Private credit has exploded into a $1.7+ trillion market, and investors have been told for years that it’s stable, safe, and insulated from the volatility of public markets. But a new report highlighted by the Financial Times is raising serious questions about how some of these investments are actually being valued.
According to the report, junior debt tied to the same borrower has been valued higher than safer senior debt, suggesting that the risks investors see on paper may not match the risks in reality. And that’s where the issue becomes bigger than just one firm. Because if the pricing inside private credit funds doesn’t reflect the true risk of the underlying loans, then investors—from pensions to retirement funds—may not be seeing the full picture.
Which raises a larger question. Is the private credit market accurately reflecting risk… or is the system simply slow to recognize losses?
And that is why developments in private credit are now drawing increasing scrutiny from investors, regulators, and analysts. This channel has been tracking the rise of private credit and the risks building beneath the surface for months.
Authorities Financial Times –“Private credit faces scrutiny over loan valuations” Financial Times –“Private credit investors confront growing risks as defaults rise” IMF Global Financial Stability Report – Private credit growth and systemic risk analysis Bloomberg – Coverage of private credit market expansion and valuation concerns
I'm gonna start taking the gloves off on private credit.
When I see a story like the one I'm about to share
with you today, it genuinely bothers me.
Not just as somebody who follows the markets,
but as a business litigator who's handled a whole lot
of real estate and business fraud cases
over 30 years in private practice.
When investors are shown numbers that don't reflect
the real risk of what they're buying.
To me, this is an outright fraud and a sham.
Meaning the numbers the investors are seeing
in private credit may not be real at all.
And a report reviewed by the Financial Times raises
exactly the kind of concern inside private credit markets
that explain what I'm talking about.
According to the FT story, one investment firm
said this to its clients.
Quote, private credit losses are misrepresented
and the credit is far worse than thought.
End quote.
That accusation came after the firm analyzed loans
inside a portfolio managed by Blue Isle Capital.
One of the largest private credit lenders
in the entire world.
Okay, what they found was astonishing.
Inside the fund, some riskier junior loan positions
were valued at about 90 cents on the dollar.
At the same time, safer senior debt issued
by the same borrower was trading in the public markets
at around 78 cents on the dollar.
Okay, let's look at this boiled down in the context
of just a simple house, a real estate transaction, okay?
Let's say your house has a first mortgage or loan
against it and has a second mortgage or loan against it.
Maybe the second is a line of credit, okay?
Something like that that sits behind the main mortgage.
The first mortgage is a safer position.
The second mortgage is riskier, okay?
It's usually why the interest rate on a second mortgage
or a line of credit is higher than the first, right?
Because the lender or the investor
is taking on more risk, right?
I mean, if the value of the house,
the collateral in this instance drops,
the second mortgage may not get paid at all
or could get wiped out in foreclosure.
Or if the borrower just stops paying on the second,
even if the second tries to force the sale of the property
to get their money back, they still have to take subject
to the existing first position debt.
So if someone tried to sell an investor a second mortgage,
for example, and told them that it was just as strong
or just as safe as the first mortgage,
that would raise, in my mind, very serious legal problems.
Okay, not only would the representation be flat-out fraud,
but it would also place the investor
in a much more precarious position
than they thought they were getting into
when they bought into the investment
or the loan transaction, okay?
Because the risk profile is not the same.
Some understand that.
The position in the capital structure is not the same.
If something goes wrong, the second mortgage
is usually the one that takes the loss.
So the second mortgage should always be worth less
than the first mortgage in the marketplace, right?
Well, according to the analysis done by VFT,
the private credit portfolio at issue
was valuing the equivalent of the second mortgage
higher than the first.
This is the kind of stuff, guys,
I'm gonna be diving deeper into
in the Risk Map monthly newsletter
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So from a legal perspective, okay,
this is very straightforward, cut and dry.
Investors rely on the information they're given.
They rely on the representations made about the risk
and the value of the assets they're buying.
If the numbers being shown do not reflect
the real condition of those loans,
the stability that investors thought they had
simply does not exist.
So here, the riskier junior loans securities
were marked around 90 cents on the dollar.
Meanwhile, the safer senior debt tied to the same borrower
was trading around 78 cents.
So 78 cents, keep in mind,
already signals distress in the market, okay?
Meaning investors are already pricing in a real risk
but the borrower may not pay or repay the loan.
Yet the private credit valuation suggested
the loan was still worth close to full value.
Those two numbers cannot both be right, folks.
Understand that, okay?
And keep in mind, companies, thousands of companies
that once went to traditional banks to borrow
now borrow through private credit funds
to the tune of trillions of dollars.
Those investors providing capital include,
as we've discussed, pension funds, insurance companies,
retirement portfolios, institutional investors,
and everyday hardworking Americans.
So when the loans marked around 90 cents
begin adjusting toward their real market price of 78 cents,
those differences will show up in losses.
And across billions of dollars of loans,
those losses will be enormous.
And the losses will not stay confined
just to a single portfolio or company.
They will spread, okay?
Funds will write down assets.
Investors' income will fall.
Pension funds will take huge losses.
And banks that finance the private lenders will be exposed.
Okay?
This FT report highlights just one example
of loans connected to a company,
in this case called Pluralsight.
It was a software company financed through private credit.
And that situation, again, the senior debt
tied to the company was trading significantly
below the value assigned to junior debt, okay,
of the capital structure inside of that portfolio.
So given what's coming to light here,
investors across the entire private credit spectrum, okay,
now need to be asking themselves,
if public markets, okay, say a loan is worth 78 cents,
why are the investors being shown values closer to 90 cents?
And investors, again, rely on full disclosure
and value representations when making decisions
whether to invest what's basically trillions of dollars
in the cumulative, all right?
So for years, private credit has been sold to investors
in one of the safest places to earn income, right?
And that's why the pensions, insurance companies,
retirement funds, and private investors
are piling money into it, okay?
Because investors were told that these loans were stable
and that they were somehow insulated from market volatility.
So in the real world, all right, you would rightfully say,
okay, well, this is a no-brainer.
Senior debt should trade higher.
Junior debt should trade lower.
But the pricing highlighted in this FT report
shows that the opposite is happening, okay?
You need to keep in mind that most private credit loans
do not trade in open markets.
Unlike public markets,
there's no daily price discovery, folks.
There's no continuous buying and selling
which forces prices to adjust when conditions change.
Instead, the funds holding these loans
determine what they believe the loans are worth
and they report those values to investors.
And that's even questionable now
if they're reporting what they truly believe
the loans are worth,
that they're trading that much less on the open market, okay?
But those markets determine
what investors believe their portfolios are worth.
The private credit markets, not the public markets.
Private credit companies determine
what the investors are seeing in terms of earnings.
They determine how stable the investment appears.
But if public markets
are already pricing those same loans significantly lower,
the numbers investors are being shown
do not reflect the real condition of the assets, okay?
Markets have already begun questioning these valuations.
The FT reported that Blue Owl shares
have fallen sharply over the past year,
reflecting growing investor concern.
Some publicly traded vehicles tied to private credit
are also trading well below the reported net asset value.
So when investors price those shares significantly lower
below the value of the assets they report holding,
it means the market believes
those assets are worth less than the reported numbers.
And if those valuation gaps exist across the industry,
the consequences will be huge.
And when those numbers eventually meet market reality,
the losses will show up.
And when that happens,
investors will find out what these loans are actually worth.
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Please leave your thoughts and comments.
I appreciate seeing those and reviewing them.
With that being said, I'll talk to you soon.
Thanks.