E plus seven X
and then Plus
12.
hopefully that's not too bad
so far is everyone okay with that
yeah
perfect
good
so to solve this we want to bring all of
the x's and bring everything to one side
now the easiest thing to do would be to
move all of this to the other side
because we don't want to have negative x
squared okay
so if I move all of this over I get 3x
squared minus x squared is 2x squared
minus 3x minus 7x would be minus 10x
minus and then just minus 12.
um is that okay or do you want me to go
through that a bit more uh slowly
good perfect
now when you're solving this again it's
a non-calculator paper so you have to
factorize or you can use the quadratic
formula if you're really confident but
what I uh one piece of advice I'd give
you is if you can divide by something
then do it so can you see I can divide
all of these by two
right
and I get x squared
minus 5x minus 6 equals zero
that's a lot easier to solve than 2x
squared minus 10x minus 12 because you
know when there's a number in front of x
squared you have to do a slightly longer
method usually so
uh two numbers at times minus six add to
minus five that's going to be minus six
and one so we have x minus six
X plus one
equals zero so we have X is equal to six
or X is equal to minus one
so again in this case uh you guys gave
me the right answer before which one are
we going to choose we're going to choose
x equals six
and that's six marks
um the reason why it's six marks and the
others were five is because this is a
quadratic you have to solve they give
you an extra mark
okay
um
I think do you have to solve it by
factorizing
is that what you mean
uh
a common factor out of the
is that is that referring to this step
when I divided by two
yeah okay
um so you don't have to you don't have
to
right if I solved this expression here
right if I solved it I would get the
same answer so you don't have to do it
I think what your teachers mean by have
to is that you should
because it's a lot easier
if you want we can solve it that way
right now and I can show so like you're
looking for two numbers at times the
minus 24.
add to -10 so that'd be minus 12 and 2.
so you have 2x squared minus 12x
plus 2X
minus 12. yeah you can get you get the
same thing right so to
yeah so you still get the same thing you
don't have to do it
the only thing that really matters is
the answer
but it is it is useful to do it
um
just so you guys know the next question
is actually very similar to this one so
do you want me to go through another one
where it's a quadratic
as practice
would you rather we move on
no okay
Okay cool so
the next question that we can go on then
so again this is the question that's
very similar
so I won't go through that this question
it is very similar
but there's two parts
right so five marks and then a two Mark
part is seven marks in total so it's
probably good for us to go through this
um
and again it's slightly it's slightly
different okay so let's go through this
one instead I'm actually quite impressed
that you are fine with doing the
quadratics this is a quadratic but if
you read the question it is slightly
different right there are n counters in
a bag so they give us that the total
equals n
four of them are red so red equals four
so that means that blue
equals n minus four
okay
then Ross takes a counter from the bag
does not replace it and takes another
one two Blues is one third okay so once
again
let's do
red
blue don't care about this
red don't care
blue
suppose it's getting blue originally is
n minus four
over n
and getting a blue after that would be n
minus 5 over n minus 1. it's n minus
five because we have n minus four minus
another one
hopefully that will make sense
okay
so it says show that right and hopefully
you can see that that's basically just
when we get to this stage of the working
out
so we're doing the same thing but we're
going to stop once we get our equation
okay
so
two Blues is one-third so we have
probability of two Blues
is n minus four over n
multiplied by n minus five over n minus
one
should give me a third
okay now we're going to follow the same
process okay
um I won't talk through this too much
because I think you guys have got it
I've got the hang of it
but the second you don't understand just
stop me and tell me what um
stage you're stuck on bear in mind there
is a delay in the live stream so I will
be slightly further ahead than you
but just tell me when it doesn't make
sense okay
and I won't waste your time we'll go
through this relatively quickly
the time's over
so in a question like this where some
students will make mistakes
although they're actually quite generous
right
because what they've done is they've
given you the answer right you know
you're going to get this
the problem is is when students do this
algebra since you've done it so much you
tend to rush and you make mistakes
now that I've said that I'm probably
going to make a mistake
so for example they try and expand this
whole thing at once
okay I would leave the three outside the
bracket and expand the two inner
brackets first so n times N N squared
minus four n minus 5n would be minus 9N
plus 20
equals N squared minus n then I expand
okay so 3n squared minus 27 n plus 60
equals N squared minus n
move everything to one side so I'm going
to drag this over 3n squared minus N
squared is N squared
minus 27 n plus n would be minus 26n
plus 60 equals zero uh hold on it should
be a two in front of there my bad
okay
and now if we look
yeah it's meant to be 2N squared I did
spot that
thank you for
thank you for pointing that out
like I said easy to make a mistake right
but as long as you can spot them uh it's
not too bad
um so show that well if you look if I
divide everything by two
I get exactly what the question wants me
to get
N squared minus 13 n
plus 30
equals zero
which is
Point that's five marks I don't think
it's too bad
in terms of a level maths uh live
lessons I do them on Thursdays from 6
p.m to 7 P.M
so I do already do the live maths
lessons
so yeah Thursday 6 p.m
uh any questions about that I think that
I think that part we're completely fine
with find the value of n again I think
you guys are completely fine with it to
be honest
but let's just uh go through the motions
but again it was a slightly different
question
so with mechanics I'm actually going to
start that soon because we've almost
covered all of the pure stuff
but it is every Thursday yeah
okay but so far we're doing pure we're
going to get on to mechanics and then
statistics afterwards okay
so again two numbers at times to 30 and
add to minus 13. so that'd be negative
15 and 2.
so you have n equals 15.
or n equals minus 2.
so
that's our value
perfect
not too bad I should hope
so the next question I have is actually
basically a similar question
is it
and study
oh you're right
15 minus
sorry yeah you're right my bad complete
yeah
that's embarrassing yeah so instead what
you probably want to have is
if I add to minus 13 plus 3 so you would
have to have it would have to be n minus
3 and
is that n minus three
and minus 10 yeah
well spotted sorry
like I said when you've done the algebra
a lot sometimes you rush and you make a
mistake like I just did
thank you for spotting that UV well done
yeah so you know illustrating my point
of course
uh when you've done this quite a lot you
tend to rush and you make mistakes
stupid mistakes what I should have done
and this is how you can check is I
should have expanded this bracket again
to show that I get this yeah so if I
expanded the bracket I would have seen
that I didn't get I think that's
actually what Evie did so if you expand
the bracket you don't get what you had
originally
so I should have done that that's my
fault for being lazy and rushing a bit
but in your exam please please every
time you factorize make sure you expand
it to check it don't do what I did that
was um
very bad so in this case how do we tell
if it's three or ten
well you might be tempted to just say
the bigger number but let's have a look
right
I'm going to rewrite my Solutions up
here
okay
yeah you can set it back in
to work out how many are read
um or into this original equation you
can sub it in
okay however
so that's one way Evie if you sub in n
equals three and n equals 10 into here
one of them will give you kind of a good
solution however if we have a look
for the counters are red and the rest
are blue
so if you look here
right
or here better
can n
be less than four
if I sub in n equals 3 here 3 minus four
is minus one it can't happen
okay
so it has to be n equals 10.
is greater than or equal to 4.
is that okay
in fact it's not even greater than equal
to it's actually just greater than
otherwise you get
zero
uh do you do you guys see how I got that
as the answer
yeah perfect
okay
yeah so the next question actually is a
basically a copy of it
I think you guys are okay with it are
you would you guys say you're okay with
it
I think you guys are
so
here's the next style of question
um it's not in my opinion anyway it's
not as tricky as the others
however it is something we should go
through because we didn't go through it
last week okay so you can uh ease up a
bit it's not as bad hopefully
so the Box you have red blue black green
pens pen is taken at random here's the
probabilities that would be red or green
the probability that the pen will be
black
three times the probability that the pen
will be blue
there are 28 green pens in the Box work
out the number of black pens okay lots
of information
but the bits that we're missing is the
probability of a blue or black pen
so what if we say that the probability
of blue
is
X the probability of
black which I'll say is BL is 3x
you guys okay with that
because the probability that it's black
is three times the probability it's blue
so blue is X black is 3x
now all probabilities add up to one
so in theory
the probability that it's red 0.42 plus
the probability is blue which is X plus
the probability is black which is 3x
plus the probability it's green 0.14
should equal one
so all I need to do is rearrange this
this kind of question uh it's mostly in
the calculator paper so if they ever
give you probabilities as decimals it's
going to be a calculator paper question
unless the decimals are really really
easy like 0.5 and that would be 0.56
equals one
so 4X
equals 1 minus 0.56 is 0.44
so X should equal
0.11
all okay with that
so I didn't use a calculator but I hope
you can see where I got that from
as soon as you confirm I will go on
stuff
so 0.11 for blue black is three times
that so 0.33 okay
so we've used this piece of information
and remember what I said they never give
you useless information so you're going
to be using all of it and again it's a
format question
so far we have two marks so Mark for
creating this equation and a mark
forgetting the probabilities okay
now it says that there are 28 green pens
in the Box we need to work out the total
number of black pens in the Box
okay this is where things get a bit
interesting okay
if there are 28 green pens in the Box
then zero point
the probability of getting green is 0.14
times the total so if I say the total is
just equal to the letter t
so times t
should give me 28.
does that make sense
so if you take the probability of
something and times it by the total
things you have you get the number of
that thing in this case yeah
perfect so in this case if we take the
probability of getting a green pen Times
by all of the pens we get the number of
green pens out
good stuff
the total number of pens is just equal
to 28 over 0.14 so hopefully you can see
this is why
they tend to give you a give it in the
calculator paper though you can work
this out in your head
so 28 divided by 0.14
gives you 200. okay
so there's 200 pens in total
so the number of black pens
is just going to equal the probability
of getting black pen which is 0.33
times 200
which is 66.
okay
[Music]
whoops that was quite bad uh not that
0.33 times 200
is 66.
yes
well done Lila you can
so 0.14 equals uh 28 or 14 is 28 so you
work this out in the ratio you split
what's left you can do that
well played
it's very impressive that you know how
to do that well done