Relative Clauses in German (der die das) | German Grammar B1 | Relativsätze einfach erklärt

Peace be upon you and welcome to Germany for Students channel Today is lesson number 36 of the German language course at B1 level In lesson number 36 we're going to begin a new topic—Relative Sentences—which is also known as Relative Z in the German language In today's lesson we'll take a look a When are relative clauses used How do we use it What is its sentence structure Then with the help of some examples we’ll explore it in detail and at the end of the lesson you'll have homework to help you assess how well you've understood the material—specifically to what extent you' ve grasped the lesson or topic—so let's begin In relative clauses there is a main clause and one or more relative clauses the purpose of which is o further describe the noun in the main clause We will examine it in detail with the aid of examples But first and foremost let's look at its sentence structure First of all we will write the main clause if the main clause is in the present tense then we will use the present tense sentence structure If the tense is past or perfect we will use the sentence structure of past or perfect that we have studied so far and then begin the relative clause with a comma and the relative clause will always begin with Dare D or Das depending on the noun in the main clause which we will describe in detail in the relative clause whether it is masculine feminine or neuter If the noun in the main clause is masculine the relative clause will begin with *der* if the noun in the main clause is feminine the relative clause will begin with *die* If the noun in the main clause is neuter the relative clause will begin with Das Immediately afterward comes Zatzklied or Zatzkleider It can be one or two it can also be that there is no Zatzklied after this in which case the verb in the relative clause will appear at the end of the sentence Now we'll look at some examples and with their help we'll try to understand how to construct relative sentences I have two sentences: The car is parked in front of the building The car is parked in front of the building The car costs a lot of money The car is extremely expensive Now we are describing the same noun in both sentences and adding different attributes to So instead of saying Das Auto Das Auto twice because both refer to the same thing we'll begin the sentence with Das Auto in the main clause After that we will add the additional attributes in the relative clause format for example "Das Auto das viel Geld kostet steht vor dem Gebäude" translates to "The car that cost a lot of money is standing in front of the building " Now we have the noun Das Auto Then we began the relative clause with a comma because the noun is a neuter one So the relative clause will start with Das This means that we are referring to the noun in the main clause "The car costs a lot of money " and the verb "costs" will appear at the end of the relative clause After that we will begin the sentence with a comma we are incorporating the attributes of Das Auto into the sentence so it is in front of the building let's look at the next example The book is lying on the desk or table the book has helped many students Now here we also have the noun Das Buch which appears in both sentences instead of repeating Das Buch twice we use a relative clause to convey all the information in a single sentence So the common noun is Das Buch We will begin the sentence with it Then we will refer to it using a comma according to its grammatical gender The article of Das Buch is Das So we will begin the relative clause with Das which has helped many students Since it is in the perfect tense here We will use the participle form of the verb with hat or sein placed at the end of the sentence and then begin the sentence with a comma and this verb will be conjugated according to the noun So we will start the sentence with lies on the desk The book that has helped many students is lying on the table Let's look at the next example The project starts next week The project has received significant attention in the media The project has attracted significant media attention or has already done so the common noun here is Das Projekt so we will begin the sentence with Das Projekt Since Projekt is a neuter noun the relative clause begins with Das meaning we are referring to the project Das Projekt das große Aufmerksamkeit in den Medien bekommen hat starts next week The project that has attracted significant media attention is beginning next week So in this sentence we have multiple sentence components which we have used in the relative clause attracting great attention in the media Next example is: The task requires a great deal of concentration Task work or question demands intense focus The common noun here is "The task " so we will start the sentence with "The task " Since Aufgabe is a feminine noun the relative clause will begin with Die Die refers to the task which must be done perfectly and demands intense focus Next example is The exam is taking place tomorrow it requires a lot of preparation the common noun here is "exam" So we will begin the sentence with Die Prüfung start the relative clause and for that we will use the article corresponding to the noun we are referring to—so we are referring to Prüfung and the article of Prüfung is Die so the relative clause will also begin with Die after that we will move on to sentence elements or sentence element which here is a great deal of preparation is required and it demands hard work since we are dealing with the perfect tense here we will use the Partizip Zwei form of Erfordern We will place it in the second-to-last position and the last position of the sentence will have either Zein or haben Since haben is used here therefore hart will be used We will add a comma and after that the event taking place tomorrow is a separable verb so we will use it separately therefore the exam requiring extensive preparation will be tomorrow Now let's move on to the homework Here we have two sentences The teacher explained the grammar in great detail Ustad has explained the grammar in detail The teacher spoke slowly and clearly Ustad speaks slowly and clearly so here too we will begin the sentence with a common noun then add a comma and then start the relative clause A relative clause begins with the relative pronoun that followed by the noun it refers to then the verb comes next and finally at the end of the sentence a comma is placed before introducing the next sentence The second example is On the outskirts of the city beyond its boundary lies a quiet secluded place There's plenty of space inside the house for families More than enough room for families From these two sentences you should be able to form a related sentence I hope that you You should now have a clear understanding of forming relative sentences We will continue exploring this topic in the next lesson including further variations We'll meet again in the next lesson Goodbye