DNA Replication Grade 12 Llife Sciences

So when they ask you the site, the site for DNA replication, or when they ask you the place where DNA replication takes place, they want to know where does this whole process of DNA copying itself takes place. It takes place in the nucleus. Okay, which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place? You will say that this is interphase. So when we do cell division, which is meiosis later on, you will understand what this phase is and how it works. For now, just know that during the interphase of a cell, the DNA replication process will take place, meaning that a DNA will actually make copies of itself. Okay, do you get the sense? Yes. So, sir, the site of the DNA is the nucleus. DNA replication is nucleus. Yes, yes, the site for DNA replication is nucleus. Okay. So now, why is it important for DNA to replicate itself? Or why is it important for DNA to make copies of itself? The first reason, it is to increase the amount of DNA in the nucleus. So you increase the number of birth certificates in just a vague sense. So in this case, we are increasing the amount of DNA in the nucleus. So the whole point of DNA replication is to increase the amount of DNA in the nucleus. Okay, so a cell can divide itself to become two cells and more and more. So we are still going to that topic later on. But for now, for that process of cell division to happen, we will require the DNA to be more. Yes. Guys, is everyone able to hear me or maybe there's a network problem on my side? We can hear you sir. Okay. I think, I think it's your side. I think, I think it's your side. Sir, I wanted to ask you, I saw Guti, it seems like these are five and isn't there supposed to be the, what do we call those things? The nucleotides or the strands unzip or unwind as well? Or is it the same as saying Guti, the hydrogen bond breaks? Yes, it is the same thing. When you say that the DNA double-stranded unzips is the same thing as saying that the weak hydrogen bonds are breaking. So as my teacher told me Guti, we're supposed to add in the unzip as well to not lose marks. Okay, so now we have got eight minutes here. So we'll try to, we've got eight minutes, we'll try to just come back for another 10 minutes. So you guys know how to label the nucleus, right? Do you know what do you find in the nucleus? What do you find in the nucleus? Yes, we find chromatin network. Yes, but you're going to look at that in meiosis. What else can you find Sam? Yes, we find a nucleolus. So there's a nucleolus inside a, inside the nucleus. There's a nucleolus. What else do you find? Nuclear membrane. Yes, so the membrane covering the entire nucleus. This membrane is known as the what? The nuclear membrane. This is the nuclear membrane. I'm sure this is the structure of a nucleus guys, not the structure of a cell. Yes, Mugome? And also nuclear pores. Say also label the nucleoplasm. What do we find? Describe the nucleoplasm. Describe it Mugome. What is the nucleoplasm like to you? I don't know how to explain it. Jelly-like structure. I actually have a question. So the nucleoplasm is like almost like the cytoplasm. Yes, when they say cytoplasm is the fluid that is filling the jelly-like fluid that is inside the cell. But inside the nucleus, we have a nucleoplasm. Yes, Sam? So it doesn't produce ribosomes in nucleoplasm? No, no, no, no. Ribosomes are not inside the nucleus. They are outside the nucleus but inside the cell. So ribosomes, you will find them inside the cell but not inside the nucleus. So the most important thing that you guys are missing here that you find in the nucleoplasm, right? It is the nucleotides. So we have got free nucleotides. Let me write free nucleotides. This one is the most important for you guys to understand. So we have got free DNA and RNA nucleotides. Free floating, you can say. Free floating. So inside this fluid of the nucleus, you find what? You find free nucleotides inside it. Yes, sir. And the nucleoplasm, it contains free-floating DNA and RNA nucleotides, meaning that inside the nucleoplasm, it is normal for you to just see a DNA nucleotide that is just free, that is not bonded to any other nucleotides. Are we clear on that? Sir, can you see a nucleotide on a microscope? These are just models that we use to describe. If you look it up using a microscope, you are not really going to see these lines and bonds and whatnot. No, these are the models that we use, known as scientific models. I don't know the English word for unwinding. But it will untie itself. Okay, it will untie itself in such a way that it will be just a normal stick diagram. Just a normal stick diagram, right? So it'll be just a normal stick diagram. So when you say that the DNA double helix unwinds, it simply means that it unties itself. Do we see that? Do we see that, grade 12s? Yes, sir. Yes, Sam. So what is a template? Do you guys see that this is now two, we now have got two copies of DNA. Do you guys realize that? Yes. That's what acting as a template means in this context. Yes, Bono? What makes the double helix to unwind? Okay. Yeah, but you don't have to mention it for now. Okay, guys, we are running out of time, but I think I did try my best to do a good illustration. I'm not good at drawing. Yes, Sam, what's the question? So the one, the first one you will be stored for protein synthesis, then another one you will be stored as a DNA original piece or what? Yes, sir. There's a lot of work. All right. So without further ado, guys, let's just pray for those who are not going to be able to attend with us physics. Let's just pray so that we can go.