Structure and Functions of DNA and RNA/Chemistry/Dr.Jyoti Dhumale Shegokar

Hello dear students, this is Dr. Jyotishe Gokar and you are welcome in my channel of chemistry. Its name is a chemistry in engineering. Guys without wasting a time directly we will move towards our topic. Its name is a DNA and RNA its structure and function. It comes under the heading of biochemical technology. Actually under the heading of biochemical technology, the bioinformatics, the industrial biochemical technology, genetic engineering, these topics are to be studied and for that the fundamental things are DNA that is deoxyribonucleic acid, what is the structure, how they are having the function. With that the RNA that is a ribonucleic acid and what is its structure and function that must be studied and for that we are going to study this small topic of structure and function of DNA and RNA. So DNA is a double standard. You can see here it is a helix double helix looking like a twisted ladder and it is connected this different type of bases with the bonds or the nitrogenous bases. Guys there are three main fundamental things which are important. First is a 5 carbon sugar, second is a nitrogenous basis that is purine and pyrimidine. Purine consists of adenine and thiamine while pyrimidine consists of guanine and cytosine and how they are arranged on that basis the next things are can be predicted. Then and last is a phosphate group. So all these three components importantly are there for the structure making the structure of DNA. Now this DNA as it is a double standard it is having this particular basis inside it. Like here you can see by the red and this empty black and this empty they are shown here. These two bases are there and they are connected by the particular bond which is a hydrogen bond. So like adenine and thiamine. Adenine will be connected with a thiamine while guanine will be connected with a cytosine but actually the purine consists of adenine guanine and pyrimidine consists of thiamine and cytosine. Okay now they are having the bond length or the diameter in between is of 20 angstrom unit while a single twist is having a 34 angstrom unit. In this way it is a macromolecule. So this macromolecule playing a very important role how what are its functions we will see. So functions here storage of genetic information. It stores genetic information by encoding the genes and it helps for the transferring also. So second transmission of genetic information in this the inherited that particular by the process of replication or by the process of heredity. These are inherited through that particular processes in the next generation while in the protein synthesis particularly there is a role of mRNA. That RNA helps for the synthesis of protein from the DNA. It plays the role of transferring information. Then regulation of cellular activities in these the expressions are studied by the cellular activities and last is the evolution. In this evolution mutation and recombination is done particularly by the adoption of the new characters or sometimes the hereditary characters are proceeded. So in this way these all are the four the functions of DNA. Now moving towards RNA it is a ribonucleic acid having a single single basis. So this is the nucleotides which are there arranged inside it and having the sugar phosphate type of this strand single strand is given there. So here also there are on the basis of types of RNA there are the functions. Number of types of RNA are there but mainly there are three types that is mRNA which is called as a messenger RNA, tRNA which is called as a transfer RNA and last is the rRNA it is the ribosomal RNA with that some subunits are also there. So here I wrote already DNA ribosomes means mRNA that is messenger RNA plays the role of transferring genetic information from RNA to ribosomes for getting the new characters to the organism. Then tRNA it transports the amino acids towards the ribosome again for the proper synthesis of the next organism and last is the rRNA it is having the structures and functions of ribosomes particularly catalyze the peptide bond formation. So in this way these are all the functions of RNA and these are the functions of DNA. So if we want to differentiate the DNA and RNA, DNA is having a different structure the having the different type of bases in this RNA this thiamine will be replaced by uracil, adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil is there and here there occurs the actually when we study the genetic information, genetic information is done particularly by the process of the formation of a coding. So coding is done first. So codons are produced. Codons means the these all the four bases for example are there. These four bases are coded into the first encoding is done that means all four processes are genetic codes are produced first. So genetic codes are the are the three pairs of the three each type of the codons. Codons means for example A, T, G is one of the codon. Such type of number of codons are arranged assembled they are to form the genetic code and the genetic code is helping for assembling the different type of information to form the to form the that information in the form of amino acid to form the new type of protein. So what type of protein will be formed it is totally depending on that codon, what type of codon is assembled there. So the genetic or the biochemical technology here refers for the formation of some new organisms for some new characters in the organisms so that they will be helpful for the different purposes to carry out for the bioinformatics as well as industrial biochemical technology. So guys here today we have studied this particular topic very nicely in very short. So it is a very important according to exam point of view also it will be asked for four marks each. So it is very important. So guys thank you for staying tuning with me. Thank you for watching this total video once again. If you are new for the channel please subscribe the channel like the videos and also share it to your friends. All the videos are given here by according to the different units which are given as per the syllabus. So guys thank you very much once again for the for watching. If you have already subscribed the videos share it to your friends as well as hit the bell button so that the next video is also with you very shortly. So thank you very much.