Master All English Tenses A1 B2 English Grammar Free Pdf

Hello and welcome back to Pronunciation with Emma or welcome if you're brand new to my channel. Today's video is going to be very different because you're going to learn about English grammar. More specifically, you're going to learn how to use all the tenses in English from level A1 to B2 to talk about the past, present and future correctly in English. I will be using the Cambridge English Grammar in Use ebook by Raymond Murphy to teach you all the tenses today. This is the world's best-selling grammar book and is perfect if you're self-studying and you want to learn and improve your English grammar. With the new interactive ebook version of English Grammar in Use, you can complete the activities, check your answers instantly, make notes and highlight important information and listen to recordings so you can improve your listening and pronunciation at the same time. Which is why I love this new ebook version. You can also take it with you on the go so you can practice at any time on your device. Just for watching this lesson today, I want to give you a special gift. You can get 25% off the Cambridge English Grammar in Use ebook when you use the code GIUSAVE25. To get your own copy of the ebook, just click the link in the description and remember to use the code GIUSAVE25 to get your 25% off. Once you have purchased your ebook, you can start using it straight away. No waiting around for deliveries. Now let's start with today's English grammar lesson. To help you practice and improve your English grammar even faster, I have created a PDF version of today's lesson notes and activities for you to download completely for free. The free PDF contains all of today's lesson notes summarised for you, all of the activities, as well as some additional pronunciation tips because of course it's important to focus on your pronunciation too and I am pronunciation with Emma. So to download your free PDF, just click the link down below in the description. So today you're going to learn 10 different tenses and ways to talk about the past, present and future more accurately in English. You can use the timestamps down at the bottom of the video or in the description to choose the tense that you want to focus on or you can just watch the whole lesson. At the end of every unit, there is a little test for you to practice and see how much you've learnt. Are you ready? Let's go! Let's start with the present continuous. Take a look at this example here. Sarah is in her car. She is on her way to work. She is driving to work. This means that Sarah is driving right now at the time of speaking. The action has not finished. To create the present continuous, start with the subject. For example, I, you, she, he, it and so on. Then you add the conjugated form of to be. For example, I am, you are, he, she, it is, etc. We call this type of verb an auxiliary verb. This is because the verb be, like I am, you are, etc. In this case, in this specific tense, it's not actually the action, it's not actually the verb. This verb be is going to help us construct the tense. So now we have the subject, we have the auxiliary verb be. After that, we add the ing form of the verb. This particular ing form is called the gerund in English. But to keep things very simple and to not use too many technical terms, I'm just going to call it the ing form. So to create the ing form or the gerund form of the verb, you just take the normal verb and you add ing to the end of it. So work becomes working. Do becomes doing. And drive becomes driving. If the verb ends with an e, for example, like in drive, as we saw in our first sentence, you remove the e and then you add ing. So it becomes driving. The same happens with write. You remove the e and then you add ing to create writing. To sound more natural in English, you can combine the subject and our auxiliary verb to be together. So I am becomes I'm. You are becomes you're. She is becomes she's, etc. Using contractions will make you sound much more natural. So get used to using them and hearing them because you will hear them a lot. So now you know how to use the present continuous to talk about an action happening right now at the time of speaking. But you can also use the present continuous to talk about an action that's in progress and hasn't finished yet. Let me give you an example. I'm reading a really good book right now. I'm not reading the book now in this moment. It's not in my hand off camera. It's not happening now. But I started reading the book and the action of reading that book continues. I haven't finished reading the book. I am still continuing to read the book. So we can use the present continuous to talk about actions that haven't finished yet. We are still in the middle of that action. I'm still in the middle of reading my book. To make the negative form all you need to do is add not after the auxiliary verb be. So I am not reading a book or I'm not reading a book. Let's now do some activities to help you practice the present continuous. Take a look at these pictures and tell me what's happening. Use the verb above the picture to help you construct the sentence. Pause the video if you feel you need a bit more time. So for number one you can say she is taking a picture. She is taking a picture. Or you can use the contracted form. She is taking a picture. For the second one you can say they are crossing the road. They are crossing the road. Or the contracted form they're crossing the road. Now we're going to look at the present simple. Look at this example. Alex works as a nurse. He drives to work every day. We use the present simple tense to talk about things in general like facts or we use it to talk about routines and habits. Alex works as a nurse is a fact. It's something constant. It's something general. It's true. And he drives to work every day is a habit. It's a routine. To make the present simple tense for regular verbs all you need to do is take the infinitive form of the word for example to work and you remove to. So you're left with what's called the bare infinitive. Once you're left with that all you need to do is just conjugate it for he she it. And this is very simple. A lot of the time you just add an s. So you have I work. You work. He she it works. They work. We work. And that's it. You only conjugate he she it in English when you're talking about the present simple. Let's try another one. For example to drive. What do we do? We remove to. So we're left with drive. Then we only conjugate the third person. So he she it. And what do we add to the end? An s. So we say I drive. You drive. He she it drives. We drive. They drive. Remember he she it is the only one that changes. To make the negative form of the present simple all you need to do is add do not or does not for he she it. And you add that after the subject. So I do not drive. She does not drive. You only need to conjugate do in this case. So you don't need to say she does not drives. That's a really common mistake. You only conjugate does. He does not drive. She does not drive. Again if you want to I don't drive. She doesn't drive. So let's practice the present simple with some activities. Complete these sentences using the following verbs and pause the video if you feel you need more time. Number one. I speak English and French. Number two. John and Jane do not go to the same school or John and Jane don't go to the same school. Number three. The shop closes at 6pm. So it's the only one that changes. The shop closes because it's a singular here. We're treating it like it. So he she it closes. The shop closes. So remember to add that s. Now let's compare the present continuous and the present simple. So you use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening at or around the time of speaking or when an action started in the past and it isn't complete yet. You use the present simple to talk about more general things like facts or to talk about things that happen repeatedly like habits or routines. Here are some examples to show you the difference. I'm filming a video right now which is true. I'm in this moment and telling you I'm filming a video right now. I'm talking about an action as I am doing that action but I film a video every week is a routine. It's Here are now some exercises to help you practice the difference between present simple and present continuous. Look at the underlying verb and decide whether it's correct or not. If it's not correct then I'd like you to correct it. Feel free to pause the video if you need more time. Number one. John is looking for a job. This sentence is correct because the action is not complete yet. It's still happening. He's still looking for a job. Number two. Water is boiling at 100 degrees Celsius. This is incorrect and the reason for this is because it's a fact. So water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. And number three. The last one. She is walking her dog every day. This one is not correct because it's a routine every day. We need to use the present simple. She walks her dog every day. Now let's move on to some past tenses and ways that you can talk about past actions. Take a look at this sentence. I went to a party last week. This is an example of the past simple. We use the past simple to talk about actions which started and finished in the past. As we know that the party happened last week it's definitely finished. The party is not continuing now. It finished last week. So we know to use the past simple. To create the past simple tense in English with regular verbs all you need to do is add ed to the end of the verb. So the verb work becomes worked. Want becomes wanted and so on. If the verb ends with a y you change the y into an i and then add ed. For example study becomes studied. There are three possible ways to pronounce the ed endings in English and if you'd like a full lesson to know when and how to pronounce those ed endings then check out my video on that. I will leave it linked down below in the description. I have also included a little summary in the downloadable pdf lesson notes so you can practice your pronunciation there as well. Keep in mind that there are lots of irregular verbs in English which don't follow this ed ending rule. For example write doesn't become writed. It becomes wrote. See is not seed. It's saw. Go is not go'd. It's went. And run is not runned or runned which I hear a lot. It's ran. So keep an eye out for irregular verbs in English because there are many. When you want to use the negative form all you need to do is add did not after the subject. So yesterday I went to the park. In the negative form it becomes yesterday I did not go to the park. It's a really really common mistake for learners to say yesterday I did not went. You don't need to conjugate that main verb. All you need to do is say did and that's it. So yesterday I did not go to the park. Let's now practice the past simple with some exercises. Let's read what Laura is saying here. As you'll see it's all in the present tense but listen carefully because I'm going to ask you some questions after we've finished reading. I usually get up at seven o'clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to work which takes me about half an hour. I start work at eight forty five. I never have lunch. I finish work at five o'clock. I'm always tired when I get home. I usually cook a meal in the evening. I don't usually go out. I go to bed at about eleven o'clock and I always sleep well. Now let's imagine we're talking about Laura's day but in the past. Number one. What time did Laura get up? Laura got up at seven o'clock. Got is the past simple of get. It is irregular. Number two. Did Laura eat lunch? No. Laura did not eat lunch or she didn't eat lunch. Remember we don't say did not ate. We don't need to put the main verb into the past as well because did is already telling us that it happened in the past. Number three. What time did Laura go to bed? Laura went to bed at eleven o'clock. Went is the past tense of go. Go is an irregular verb in English. Now let's look at the structure for the past continuous is really similar to the present continuous. So if you remember the present continuous is the subject then the verb to be which is our auxiliary verb our helping verb and then the ing form of the verb the main verb. For example I am doing. All we need to do for the past continuous is just change the verb to be into the past. So I was doing. I am doing. I was doing. It's very simple to do. So remember that the verb to be is irregular so I am doing. You are doing. He ---- is doing becomes I was doing. You were doing. He ---- was doing. Here's another example for you. This time last year he was living in London. Here we use the past continuous. He was living in London because the action happened for a long period of time in the past. Here's another example. At nine a.m. I started playing tennis. At eleven a.m. I finished playing tennis. At ten a.m. I was playing tennis. Here I'm using the past continuous with I was playing tennis because I was in the middle of doing a longer action in the past. You can also use the past simple and the past continuous together to talk about how a longer action was interrupted by another action. For example I was taking a shower when you called me so I was in the middle of doing a longer action when you interrupted that action. Now let's practice with some activities. Take a look at this task here. I'd like you to fill in the gaps. Pause the video if you need more time. I saw Sarah in town yesterday but she didn't see me. She was looking in the other direction. So with the first sentence I saw Sarah it happened in the past. It was an action that finished in the past but she didn't see me. Again this is one action that happened in the past and finished in the past but we use she was looking in the other direction because this action happened for a longer period of time. She was doing the action of looking in the other direction when I saw her so she didn't see me. Those two little actions happened while she was looking in the other direction. Next we have the present perfect. In English we use the present perfect to talk about experiences that happened in the past with no specific time given to them. To create this tense you have the subject for example I and then you have the auxiliary verb have. This only conjugates with he she it like our other verbs and it becomes he she it has. Then you use what's called the past participle of the verb. The past participle is usually formed by adding ed to the end of the verb. So a verb like walk becomes walked just like we looked at with the past simple. So in the present perfect this becomes I have walked. You can also contract the subject and the auxiliary verb have and just say I've walked. Again you can do that with all the different subjects. So you have walked becomes you've walked. She he it has walked. So bear in mind that that has changes there. Has walked. So she's walked. He's walked. It's walked. We'd walked and they'd walked. A lot of irregular verbs in English tend to have en at the end of the past participle. So write becomes wrote in the past simple but written in the past participle. The same with take talk and taken or eat ate and eaten. So let's take a look at an example of when we use the present perfect to talk about experiences. Take a look at this example. I have been to Japan. Do you know when I went to Japan. No we don't know when I went to Japan. All that matters here is the experience. It's the action. That's all that's important with the present perfect. You can also use the present perfect to talk about actions which started in the past but they continue to happen in the present or there is a connection to the present. For example I have lost my keys. This means that I lost my keys in the past and they are still lost now because with the present perfect there is a connection to the present. If you say I lost my keys with the present simple it's not clear whether you found your keys or not. They could still be lost or maybe you found them. But with the present perfect when you say I have lost my keys it implies that the keys are still lost. To make the negative form of the present perfect just add not after have or has. So I have not lost my keys. She has not lost her keys. Let's now practice with some exercises. Using the words in the brackets I'd like you to fill the gaps. For example we have he a horse. He has ridden a horse. Ridden is the past participle of ride. Ride, road, ridden. It's irregular. Now I'd like you to try with these three sentences here. Using the verb in the brackets I'd like you to fill the gap with the present perfect. Pause the video if you feel you need more time. Number one irregular verb. Eaten. She has not eaten all the bread or she hasn't eaten all the bread. Number two I have met her before or I've met her before. Number three he has not finished his homework or he hasn't finished his homework. Now let's move on to the present perfect continuous. We use the present perfect continuous to talk about an action which started in the past and it continues to happen up to the present time. This is formed in a very similar way to the present perfect tense. The only difference is just adding a little bit extra. So we start with the subject and then have or has like we looked at I have or you have. He she it has. Remember the third person always changes. Then you add been. So I've been, you've been, he she it has been etc. Then you add the ing form of the verb. Remember we looked at this with the continuous verbs like I am doing. Here we can say I have been doing. I have been doing, you have been doing, he she it has been doing. And remember you only need to conjugate the auxiliary verb have. So I have, you have, he she it has. Has is the only one you need to think about conjugating here. So here's an example, a real example. I have been recording this video for over three hours. It's true. So I've been recording this video for over three hours. So I'm using the present perfect tense here because I'm talking about an action which started in the past and it's continuing to happen in the present. You can also use it for actions which have only recently stopped but there is a connection somehow to the present. I'll give you some examples. Example number one. I have been living in Spain for two years. The action started two years ago and it continues to happen now in the present. With the second example I'd like you to imagine that you're looking outside your window. You see that the sky is now clear but before it was raining and it only stopped raining about five minutes ago. You can say it has been raining. Now this time we're talking about an action which started in the past and only recently finished. So with the present perfect continuous you can use it to talk about actions which started in the past and only recently finished. Now let's practice with some examples. I'm going to read some sentences to give you context but I'd like you to fill the gaps. Pause if you need more time. Number one. It is snowing. It started snowing three hours ago. It for three hours. It has been snowing for three hours. Number two. I am learning Spanish. I started learning Spanish ten years ago. I Spanish for ten years. I have been learning Spanish for ten years. Number three. I started cleaning my office this morning. I finished just before I started recording this video. I my office all morning. I have been cleaning my office all morning. Now let's look at the past perfect. We use the past perfect when we want to say that one action happened before another action. For example. Sarah had finished her homework before she ate dinner. She had finished her homework first and then the second action was she ate dinner. Here's another example. I had eaten before you arrived. So I had eaten was the first action. Then after that you arrived. As you can see the structure of the past perfect is really similar to the present perfect. Remember with the present perfect we used I have eaten but with the past perfect you just put have into the past. I had eaten. You had eaten. She he it had eaten. To sound more natural you can contract and you can say I'd done. You'd done. We'd done. She'd done. He'd done etc. To make it negative you just add not after had. So I had cleaned because I had not cleaned. Or to sound more natural you can squish those words together and contract them and say I hadn't cleaned. Now let's practice with some example sentences. As always you can pause to give yourself extra time. Number one. The performance before we arrived. The performance had started before we arrived. Number two. He. The door before he went to bed. He had locked the door before he went to bed. Number three. I. My suitcase before I left for the airport. I had packed my suitcase before I left for the airport. Now let's move on to the next tense. I'm going to read an example sentence. Pay attention. Yesterday I got home from work extremely tired. I had been working hard all day. This is the past perfect continuous. You use the past perfect continuous to emphasise the duration of an action. So if you think of past perfect as just being one complete action, past perfect continuous is a longer action and you're emphasising that that action happened for a long time and it happened before another action happened. So in our example sentence I had been working all day. I'm emphasising the fact I had been working for a long time all day and then I got home. So that second interaction, that second action is I got home. Here's another example. I had been painting the house before you arrived. I had been painting for a long time and then you arrived. So by using the past perfect continuous I'm emphasising the duration of the action. To create the structure for the past perfect continuous it's very easy because nothing really changes. You don't need to conjugate anything. You just start with the subject, then had been and then the ing form of the verb. For example, I had been waiting. In a full sentence, I had been waiting for half an hour when the bus finally arrived. So I had been waiting for half an hour when the bus finally arrived. You can also use the past perfect continuous to talk about cause and effect. For example, she was out of breath because she had been running. Remember to sound more natural you can contract the subject and had together. So you can say I'd been doing, you'd been doing, she'd been doing, he'd been doing, it had been doing, we'd been doing and so on. And to make it negative you just add not in between had and been. So I had not been doing, she had not been doing, you had not been doing. Or you can contract and you can say hadn't. So you contract had and not this time. I hadn't been doing, you hadn't been doing, she hadn't been doing, etc. Now it's time to practice your grammar with some more exercises. Remember, pause the video if you need more time. Number one, we. Video games all afternoon before our mum told us to stop. We had been playing or we'd been playing. Notice as well that when I say this very quickly I don't say had been playing. I say had been, had been playing. So keep that in mind for your pronunciation and it will also help you with your listening skills. Number two, Phil was very tired when he got home. He all day. He had been working all day or he'd been working all day. Number three, the bus was extremely late. Everyone for the bus for over an hour. Everyone had been waiting for the bus for over an hour. Number four, Maria failed her exam. She very hard all summer. She hadn't been studying very hard all summer. Now it's time to talk about the future. When you decide in the present moment to do something in the future, you use will. Conjugating will is very easy because it doesn't change. So we say I will do. So you add the verb after. You will do. She will do. He will do. It will do. We will do. They will do. It's very easy. You don't need to change anything. To sound more natural, you can contract the subject and will. I'll do. You'll do. She'll do, etc. Now let's imagine this for a moment. You walk into a room and you see that the window is open. Someone has left the window open. So you say, oh, I'll close the window. I'll close the window. You use will in this case because you're setting the intention now. You can also use will when you want to offer to do something. For example, that box looks heavy. I'll help you. You can also use will when you agree to do something. For example, I'll give you this book the next time I see you. And finally, you can use will to make promises. For example, I'll send you the document later. To make will into the negative, you just add not after it. So I will not send you the document. If you want to sound more natural, then you just contract will and not together and create won't. So I won't send you the document later. You can also use won't when you want to say that someone or something refuses to do something. So it sounds very, very strong, like a strong refusal. For example, the pen won't work. Or imagine you can't close the window. You can say, the window won't close. It's like it's refusing to close, let's say. When we talk about plans for the future, we tend to use will when we make the plan in that moment while we're speaking. For example, imagine you ask me now, Emma, what are you going to do this weekend? And I have no plans. I could say, oh, I don't know. I think I'll go to the park. I think I'll go because I just decided now. I made the plan now while I'm talking to you. You can also use will for general future intentions and plans. So it's not concrete. It's just one day it will happen. For example, one day I'll travel to India. I don't know when. I don't have a plan. I have no idea when I will go, but I will go one day. Here's another example. I'll see you another time. Do I know when I will see you? No, but I will. I intend to. I plan So you see that with will, we don't really have any concrete intentions. It's not necessarily a 100% plan. Next, we're going to look at going to. Going to is for future plans that you have already decided to do. So you intend to do these plans because you've already decided to do them in the past. For example, imagine that today is Monday and I decide I want to buy a new phone. I then make the plan to go to the shop on Saturday to buy the new phone. Then on Thursday, you see me and you say, Emma, do you have any plans for Saturday? And I say, yes, I do. On Saturday, I'm going to buy a new phone. So I use I'm going to buy because I made the plan on Monday. I set the intention, the plan, on Monday. The structure for going to is very simple. Just use the subject, for example, I, and then the present form of to be, so I am, then the phrase going to, and then the verb. So I am going to visit. You are going to visit. She's going to visit. We are going to visit. They are going to visit. To sound more natural, you can contract the subject and to be. So I'm going to visit. You're going to visit. She's going to visit. He's going to visit, etc. Here are some more examples. I'm going to have a coffee with my friend tomorrow. You can also use going to with future actions or predictions which are very, very obvious. For example, careful, you're going to walk into that wall. You're going to get sick if you only eat junk food. Now take a look at these sentences and complete the gaps. Remember, you can pause the video if you need more time. Number one, his car stopped working last week, so he, another one tomorrow. So he is going to buy another one tomorrow, or he's going to buy another one tomorrow. Number two, I'm too tired, so I, football tonight. So I'm not going to play football tonight, or so I am not going to play football tonight. Number three, he bought a new table, but he doesn't know where he, it yet. Where he is going to put it yet, or where he's going to put it yet. Finally, our last two tenses that we're going to look at in this unit are actually two tenses you have already learned in this video. Before, you learned how to use the present continuous to talk about actions that are happening right now. For example, I am recording a video. And you also learned about how to use the present simple to talk about things which are a routine or a general fact. For example, I record videos every week. Take a look at these examples using the present continuous, but we're talking about the future. I'm not working tomorrow. I'm meeting my friend this evening. Here we're using the present continuous, but why? Because these are concrete plans which I've already decided to do in the future. Notice how using the present continuous and going to are very similar, because you use both of them to talk about actions you already decided to do. But the key difference here is that when you know a plan or an action will 100% happen in the future, you use the present continuous. The present continuous sounds stronger. It sounds like 100% the action is going to happen. When you use going to, it basically indicates to the other person, ah, okay, that person set the intention in the past. The plan has already been made, but it doesn't sound as concrete as present continuous. The present continuous sounds very concrete, like 100% that plan is going to happen. For example, I can't help you tomorrow. I'm visiting my grandparents. It sounds like 100% I'm visiting my grandparents no matter what. That plan is not going to change. Now let's look at the present simple and using it for the future. Take a look at these examples. Tomorrow, my plane leaves at 7am. Classes start next week at 9am. So notice with these that when we use the present simple to talk about future actions, it's for things which follow a schedule. So anything that follows a timetable or a schedule of some kind, you can use the present simple. For example, transportation, like train times, flights, etc. You can use it for cinema times, for TV times, things like that, like TV programs. All of these follow a schedule. Or you could use it for courses, like the classes start at 9am. They follow a timetable. I'd like you to look at these sentences and decide whether we should use the present simple or the present continuous in the gaps. Remember, you can pause the video if you need more time. Number one, Susan is not visiting us tomorrow or Susan isn't visiting us tomorrow. So this is a concrete plan. She's not visiting us tomorrow. Number two, the meeting starts at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning. The meeting starts because it's a scheduled thing, it's a scheduled event. Number three, I'm afraid I can't help you tomorrow. I am visiting my grandparents or I'm visiting my grandparents. We use the present continuous because this is a concrete, 100% plan. Number four, the train leaves at 6pm. The train leaves because this train follows a timetable, it follows a schedule. So we use the present simple. And that is the end of today's English grammar lesson on all the tenses from levels A1 to B2 to talk about the past, present and future correctly in English. If you want to practice today's tenses and learn even more tenses to help you speak English more accurately and confidently, then remember that you can get 25% off the interactive ebook version of Cambridge's English Grammar in Use. Just remember to use the code GIUSAVE25. GIUSAVE25. The link to get your copy of the interactive ebook is in the description of this video. Just remember to use your code to get 25% off at the checkout. Remember to also download the free PDF version of today's lesson notes with all of today's exercises, answers and some pronunciation tips scattered throughout so you can practice and improve your English pronunciation as well. The link to download your free PDF is in the description of this video. If you have made it all the way to this part of the video, then thank you so much for watching and comment down below with your favorite animal. My favorite animal, I think... I think my favorite animals are dogs and my best friend is here right now. You can't see her but Freya is here. She's been here the whole time I've recorded this video. I've been recording for about five hours. Poor thing. I should go take her for a walk right now. Remember to give this video a like if you've enjoyed it and you've learned something new and remember to subscribe if you'd like more videos to help you improve your English pronunciation. Thank you for watching. Bye bye!