Classical Orders of Greek Architecture: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian (Urdu/Hindi)

Assalamualaikum, Namaste, Satsriyakaal, Hello. I'm Dr. Umar Hameed and in today's video we will discuss a very important topic of Greek Art and Architecture. Yes, Greek Orders. Classical Orders are an architectural style developed by ancient Greeks for their temples 2,500 years ago. The concept of these styles is very basic and dates back to prehistoric times. When humans developed the simplest building style, post and lintel architecture. Post are those vertical elements that support the horizontal piece, lintel. This idea is so simple that we still use it in our houses and complex buildings. With this basic but brilliant solution, the Greeks made it more fancy, more sophisticated and developed three decorative orders. Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. These are called Classical Orders. Before understanding the difference, let's understand that there are two more orders. Tuscan and Composite. Which was inspired by the Greek style by the Romans. We will skip them today. There are three original Classical Orders. Doric, i.e. simplest. Ionic, a little elaborated. And Corinthian, very complicated. The Doric Order began around 750 BC in mainland Greece. But we see its beautiful example in Southern Italy. Like the Temple of Neptune. There is a triangular piece at the top of the temple called the pediment. It is full of colored statues. But it is not part of the order. The order begins below the pediment with the horizontal portion of the anteblature. The top section of the anteblature is called the frieze. In the Doric Order, the frieze is a mix of triglyphs and metopes. Triglyph means three marks and is seen in the decoration. There are metopes between the triglyphs which are often decorated with beautiful reliefs. Like in Parthenon. The most recognizable section of the column is the capital. The Doric capital is simple with a flare below and a slab above. The shaft of the column is decorated with vertical lines or flutes. Which show the column as elegant and a little light. In Doric, the flutes are shallow and there are 20 of them. They are divided into shafts or drums. Which are different sections of marble. Another unique feature is the antesis. Which is a slight curvature which visually shows the columns as strong and tall. There is no base below the Doric columns. Because of this, they look a little solid. The ancient order historian Vitruvius called it the masculine order. After Doric comes the Ionic order which is thinner and delicate. Vitruvius called it the feminine order. In Ionic Antebellature, instead of triglyphs and metopes, there is a continuous frieze. In the capital, there are elegant scrolls or volutes. In the shaft, there are flutes deeper and chauvises. There is always a base below Ionic which makes the building sophisticated. An example of this is British Mill. In the Corinthian order, there is only one difference from Ionic. Capital. Corinthian capitals are decorated with acanthus leaves. Which is inspired by a legend. Vitruvius has compared it with a girl. The basic idea behind these orders is of a post and a lantern. But the Greeks used proportion and elegance to touch human feelings. Because of this, these classical orders are used even after 2500 years. Now look at the buildings with a new perspective. If you liked this video, do comment. Thank you very much.