Past Perfect Simple

Hello everyone, this is Marc from www.englishmarc.net. Last week, Zoe watched the movie I had recommended her. In this video, I'm going to talk about the past perfect simple. Let's just imagine the following scenario. Two weeks ago, I told Zoe about this movie I watched. One week ago, Zoe watched the movie. In order to put these sentences together, we need the past perfect simple. So, I said, last week, Zoe watched the movie I had recommended her. So, we use the past perfect simple for an action that happened before another past action. And we use it with either the present perfect or the simple past or the past simple. And we use time expressions such as already, ago, last. So, for a positive sentence, we make it with the subject plus had because it's the auxiliary. And the auxiliary of this tense is the past of have. So, it's had plus the past participle, so it could be regular or irregular, plus the object. Like I said in my example at the beginning, I had recommended her. Recommend is regular, so we add ed. For a negative sentence, then, we use the subject plus had plus not, plus the past participle, but it could be always regular or irregular, plus the object and the time expression at the end. So, she hadn't watched the movie I recommended. And the interrogative sentence, we need the WH question word at the beginning, if there is. Then, we need had, then the subject, then the past participle, obviously, always regular or irregular, and then the object. So, where had you been when I called you? Where had you been when I called you? So, this could be the three different sentences for the past perfect simple. So, let's recap. We use the past perfect simple for an action that happened before another action in the past. We can use it either with the present perfect or the past simple or the simple past. We use it in order to put a chronological order in the sentence. So, we know that something happened before another action in the past. Now, I have a question for you. How had you learned English before watching these mini lessons? Give your answer under this video. I hope you liked the video and please share. Have a great day. See you next time. Bye-bye.