Day - 93 | History | Nationalist Phase 1905 - 1917 | Mr. Kishore Kumar

Greetings to my dear friends. I am your Kishore Kumar. So far, we have seen how the socio-religious reform movement has developed, how our nationalism has developed, who all contributed to it, what they did in religious reforms, what they did in social reforms, what they did for women's emancipation, what they did to remove caste, what they did to remove untouchability, what steps they took, who were the important leaders, how they took the steps, we saw that in the last class. So, what we are going to see in this class is, it is with respect to the face of extremist face. They call it extremist face. When does it come to light? It comes to light through the event called Partition of Bengal. So, what we are going to see in this class, in this one hour, one to one and a half hour class, what we are going to see is, Partition of Bengal. How this leadership goes from the hands of moderates to the hands of extremists. After that, what happens to them because of this? An important split happens in Surat. After that, how does the Indian freedom struggle go to the phase of revolutionary terrorism? And then, in the middle of this, Communalism. How does it spread? Its growth, the phases of Communalism. After that, the reasons for the growth of Communalism. Communalism, not Communism. How does it happen? After that, there is an important session called Lucknow session. In that, two important movements happen. What happens to that? Before that, the Home Rule Movement. After that, what happens to the Home Rule Movement? We are going to see all of this. We are going to see the Home Rule Movement in this class. We are going to see the Home Rule Movement and Lucknow session. First, we are going to see the growth of Nationalist Movement. This is what we are going to see in this class. Nationalist Movement from 1905 to 1918. First of all, we are going to see the growth of Militant Nationalism. Militant Nationalism or Extremism. How does it come? Extremism or Moderate, these things are to be given to us. It is to be given to us to understand. So, before this, were there no extremists? Were all of them moderates? No, not like that. But, the numbers of extremists increased from 1905. So, before that, the Congress leaders, how did they place their demands? After 1905, how did the Congress leaders place their demands? These two things define the extremist phase. But, this peaceful prayer, petition, protest, people like these, how did they violently boycott, self-rule, Swaraj, National Education? If we look at it like that, there are some reasons for that. Causes for the growth of Militant struggle. The first and foremost reason is, it is with respect to the failure of the British government to accept any important demands of the moderates. If the moderates take a petition and give it, it can't be done in two lines. That's what they say. So, for the next 20 years, they are doing the same thing. What will happen to the younger leaders? Why are they doing this? This won't work. These people won't work for us. These leaders won't work for us. The people who rule us won't work for us. We will get into trouble. We will chase them. We will rule them. This is the mindset they have. Who does this come from? It comes from the Britishers. Then, it comes from the British rule. British recognition of the true nature of the British rule. This is also an important reason. Who is doing this? The moderates are doing it. What are the moderates doing? Criticizing the British rule. Criticizing the British rule, and with the divide and rule policy, with the drain of wealth, all the economic sections are affected. They are showing this openly. The benevolent character of the British rule. They are breaking it into pieces. When they break it, what will all the sections think? This rule is not for us. Why should we support them? We should be loyal to them. We should chase them. We should run our own government. This is the correct thing. They are exploiting the economy. This is causing problems for the femines, for the capitalists, for the peasants, for the artisans. Why do we need this government? Who is bringing this out? The moderates. What do the moderates say? We can change the British rule into a constitutional one. This is what they are fighting. This is not happening. The problem is with the economy. Politically, they are bringing a lot of problems. Politically, they are bringing a rule in 1898, which is feeling against the disagreement about the British rule. They see it as a treason. This is the act. In 1899, they are reducing in the Kolkata corporation. In 1904, they are breaking with an act called the Official Secret Acts. It is a secret. You should not publish it in the press. They are blocking the freedom of the press. They are blocking the freedom of the press. The next thing is the Indian Universities Act. Through this, they are trying to stop the dissent in Indian universities. stop it. They are tightening the official control over the universities. Not only that, from primary education to technical education, there is no improvement in the British rule. The people think that the little freedom and rights are being taken away from us. Who is doing all this? The person who is reactionary to the core is doing it. This is an important thing for the militant nationalists to grow. The third important reason is it is with respect to the growth of self-respect and self-confidence. The moderate nationalist leaders are creating many sub-leaders in their wing. These sub-leaders are not moderates. They are becoming extremists. What is happening? How is this going to end? They are getting more self-confidence because they believe that they can rule themselves. Extremist leaders. They believe in self-rule. Swaraj. They believe in Swaraj. Next is the growth of education and employment. Both are double-edged swords. Not double-edged. Both are used for the growth of nationalism. Both are negative and positive. The more the Indians are educated, the more they are coming to understand the real form of British. The more the British educate the Indians, the more they understand the true nature of the British. Second, they are exposed to modern concepts like democracy, secularism, nationalism, and patriotism. They are exposed to such This is the positive side. What is the negative side? Educated people do not get jobs. This is the problem. It is a big problem. Next, it is with respect to international issues. Asian countries or African countries are below the Europeans. White man burden. You are not qualified to rule yourself. Only a white man or a foreigner can rule you. You are not qualified to rule yourself. You are not equal to us. But an Asian country like Japan, the Meiji revolution, the Meiji industrial revolution, has strengthened its political and economical standing. In 1905, a European superpower Russia. Not only that, Ethiopia and Italy have also grown. What do we feel? We are not selected for the Europeans. Asians or Africans are not inferior to the Europeans. This exposes our self-confidence. This self-confidence is raised here as well. From other national countries, they raise our self-confidence. Without this, they call it the Boer Wars in South Africa. After that, in Egypt, with respect to Turkey, Russia, China, there are movements everywhere. This is an important motivation factor for the growth of militancy. The existence of militants, means nationalist leaders, a school of thought. The most important person in this school of thought is Lokmanya Tilak. Lokmanya Tilak. He was given the title Lokmanya. Tilak. some of his important activities. He graduated from the University of Bombay. He started a school in the 1880s called New English School. Later, it became Ferguson College. Ferguson College is New English School. He ran two magazines. Maratha. Maratha is an English magazine. But it is called Maratha. Kesari. Kesari is a Marathi magazine. Kesari means Lion. In 1889, he edited and preached in Kesari about the nationalism. In that, he did some things. He said some things That is why he was put in jail. Then, in 1893, he made Ganapathy Festival famous. Even now, Vinayaka Chaturthi is very famous. The first person who made it famous was Tilak. He made it famous. In Ganapathy Festival, he preached about nationalism. The Britishers did this and that. He turned that place into a political arena. Next, he used Sivaji Festival. That happened after that. In 1895. He started Ganapathy Festival first. In 1895, he used Sivaji Festival. He was the first person to bring the No Tax campaign. Feminism is affecting Maharashtra. He told everyone not to pay taxes and withhold taxes. Such an important person was Lokmanya Tilak. Trained leadership is the same. All these factors make the militant school, militant thought, militancy important. There are 4-5 factors. I am showing you all these from the perspective of the main. I have to put the topic, the militancy, and the example. You have to know the causes. Only then you will understand what is going to happen next. What is happening now is the English people are spreading the school of thought, nationalism, separatism. They are trying to find the nerve center. The nerve center of Indian nationalism is emerging from Bengal. Bengal was the British headquarters at that time. The leaders there are 20 years ahead of other provinces. The system, knowledge, and western thoughts started there and spread to other places. If we weaken if we weaken Bengal, the nationalism will decrease. So they decided to partition Bengal. Bengal is not what it is now. If you want to know which province is Bengal, Bihar, Bengal, Odisha, Bangladesh, Assam, are all part of Bengal province. Bihar, Bengal, Odisha, Assam, and Bangladesh are all part of Bengal province. What they are saying is that Bengal is a big province and cannot be administered. That is why we are going to partition Bengal. But their real intent is that the Bengal which is divided will weaken the power of the nationalism. But how do they divide it? They divide West Bengal into East Bengal. West Bengal and East Bengal. This is Bengal. This is Odisha. This is Bengal province. This is Odisha. This is Bihar. This is West Bengal. This is Assam. This is Bangladesh. West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, and Assam. Now, what the Britishers should have done is that Bihar would have been a separate province, Odisha would have been a separate province, and Bengal would have been a province. But what they are doing is that they are putting a border like this. West Bengal and East Bengal are divided into provinces. So what happens because of this is that three things happen. First, they want to reduce the nationalism. To reduce the nationalism. After that, they want to reduce the Hindu-Muslim unity. How do they do that? They divide West Bengal. There are a lot of Hindus here. In East Bengal, there are a lot of Muslims. So, they have divided Hindus and Muslims. The third important thing is that Bengals, the Bengali language, is now a minority. In West Bengal. Now, the Hindi-speaking population in Bihar and Odisha is more than the West Bengali speaking population. What they are doing against all this is that they are opposing the partition of Bengal. So, when the partition of Bengal movement starts, this year is very important. This year and the numbers are very important. Proposal is on 20th July. As soon as they propose, they get excited. But when they launch the anti-partition movement, 7th July. Sorry, 7th August. 7th August 1905. At this time, they launch the movement. What do they do when they launch the movement? They oppose it. They oppose the partition. When the partition starts, they go to Ganga and take a bath. Then, to maintain the unity, to maintain the Hindu-Muslim unity, Hindus and Muslims form brothers and sisters. Then, to prove the solidarity of Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore writes the song Amar Sona Bangala. This song is the national anthem of Bangladesh. Amar Sona Bangala. All this is happening. When the partition starts, all this is happening. But what happens is, this partition is not enough for them. Anti-partition movement is launched on 7th August 1905. This is not enough. Because, we need more than this. Because, we resist silently and passively. This has nothing to do with the British. If we go and take a bath in Ganga, or if we get into a raksha bandhan, or if we sing Vande Mataram and walk on the road, what effect will it have on them? So, the national leaders think that the British will get hurt So, the answer they gave is Swadeshi and Baikart. The lesson the moderates have been teaching for many years, they are trying to break it practically. This is very important. The reason why Swadeshi and Baikart are so important is, the British will get hurt if they hit or touch the economy. Because, his main motive is to exploit Indians. That's all. For the benefit of England. So, those who live in England should not benefit. So, they will not buy their goods. Swadeshi. It is made in Ullur. You buy it. Swadeshi and Baikart. Use Swadeshi and Baikart foreign goods. Another important thing is, Foundation of Federation Hall. The founder of the Federation Hall is Anand Mohan Bose. This is an important event. Foundation of the Federation Hall. Next is, Swadeshi and Baikart. This is important. This is a very important event for the students who bathe in the Ganges, sing Rakshabandhan, sing Vandhe Maram, sing Amarsoona Bangala. This is also an important event. That's why it's secondary. Partition of Bengal is a very important event. Swadeshi and Baikart are not just about textiles or clothing. What they do is are doing a lot of things indigenously. They are building factories. They are creating banking systems for Indian capitalists. Then there is the factory system. They are creating a lot of things. One of the important things in this is Acharya P.C. Ray. He has created a chemical store called Bengal Chemicals. And then in the literary field, poetry, literature, in the art field, there is Bharat Mata. The drawings of Bharat Mata are becoming famous. Abhindranath Tagore is doing a lot of work. And then there is poetry. Nationalistic poetry. Abhindranath Tagore is writing a lot of nationalistic poetry. The foundation of the national education. Swadeshi is the national education. Otherwise, if there is no education in the country, Swadeshi will not exist. That's why they give importance to education. The National College was set up on the 15th of August, 1906. The National Council for Education was set up. Arvind Goswami was the principal of the National College in Kolkata. Students, women, and the Muslim population are all involved in this. The next significance. The Swadeshi and Baikot. The significance of breaking the economic ideology is The next significance is that women are involved. Students are involved. The next important thing. But the limitations are This is only for the urban class. The rural area where India really lives, the peasants. They don't have access to this movement. This is an important limitation. But in the All India movement, The Swadeshi and Baikot movement is where the problems start. There are moderates and nationalists. The moderates have to confine this to the Bengal province. Because the partition of Bengal should not happen. That is our aim. Confine it to the Bengal province. Confine the Swadeshi and Baikot movement only to the clothes. That is their aim. Extremist leaders like Tilak, Bipin Chandrapal, Lala Lajpatrai. They are called Lal, Bal, Pal. Lala Lajpatrai is Lal. Bipin Chandrapal is Pal. Bal is Gangadhar Tilak. That is why it is Bal. Lal, Pal, Bal. These three trios, Triumvirate. These three are the extremist leaders. What they are saying is, We have to fight this struggle all over India. The partition of Bengal is secondary. Whether it happens or not, that is another story. We have reached the next stage. What do we need now? We need self-rule. We need Swaraj. We need a system where we can rule ourselves. In 1905, Gokule was the head of the Congress. He was a moderate. He was in favour of Swaraj. He was in favour of the boycott of Swaraj. What happens next is, The struggle between the moderates and the extremists is increasing. 1906 is coming up next year. What the extremists are doing is, They want us to stop Tilak. They want him to become the President. The struggle between them is, There is a respected leader on both sides. Dadabhai Navaraj. The Grand Old Man of India. The moderates are making him the head. Tilak does not want to fight against him. So he lets him go. Dadabhai Navaraj electrifies the crowd. He says, Three important things are India's goal. What is the goal? Swaraj. Self-rule. Swaraj or self-rule. Swadeshi. Swadeshi and boycott. Swaraj or self-rule. Swadeshi and boycott. Then National Education. That is why the National Education Council was formed in 1906. The next thing is coming up. The competition has reached the next level. What happens in the middle? The political activists are being arrested. They are also bleeding. What happens next is, In 1907, in Surat. In Surat, Raj Bikari Ghosh. The moderates capture the Congress. They throw the extremists out. The only support for this is the Britishers. The Britishers arrest the extremists. They give carrots to the moderates. How do they give the carrots? They say, you are going to get reforms. Wait. You will get the reforms you want. They give the Marley-Minto reforms. In 1909. But it does not look like a carrot. It looks like a ruined carrot. Because, They did not ask for anything in the Marley-Minto reforms. What do they do? They increase the number of the Imperial Legislative Council. There were 30, but now there are 68. Even then, The number of officials is increasing. The number of officials is also increasing. 30 officials. 5 people can be nominated. Non-officials can be nominated. 27 people can be nominated. 2 people can be nominated for the British Capitalists. 2 people can be nominated for the Princes. The elections are all indirect elections. How are the non-officials elected in the Imperial Legislative Council? They are elected from the Provincial Council. The Provincial Council members vote. How are the Provincial Council members elected? They are elected from the Municipal Council. Municipal Council and District Boards vote. So, it is a very indirect election. But, In the Executive Council, One Indian is elected. Sathyendranath Sinha. He was the first Indian to be inducted in the Executive Council. So, This was a reform to confuse the Moderates. But, They did not get anything. So, The Congress split. So, Surat split. In whose leadership? In the leadership of Raj Bhikari and Ghosh. So, Thilak was thrown out. Thilak was imprisoned. The British imprisoned him. He was imprisoned for 6 years in Burma. This happened on that side. In 1908. What happened from 1908? All this was reduced. The partition of Bengal. All this was reduced. In 1912, Bengal was joined together. Bihar was a separate province. Odisha was a separate province. But, From Kolkata, The Headquarters was changed to Delhi. From 1912, Delhi is the Headquarters. National Capital is Delhi. From then till now, Delhi is the Headquarters. This is Delhi's National Capital. What happened in the middle of this? From 1908, Now, there are no Moderate leaders. What happened to the Moderates? There was no connectivity with the masses. The extremists who had connectivity with the masses are now inside. So, they could not give leadership. What happened now? The masses became furious with the Nationalistic fever. Now, they do not know what to do. They need an immediate result. Then, They enter into Revolutionary Terrorism. They could not channelize the youth energy. No one is there to channelize it. So, they take over the law. What do they do? Russian Nihilists. Then, Irish Revolutionists. They also take over Terrorism. That is, This is an individual Terrorism act. This is for the country. They are doing this for the country. They do not care about their lives. What is important to them is the welfare of the country. Then, There are unpopular officials. They kill them. This is what happens. So, With respect to it, Who are the unpopular officials? In the growth of Revolutionary Terrorism, Unpopular officials With respect to Muzaffarnagar Conspiracy case. In this case, Kuwaiti Ram Bose and Parrafulla Chakki Both of them Bombard a judge named Kingsford. But, In that chariot, Kingsford is not there. His wife is there. Kuwaiti Ram Bose Will shoot him. Parrafulla Chakki Will be killed. Then, There are many Terrorism movements. Yugantar Then, Bengali, Yugantar, Anusailam Samathi Abhinav Bharat Kal In Maharashtra, It is a prominent Revolutionary Terrorist movement. In foreign countries also, Revolutionary Terrorists Spread their movement. The most important person is Bikaji Kama Madam Bikaji Kama She is the first tricolor She is our national flag. At that time, It was a different national flag. But, She was the first to raise the flag in Frankfurt, Germany. Bikaji Kama It did not last long. How many people come forward for self-sacrifice? But, They are making an important contribution. They gave back our self-confidence. Individual Heroism They gave back our pride. So, This is the partition of Congress. We have already seen Disagreements between Moderates and Congress. Disagreements between Moderates and Congress. We have seen Indian Council Act Minto Marley Reforms It was increased by 60 to 68. There is no voting power. Another important issue is Separate electorate problem. Separate electorate for Muslims It was introduced in 1909 Act. Separate electorate for Muslims. Next, In this gap, communalism has wide open. What is communalism? Come on, See, The religious individual Is he a communal man or not? when the religious ideology is getting and mixed with the political ideology then it becomes Communalism. When the religion is used for the political gains then it becomes Communalism. There are three stages of Communalism. There are individuals in the belief system like Hinduism, Islam, Parsis, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Jainism etc. They think that the religious interest of the people who are in the first stage of Communalism is different from the religious interest of the people who are in the second stage of Communalism. It is not equal to others, other religion. But their secular interest, education, health, dressing etc. is equal to others. This is the first stage of Communalism. The second stage of Communalism is not equal to others. These individuals think that their social, political, economic, cultural, religious belief is not equal to others. But they think that they can be together but their belief is different from ours. They think that their belief is different from ours in everything. This is stage two. Stage three is that you and I are different. You belong to a different nation, I belong to a different nation. Because you follow a different religion, I follow a different religion. You follow a different religion, I follow a different religion. That is why we have different nationalities. This is stage three. This is stage four. This is stage five. This is stage six. This is stage seven. This is stage eight. This is stage nine. This is stage ten. This is stage eleven. This is stage twelve. This is stage thirteen. This is stage fourteen. This is stage fifteen. This is stage sixteen. This is stage seventeen. This is stage nineteen. This is stage twenty. This is stage twenty eight. This is stage twenty nine. This is stage twenty eight. This is stage twenty nine. way in relation to the other religions. So, there is a hindu tinge like this. They didn't do it on purpose, but it has come in their behavior. This is a big problem with respect to communal angle. Next is the creation of All India Muslim League. All India Muslim League was created in 1906. Who created it? Agha Khan, Nawab of Dhaka and Nawab Mohsin Ulmul. Both of them created it. Partition of Bengal has a big part in it. All these are connected with respect to the problems of communalism, rise of communalism. Next important thing is Nationalist and First World War. World War is happening at this time. What do they believe as Nationalists? If we support the British in World War, the British will help us in our hard times. So, if we win, they will give us their self rule. They are miscalculating. Even then they didn't watch World History. They don't have World History knowledge. Why are they fighting? They are fighting to save their colonial interest. Why are they fighting? Because they want to save the colonists. If you have studied World History, you will know. What the Germans think is, I have become a super power. But still I am not getting my rightful place under the sun. Even Belgium has 4-5 colonies. They don't trust us. They go and interfere in the colonial problems. So, because of this interference, the First World War is happening. The immediate trigger is the assassination of Archduke Francis, Austrian Prince. James Princip is being killed. So, what is happening here is, they want to be loyal. But even if they are loyal, there should be an internal pressure. So, they are launching the Home Rule Movement. In the Home Rule Movement, two leaders are very important. First is Tilak. Tilak is launching the Home Rule Movement in Maharashtra and Karnataka. Except Bombay city. So, not only in Maharashtra and Karnataka, but in all India level, Annie Besant is launching the Home Rule Movement. What is the Home Rule League? What is the Home Rule Movement? We need self-rule. We need Swaraj. What is the greatness of self-rule? This is what is happening. Swaraj is my birthright and I will have it, I shall have it. Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it. In the Great Indian Unrest, the father of Indian Unrest is Tilak. So, against this, he files a defamation case and Tilak goes to London to defend that case. So, leaderless this movement will be destroyed. In the midst of this, Annie Besant will be arrested. If you think about it, the father of Indian Unrest is Tilak. In those days, Tilak, who was considered as an extremist leader, was fighting within the Constitution. So, he will keep on changing his face. For example, Tilak is considered as an extremist leader in the group called Moderate. Tilak is considered as an extremist leader in the group called Moderate. Gandhi is considered as an extremist leader in the group called Moderate. Gandhi is breaking the Constitution. There is no Constitution. There is no law. Morality, that is the law. That is how I will fight. That is how he is launching from non-cooperation to civil disobedience movement. But for Gandhi, Nehru is an extremist. Jagalal Nehru. He is saying that socialism is this and that. For Nehru, Bose is an extremist. So, this is how extremism happens. A young leader is an extremist than the previous society. This is how it is. He is filing a case against Valentino Cirol. He is going to run that case. So, the Home Rule Movement will be destroyed. In the midst of this, you should know about the Revolutionary Party of India. It is a revolutionary organization that is created in foreign countries. The Revolutionary Party of India was created by the people of San Francisco, Canada and US. They want to start an armed rebellion against the British. They are doing a newspaper called Enemies of British Rule. They are doing a newspaper called Enemies of British Rule. They are publishing pamphlets. It is a poster that says, keep the people. Your salary is death. You will get the freedom of India. They are selling their land, wealth, gold, money, weapons and training people. A day is set. We should start an armed rebellion on this day. So, this is how it is. So, this is how it is. So, this is how it is. So, this is how it is. So, next important thing is the Lucknow session. The Lucknow session in 1916 is another important important thing which you have to know. In the Lucknow session, two important things are happening. One is two wings of the Congress, Moderates and Extremists. The next important thing is the reunion of Congress and All India Muslim League. If the Muslim League and Congress unite, the Congress will accept the separate electorate. But the big problem starts with the separate electorate. Because the Nehru report will come in the next 10 years. In that, the separate electorate will say no to the Nehru report. So, because of this, Jinnah will come out from the All India conference. Apart from this, when this decision was taken, the Hindu common folk and Muslim common folk would not have considered this. They would not have brought them together. They would have communalized them and they would have become politicized. These are all problems. But if you look at the immediate impact, when two people come together, you get a super impact. That is what you get. In the Congress session, the Lucknow session is a very very important session. So, the Congress sessions that have happened so far, the important Congress sessions, what I have done is, I have given you a tabular column. You can read this. For example, the first Congress session was in 1885 in Bombay, W.C. Banerjee. In the remarks, I have given the importance of that session. Next was in Kolkata, Dada Bhai Navaraj. Next was in Madras, Bhagruthin Thakurji. The remark in this was that he was the first Muslim president in the All India Congress. Next was George Hewley. He was the first English president in 1885, 1888. Next, the next important Congress session was in Gokhale, Banaras. In Kolkata, Dada Bhai Navaraj. In Surat, Raj Bihari goes. This is very important. This is where the Congress session takes place. Next, this is also not very important. But the next important Congress session was in Lucknow, A.C. Majumdar. This is where the two of them meet. The reason why 1917 is very important is, Annie Besant, Kolkata, first woman president. That is why it is important. Next, the questions are, Which one of the following movements has contributed to the split in the Indian National Congress, resulting in the emergence of moderates and extremists? This question was asked very easily in 2015. The time I wrote this question is that time. So, A is the answer, Swadesi movement. Next is, Swadesi and Bycott were adopted as a method of struggle for the first time during the agitation against the partition of Bengal. Similarly, the same question was asked in the next two years. Next, with reference to Swadesi movement, consider the following statements. It contributed to the revival of the Indian artisan crafts and industries. Swadesi and Bycott. Atma Shakti. This is a very important word. This is what Aravinda Ghosh says. Next is, National Council of Education was established as a part of Swadesi movement. C is the answer. From 2020 onwards, look at the transformation. Before this, if you had studied, you could have written. Now, what happens next is, they start asking questions based on current affairs. So, if you have studied till now, it is a waste. Only if you know what you have studied, you can enter the current affairs. Sir, how do you say this is current affairs? In 2017, he had his 150th birthday. Desharkadha. That is, Shakaram Ganesh Dowskar. During the freedom struggle, consider the following statement. No one has studied this. No one knows this. But, based on one thing, I arrived at the answer for this. At that time, it worked out. But, I don't know how it will work out for the other answers. Because, most of the time, the end of the letter K, are those who belong to Mumbai and Maharashtra. The end of the letter K. For example, Agarkar. Tendulkar. Kavaskar. Like this, the end of the letters K, K, K, K, are their names. Then, how did he get the use of Deshbhai specified in the context of the region of Bengal? Then, I eliminated 3 and put 1 and 2. That is the answer. Okay? But, learn to think like this. There is no other way. So, all this is extra information. But, when do you want to take these risks? You don't even have 70 questions. You have only 65 or 66. You want to take some risks. Then, take such risks. Okay? So, Shakaram Ganesh Douskar, he is Amrit Mahostav. He is proud of that. But, when did this come? It came out in 2022. So, if you follow Ministry of Information and Broadcasting on Twitter, they post a lot of such things. Okay? Next is with respect to 7th August. That is why I told you to follow this. 7th August is declared as the National Handloom Day. Because, in 1905, the Swadeshi Movement was launched in the same day. With current affairs, they have asked this. Now, we have to study the statistics with current affairs. Why is he asking this Argar Thiranga was launched in tricolour flag, that movement. That is why they asked this. So, answer is A. A is the answer. So, National Handloom Day, in 2022, this was launched. Amritka, Azadika Amrit Mahostav, then Argar Thiranga. Government launched a campaign, initiative under the Azadika Amrit Mahostav. So, 75 years of independence. That is why they are asking this. National Handloom Day, observed every 7th August, in the celebration of Indian Wanderers, having hand-spun, hand-woven artisans, bunkers, weavers. The day commemorates the Swadeshi Movement that began in 1905. So, the history associated with the newspaper. So, the history reflected in the newspaper, you have to study it. This question was asked in 2023. So, I hope this session was useful to you. So, if you liked it, press the like button. Press the like button. Be happy. All the best.