Khám Phá Cách Trồng Và Thu Hoạch Củ Lạc – Từ Dầu Lạc Đến Bơ Đậu Phộng.

Peanuts also known as groundnuts are one of the most unique crops in agriculture The flower blooms above ground but after pollination the flower stalk bends downward to form a tuber beneath the soil a rare growth mechanism in the plant world Though small and familiar in everyday life the lotus is a tiny but formidable source of nutrition Each peanut contains plant protein heart-healthy unsaturated fats dietary fiber and various minerals that help supply energy Provides lasting comfort and supports long-term health Globally peanuts are a significant crop cultivated in numerous countries China is currently the world's largest producer of peanuts thanks to its extensive cultivation area and high demand Meanwhile although the United States does not lead in production volume it stands out in mechanization of planting and harvesting alongside a modern deep-processing chain where peanuts are sold not just in raw form and even transformed into peanut butter peanut oil and various high-value products From the same tiny peanut each country exploits it in a different way And it was precisely the technology and processes behind them that created significant disparities in the value of the same type of agricultural product Before each planting season land preparation plays a crucial role in the growth of peanut crops Because peanuts flower above ground but form their fruits underground the soil for growing peanuts must be loose well-drained and not compacted On large-scale fields the soil is plowed deeply harrowed thoroughly and ridged using machinery It helps create a smooth surface and provides favorable space for the peanuts to develop later Once the soil is prepared peanut seeds are fed into the machine and directly planted in straight rows In large-scale farming operations modern seeders precisely control plant spacing as well as planting depth This ensures uniform growth and easy care from the very beginning Before sowing the live peanuts are coated with a thin layer of white powder This seed treatment powder protects seeds from soil-borne fungi and insects during the initial days after sowing The plant is still very young and highly vulnerable This powder coating also prevents the seeds from sticking together and ensures smoother flow through the automatic seeding system As the machine operates peanuts are evenly distributed onto the ground Then a thin layer of soil is added on top to retain moisture and create favorable conditions for germination Within just a few days young peanut shoots began emerging from the soil During the growth phase watering was the top priority The soil is always kept consistently moist avoiding both excessive dryness and waterlogging due to peanuts being highly sensitive to soil oxygen deficiency In major production areas sprinkler or drip irrigation systems are used to provide uniform and water-efficient watering Once the tree begins to grow steadily pests and diseases are monitored regularly and pesticides are applied only when necessary applied in carefully controlled amounts primarily during the young plant stage simultaneously peanut plants are fertilized in stages Supplement calcium potassium and micronutrients to support flowering tuber formation and improved peanut quality At the same time farmers carry out light weeding and loosening of the soil around the base of the plants primarily by machine helping the soil reach optimal temperature while minimizing weed competition for nutrients and create conditions that allow the flower stalk to easily sink into the ground later forming a tuber When entering the flowering stage the peanut plant exhibits a very distinctive growth mechanism After pollination the flower stalk bends downward and sinks into the soil where peanut pods begin to form and gradually develop underground During this period the leafy portion above ground continues photosynthesizing silently nourishing the peanuts beneath the soil The key factor determining the size quantity and quality of tubers at harvest After about three to four months since sowing the seeds when the leaves gradually turn yellow and the soil around the base becomes drier That is a sign that the fruit has reached optimal ripeness At this point the main harvest season officially begins In large-scale peanut-producing regions when the plants have reached optimal maturity Specialized harvesting machines are being introduced to replace manual pulling These machines are designed to work directly underground The compactor's blade plunges deep beneath the root lifting the entire peanut plant clear of the soil below During this process excess sand is shaken off directly at the site while the entire root ball remains firmly attached to the roots elp reduce breakage and minimize yield loss Peanuts originated in South America primarily located in regions now part of Brazil Paraguay and Bolivia Numerous archaeological findings indicate that humans had already learned to cultivate and use peanuts Between 3 500 and 4 000 years ago it was regarded as one of the most important staple crops of indigenous civilizations Not only used as a daily food staple ancient South Americans also processed peanuts into crude oil flour cakes and their use in traditional rituals carry spiritual significance Since the 16th century accompanying maritime voyages and the trade routes of the Spanish and Portuguese brought peanuts to Africa from where they spread further into Asia and many other regions around the world Thanks to its ease of cultivation and excellent adaptation to tropical and subtropical climates Despite their high nutritional value peanuts quickly became one of the most widespread and enduring crops in daily life e economies and cuisines of many countries After being pulled up the peanut plant is not immediately removed but continues to undergo e stage of direct field processing The peanut plants are turned over and arranged into long rows with the tubers facing upward The roots and leaves remain underneath Typically peanuts are sun-dried in the field for two to four days depending on weather conditions This arrangement allows the tubers to be exposed to air and sunlight naturally reducing moisture while preserving the internal quality of the seeds After the drying period in the field peanuts are immediately harvested on-site using specialized machinery eliminating the need to gather the entire crop and transport it to a fixed location The threshing machine moves along the rows with the feeding and lifting unit ahead Gently gather the properly sun -dried peanut plants into the processing system As the peanut plants enter the machine The rotating shafts and impact bars inside separate the peanuts from their shells and roots The entire process is precisely calculated to apply just the right amount of force strong enough to separate the roots yet not so forceful as to break or damage the seeds sandy soil dry leaves and other light impurities are shaken loose and blow it out immediately during threshing helping to clean the peanuts more thoroughly from the start The peanut pods after threshing are conveyed by a conveyor belt Transfer to the container or dump directly onto the accompanying trailer Meanwhile the peanut stems and leaves have been thoroughly dried It is discharged behind the machine and left in the field This byproduct is typically allowed to decompose naturally with the plants buried serving as organic fertilizer or collect them separately for use as animal feed or ferment them biologically thereby maximizing the value of the peanut plants after harvest Direct harvesting using machines in the fields significantly shortens the harvesting time reduces labor costs and minimizes losses Significantly less efficient than manual methods Meanwhile peanuts are processed continuously along the sequence of pulling drying and threshing right on site elp maintain uniform grain quality ensuring cleanliness and readiness for subsequent steps such as final cleaning and sorting Storing or transporting to a processing plant This modern peanut harvesting method is the most common in the United States particularly large-scale peanut-producing states such as Georgia Alabama and Texas where vast tracts of land and high levels of mechanization are available A similar model is also being implemented Australia and Brazil Meanwhile in China and India despite high production volumes adoption remains limited primarily in concentrated production areas This shows that modern harvesting relies heavily on land scale and the level of mechanization in each country After leaving the blending area the material is routed back to the plant for moisture and initial quality checks before being fed into the production line First the raw lac is preliminarily cleaned through vibrating screens and air blowers to remove sand gravel and any remaining impurities Next the peanuts enter the hard-shell removal system where impact force and massage separate the outer shell while the inner peanut remains intact The mixture after peeling is separated by gas stripping Then carefully sorted by optical machinery according to size combined with manual hand inspection Defective discolored or non-compliant seeds will be discarded while those meeting quality standards will be transferred to processing lines Tailored to each product After processing and sorting a single peanut can become various different products and the first stop in this processing chain is peanut butter Before processing the raw material continues to be checked for moisture and final quality checks to ensure only the best peanuts are used The first step is roasting the peanuts Peanuts are roasted either dry or in oil industrial roasting facilities where temperature and time are tightly controlled This process not only reduces moisture reaching a safe level not only enhancing the distinctive aroma but also creating an appealing color and determining much of the flavor peanut butter If not roasted enough the butter will be bland and lack aroma if over-roasted the product may become bitter After roasting the peanuts are quickly cooled using cold air to halt thermal effects and prevent overcooking Next the beans are moved to the stage of removing the thin silk layer surrounding each seed which is detached through massaging Combined with the air suction system it results in cleaner tea leaves brighter color and a smoother creamier texture when blended The most crucial step in the entire process is grinding Peanuts are fed into an industrial grinder where dozens of rotating blades operate High speed completely disrupts the peanut's structure During this process the naturally occurring oil within the peanuts is released causing the mixture to gradually change from a powdery texture to a sticky consistency then forming the smooth characteristic peanut butter-like paste Depending on the product the peanut butter may be fully blended smooth or retain some coarsely ground particles to create chunky peanut butter offers a satisfying crunch when eaten While the mixture is still liquid the manufacturer may add salt a small amount of sugar or a stabilizer These ingredients precisely measured to adjust flavor texture and ensure the butter maintains a stable structure throughout storage In premium peanut butter lines the byproduct ratio is tightly controlled to preserve the natural peanut flavor Once the butter reaches the desired smoothness consistency and flavor it is pumped through a closed system to the packaging stage Peanut butter is poured into jars bottles or industrial packaging then capped labeled and undergoes inspection final quality check before shipment Thanks to this processing procedure from what appear to be very simple peanut seeds e factory has produced peanut butter a high-value product within the peanut industry chain Globally Peanut butter is not the most common product made from peanuts However in the United States peanut butter holds a prominent position center becoming the product that delivers the highest value from the same type of raw material Outside the United States peanut butter It is also steadily consumed in Canada Australia and many European countries such as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands where this product is closely associated alongside bread and modern eating habits has become a familiar part of daily meals In terms of flavor peanut butter as the distinctive rich nutty flavor of roasted peanuts with a strong aroma and a smooth thick texture As you eat the peanut butter melts gradually in your mouth anks to the natural oil content in peanuts o preserve the natural savory flavor while the whole butter beans provide a delicate crunch from the coarsely ground peanuts creating a distinctive texture experience different from fully smooth peanut butter Another important product derived from peanuts is peanut oil After being cleaned and shelled The sesame seeds used for oil extraction are carefully selected and thoroughly screened to remove moldy broken or low-quality particles Before pressing peanuts are typically dried and lightly roasted or pre-heated to break down cell structures facilitating oil extraction Inside it's easier to expel and enhances pressing efficiency In practice peanut oil can be produced using various methods differ depending on production scale and intended use In large industrial plants peanuts are typically crushed or rolled en fed into a continuous screw extrusion system where high pressure combined with tightly controlled temperature helps extract the oil Flowing continuously at a high rate Meanwhile in many traditional workshops or semi-industrial facilities lotus seeds are ground into paste wrapped in paper and pressed using hydraulic pressure to apply sustained force over a long period gently separating the oil to develop a rich distinctive aroma Regardless of the method used under the pressure peanut oil will be squeezed out while the solid residue is tightly compressed dry crude oil The oil obtained initially is crude oil still containing a small amount of water so it continues to be sent throug e filtration system followed by refining processes such as deodorization decolorization and impurity removal depending on the intended use the final product is peanut oil pale yellow with a delicate aroma The remaining peanut oil cake after pressing is still rich in protein Instead of being discarded the oil cake is reused be utilized as animal feed raw material for fertilizer production or used in other industrial sectors contributing to maximizing the overall value of the entire peanut crop Finally peanut oil meets the required standards and is bottled and stored in a closed system Ready to hit the market Peanut oil is rich in healthy fats supports heart health and helps maintain balanced cholesterol levels Thanks to its mild aroma and rich creamy flavor peanut oil rich in natural vitamin E enhances the flavor of dishes without overpowering their aroma making it a great alternative to butter and a staple in peanut-based cooking Peanut oil and peanuts themselves are processed into a wide variety of products serving both direct consumer use and the food industry The most popular are roasted peanuts and seasoned peanuts widely consumed as snacks or exported to numerous markets Peanuts can also be ground into peanut flour used as an ingredient in candies sauces nutritious beverages and certain other products utritional supplements benefit from their high content of natural protein and fat In the image peanuts appear in candies and snacks familiar treats such as peanut candy crisp candies peanut chocolate or traditional desserts from many countries Here the journey of discovery unfolds —from a tiny peanut seed to an entire range of diverse products including peanut butter and peanuts themselves Peanut oil and various other food and industrial products also conclude here If you found this content helpful and 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