🇩🇪 Master German Cases: Intensive Training (Nominativ, Akkusativ, Dativ, Genitiv)

Hello, my name is Julia. Hello, my name is Julia and I'm the instructor of this course. I come from a little town close to Frankfurt am Main and I have been teaching German for more than 10 years already. So here you can see my profile on Udemy. I have more than 20 German courses already and I was also teaching in language schools as well as on the platform www.verbling.com So, I hope to see you as one of my new students in this course. Dann hoffe ich, dass wir uns bald in diesem Kurs sehen. Mach's gut! Welcome to this chapter. Here is about the Adjektivdeklination as we call it in German or adjective declension in English. So unlike in the English language, in German we have to adapt the adjectives to the gender and the grammatical case a noun is in. Okay, so let's have a look at the sentence here. Adjektive, die vor dem Nomen stehen, müssen an ihren Genus und den grammatikalischen Fall angepasst werden. So they have to be adapted to the gender and the grammatical case. And we also call it dekliniert, dekliniert werden or angepasst werden, to be declined. We call it to decline, it means to adapt the article and also of course the adjective. We have to decline it and adapt it to the gender and to the grammatical case the noun is in. So here we have an example. Ich stehe vor einem großen Haus. I'm standing in front of a big house. So as you see, we use the dative preposition vor here, but it's one of the Wechselproposition, the two-way prepositions. Here there is not a movement, so it means I'm standing there in front of it. I'm not going there, I'm not moving myself in front of the house, but I'm standing there already. That's why we're using that in the dative case. So ich stehe vor einem großen Haus. So we have to use it in the dative form, the indefinite article einem changes to an em at the end, because das Haus, the house is neutral in German, that's why we say einem in the dative case. And here you see how we decline the adjective, it's großen. Actually without any declination, like the neutral adjective big means groß, but now we have to decline it, we have to adapt it. Now it's the neutral form, neutral noun in the dative case, that's why we have to add an en at the end. We are going to look at all the charts thoroughly now in the next slides. So if the adjective is standing before the noun, is written hier vor, in front of the noun, we have to adapt them or decline them. Now here is written Adjektive, die nach dem Nomen stehen, ändern sich nicht. So adjectives that are standing after a noun do not change. We do not adapt the adjectives if they are standing after the noun. Here an example, das Haus ist groß, the house is big. So you see the adjective is after, it comes after the noun, that's why we do not decline it. Das Haus ist groß, the house is big. You can say, der Mann ist klein, the man is small, for example. It would not decline if it comes after the adjective. If it comes before, you have to decline it. Just this little rule. And now we are going to look at the charts. So we have weak declensions, strong declensions, and then we have mixed declensions. So it means regular, irregular, and mixed declensions. Let's start with the weak ones, with the regular ones. Schwache Deklination or also Regelmäßige Deklination. So here you have a chart. Here you have the genders, masculine, feminine, neutral, and plural. And here the different grammatical cases. So if we, now the weak declensions, we use them if we have in front of the adjective. It depends on what is written before it, what there is before the adjective, or maybe whether there is nothing at all. So that's what it depends on, how we decline the adjective. So if before the adjective, if we have, as written here, if before the adjective is an indefinite article here, or sorry, definite articles, like der, die, das. Right, der, die, das. If we have that before, if it comes before the adjective, we use the declination of this chart. And then of course it's not just der, die, das. It just means that it's masculine, female, and neutral. But it's also in the accusative if it is den before, or in the dative dem or der for the female form, for example, or in the genitive des und der. Okay, so as long as you have a definite article before you use this declination. Then the demonstrative pronouns. Diese, diese, und dieses. There is a chapter also about that in this course. Okay, this is again just in the nominative case. Of course it can be diesem, diesen, and so on. I just wrote it just always in the nominative case here, because otherwise there would be a lot of text here. Okay, so it's not just for the nominative case, but for all grammatical cases. Whenever you have a demonstrative pronoun before the adjective, you also use the declination of this chart. Then derjenige, diejenige, und dasjenige. It means the one in English. So for example, derjenige Mann, the one man, let's say. It's just a kind of a demonstrative pronoun also, just to stress out who that is. Derjenige Mann, der dort steht. Like the one man who is standing there. In English we wouldn't really say it like this, but in German we do. And you decline it also. It also changes with each grammatical case. Here we just have it in the masculine form. Derjenige, you see the article der. Diejenige for the female form. Und dasjenige for the neutral form. If you see those words here before the adjective, you also have to use this chart. Derselbe, dieselbe, dasselbe means the same. So derselbe is the same if it's a masculine noun that comes afterwards. I can say, das ist derselbe Pullover. That is the same pullover. For example, der Pullover is masculine, so you would have to say derselbe. Dieselbe is also the same, but if there is a female noun that comes afterwards, I can say, das ist dieselbe Frau. This is the same woman. Dasselbe is for neutral nouns. I can say, das ist dasselbe Kind. This is the same child, for example. And you also have to adapt that. If it wasn't the accusative, it would be denselben. For example, denselben. You would have to put the article here. It would change to den and then an n at the end. So here it's all in the nominative case. Then we have welcher, welche and welches, which means which, if you want to ask. It's a question word. So for example, welcher, that's the masculine form, welche, female form, and also for the plural form, of course, and welches for the neutral form. So welcher Mann, for example, which man, or welche Frau, which woman, welches Kind, which child. Then we have jeder, jede und jedes, which means every. Jeder for the masculine form, jede the female form, und jedes the neutral form. Again, it's all for the nominative case. I can say, jeder Mann hat eine Hose. Every man has pants. Oder jede Frau hat einen Rock. Every woman has a skirt, for example. Jedes Kind hat ein Spielzeug. Every child has a toy. Just simple sentences. And then we have manche, manche, manches, that means some. Manche masculine form, manche is the female plural form, and manches is the neutral form. So for example, manche Mann hat ein Auto. Like some man, a man or some man has a car, for example. And then we have alle, which is all, just for the plural form. Then it doesn't matter whether the plural form, and the noun of the plural is masculine, female, or neutral, it would be always just alle for all. It does not change. So whenever you see those words in front of the adjective, you have to use this chart and the declination of this chart. Now let's have a look at the examples. So here we have just definite articles in front of the adjectives here. Der große Mann. As you see masculine in the nominative case, you just add an i here. For feminine nominative, it's also i, die große Frau. For the neutral form nominative, das große Kind. It's also just an i. And for the plural form, you have to say die große Menschen. Now the declination is i and at the end. Then the accusative. As you see, now it starts changing. But again, just for the masculine form. So it's den klugen Mann. I could say, ich sehe den klugen Mann. I'm seeing or I see the smart man. So it would be in the accusative. Of course, then it depends on the verb that you're using or the preposition. So here if I say, ich sehe den klugen Mann, I see the smart man. So you would have to decline the adjective and add an en in this case for accusative masculine. Feminine accusative stays the same as in the nominative. The neutral form stays the same and the plural form also stays the same. This is typical for the accusative that just the masculine form changes. Then the dative. Let's have a look at dative masculine. You would say dem netten Mann. Now you see the declination here is also an en at the end. You could say, ich glaube dem netten Mann. I believe the nice or friendly man. Glauben, to believe is a dative verb. That's why you would use it in the dative case here. To whomever you believe is the dative object. That's why you have to decline it here for the dative case. Then let's say, ich glaube der netten Frau. I believe the nice or friendly woman. The article here, as you see, changes from die to der because we're using the dative. And then the declination is en at the end. Ich glaube der netten Frau. Ich verzeihe der netten Frau. I forgive the friendly woman. Depending on which verb you use, then you will decide whether you use the accusative or dative case. And it depends on the prepositions also. Then, dem netten Kind. That would be the neutral form in the dative. As you see, they are all the same in the dative. The declination of all adjectives is the same. You always have to add an en at the end. So here in the plural form, den netten Menschen. And then the last one. Here we have the genitive form. Genitive masculine, des schlanken Mannes. As you see here, the declination is also the same for all adjectives. Exactly as with the dative, we add an en at the end. That's a good thing here with the regular declension. So hier der schlanken Frau. You could say, for example, Das ist das Auto der schlanken Frau. This is the slender woman's car, for example. So that's the genitive. Here in the masculine form, please don't forget the es or es, depending on the noun. Mann has just one syllable, so we have to add an es here at the end. Because it's genitive masculine. For masculine and neutral nouns in the genitive, we have to add an es or an s at the end. Das schlanken Mannes. Das schlanken Kindes. Das Kind is neutral. It just has one syllable. That's why we add an es here at the end. And then here the plural form. I hope you can see that as you zoom it in. Der schlanken Menschen. The slender people. Let's say, Das ist das Haus der schlanken Menschen. It's the slender people's house, for example. Just a simple sentence. But you see the declension here for the regular declension. You would have to study this by heart. Because with the irregular declension and the mixed declension, it is changing. Now let's move to the next slide. And here we have the mixed declension. Or gemischte Deklination, as it is called in German. So whenever we have indefinite articles. So I've written here unbestimmte Artikel. In front of the adjective. So ein, this is the masculine ein and the female und ein. In the neutral form it means ein. The indefinite article is ein in English. In English it does not change. But in German you have to change it or adapt it to the noun. This is just in the nominative case. In the accusative, dative and genitive case it's different. We will see it here in the examples in this chart. And then also whenever you have a possessive determiner in front of an adjective. You have to use the mixed declension. Like here mein or meine. Meine is in the nominative case. For the neutral and masculine form. If you want to say mein Bruder, my brother for example. Meine is for female and plural nouns. Again in the nominative case. It changes in the other grammatical cases. So it would be the same for mein, dein and so on. For mein, his, hers and yours and so on. And then we have the negation kein or keine. Whenever you use this negation in front of an adjective. You also have to decline the adjective according to the mixed declension rules. So kein would be for masculine nouns. Or neutral nouns that we negate. And keine for plural and female nouns that we want to negate. So let's have a look at this chart here. So the nominative masculine is the first one. Here we have the indefinite article ein in front. So it would be ein großer Mann. The declension here is er at the end of the adjective. Ein großer Mann. Hier eine große Frau for the feminine form. Ein großes Kind, that's the neutral form. And the plural form is meine tollen Bücher for example. Because the indefinite article ein does not exist in the plural form. It's exactly the same as in the English language. So it's meine tollen Bücher, my great books here. Meine tollen Bücher. So for the plural nominative you have to add an em there. No matter which adjective you use. It counts for all adjectives. Of course not just for the ones that you are seeing here on the chart. There are just some examples. Then the next one is the accusative case. So let's start with the first one, the masculine. Einen klugen Mann. So let's say you could say ich kenne einen klugen Mann. I know a smart guy or a smart man. So here the declension is en at the end of the adjective. Einen klugen Mann. The female form eine kluge Frau. An e at the end. Ein kluges Kind, es at the end. Und deine netten Freunde. Your friendly friends or your nice friends. Okay? You could say ich kenne deine netten Freunde. Freunde would be an accusative object. Because we are using the word kennen which is an accusative word. Whoever or whatever you know is always the accusative object. That's why you would have to say ich kenne deine netten Freunde. Okay? That's the declension here. It would be no matter which adjective you use. Eine tolle Frau. Eine große Frau. Eine kleine Frau. Eine schöne Frau. Eine schlanke Frau. No matter what you would take. Okay? At the end of the adjective you have to add an e. Then the next one for the dative. We have einem netten Mann. For example you can say ich vertraue einem netten Mann. I trust a friendly or a nice man. Okay? It would be so whoever you trust is the dative object. That's why man is the dative object. So you have to decline the adjective here according to the dative declension here. The mixed declension. Einem netten Mann. En at the end. Here ich vertraue einer netten Frau. I trust a nice woman. Einer netten Frau. Einem netten Kind. Und seinen freundlichen Großeltern. For example ich vertraue seinen freundlichen Großeltern. I trust his friendly grandparents. Okay? So you see the declension is the same for all of them. And then the same in the genitive case. Here you always have an en at the end of the adjective. They are all the same. Okay? So for example here eines schlanken Mannes. That's the masculine form. Der Mann. That's masculine. Right? So you have to add an es here in the genitive. You can say das ist der Kühlschrank eines schlanken Mannes. Like this is the slim man's fridge for example. Okay? And the female einer schlanken Frau would be the same. Das ist der Kühlschrank einer schlanken Frau. This is a slender woman's fridge for example. Eines schlanken Kindes here for the child. Don't forget das Kind is neutral so you have to add an es at the end in the genitive form because it has just one syllable. And then eurer großen Bäume. Let's say we ask was ist der Name eurer großen Bäume. Like what is the name of your tall trees for example. Okay? Or for example das ist die Farbe. Let's say das ist der Name eurer großen Bäume. This is your tall trees or your big tree's name for example. Okay? That would be in the genitive. So you add an en here also. Okay? So that are the mixed declension in the second group. Now we are going to look at the third group. Now we have starke Deklination which is the strong declension or just another word for irregular. So now those are again quite different from the other two groups that we have looked at in this chapter. Now whenever we do not have an article before the adjective. There is no article at all. This rule here, this declension applies. Okay? Deklination wenn kein Artikel davor steht. So if there is no article in front of the adjective. Or whenever the following is written before the adjective. Oder wenn folgendes vor dem Adjektiv steht. Or when the following is written or standing before the adjective. So if you have a koordinalzeit, so if you have a number zwei, drei and so on. So that would be for the plural. It would be zwei große Menschen, drei kluge Menschen, vier... Okay? That would be... Okay? So you would have to use this declension. Ich gebe es... Geben to give, for example, is a dative verb. So you would have to say, Ich gebe es fünf netten Menschen. I give it to five friendly people, for example, like a gift or something. Okay? So this is whenever you have a number in front of the adjective. Okay? Also, but you would have to use the plural form here. Because zwei, it's starting with the plural, does not work in this case here. Because this is just the singular form. Then if you have the word mannich before of that. So mannich means some. Okay? So for example, Mannich großer Mann macht viel Sport. Just a very basic sentence. Mannich großer Mann... Some tall man likes to do sport, for example. Solch means such, if you have solch before. Solch große Frau, such a tall woman, for example. Welch... We use that for what's a, for example. Welch kluge Frau. It means what a smart woman. Welch kluge Frau. Okay? That would be what's a if it's singular. If it's the plural form, it would be just Welch. Welch große Menschen. What tall people, for example. Like if you wonder what tall people that are. And then allerlei means all kinds of. Allerlei nette... For example, allerlei große Frauen. Here for the plural form. Oder allerlei große Menschen. All kinds of tall people, for example. Mancherlei means various. For example, ich glaube mancherlei netten Menschen. For example, I believe in various friendly people. So it would be... Also you would have to use it just for the plural form. Exactly as like allerlei, all kinds of. Andere means other. Would be also here for the plural. Andere kluge Menschen. Other smart people, for example. Ich kenne andere kluge Menschen. I know other smart people. If you have that in front of the adjective. Folgende means following. For example, but you can also decline it. And it doesn't have to be just in the plural form. It can be for the singular also. Then it would be, for example, folgender großer Mann. Like the following tall man. Okay, or folgende. For example, Ich helfe folgenden klugen Menschen. It would be... Like for example, I'm helping the following friendly people. Just to take that. You would have to decline it still. But whenever you see this in front of an adjective, you have to use this declension here for the adjectives. Okay. And then we have verschiedene, which means different. That you would have to use also for the plural form. That would make the most sense. For example, verschiedene große Menschen. Different tall people, for example. Okay, it's just taking the example that you see here. I hope you see them actually. Okay, just take those examples here for you to see because they're here on this page. Wenig means little. Ich kenne wenig kluge Menschen, for example. I know little smart people. Just a few. Wenig means little or few. Etwas means somewhat. You could say, Ich kenne etwas kluge Menschen. I know somewhat smart people, for example. Etwas also means something, but it also means somewhat. Then the next one, mehrere means several. Here you would have to use the plural form. Ich helfe hier mehreren netten Menschen. It would be, Ich helfe mehreren netten Menschen. I help several friendly people. Okay. Just basic examples here. But for you to know, whenever you see these words here in front of the adjective, you have to use the strong declension. So that was the chapter about the adjective declension. So I know there are several rules here and three different groups. So it's worth practicing and writing different sentences using all those articles in front of that, for example, to really understand. And you would have to practice that as much as possible. Okay. Because now we have different rules here. Okay. And in order to really be able to use that, you would have to practice. It takes practice. Okay. Then I hope you learned a lot in this chapter and see you in the next one. Tschüss und bis bald. Welcome to this chapter. So after having studied thoroughly all the four grammatical cases in this course, now we are going to look at sentences which have several different grammatical cases within one sentence. Okay. Now we are going to practice distinguishing those, to distinguish those different grammatical cases from each other. Okay. So we have three different tools in order to find out which grammatical case we are using. We have the case questions. We are going to look at them in this chapter. Okay. So each grammatical case has its own grammatical questions or case questions we are saying in German. Fallfragen, it's called in German. Then we have the prepositions. So certain prepositions always work with certain grammatical cases. Right. We have accusative prepositions, periodative prepositions. We have the two-way prepositions that work with accusative and dative. So we practice that also to distinguish those two from each other. And then we have the genitive prepositions in German. Okay. So we have that second tool. And the third tool are the verbs. So we have certain verbs that we are always using with the accusative case and some other verbs that we use with the dative case. Right. So we practice that in the previous chapters. Now we are going to apply all those three tools and practice distinguishing the different grammatical cases from each other. Okay. So as you know, let me go back real quick. So as you know, the dative case does not exist in English. So if you're an English native speaker, it is a little bit more difficult to distinguish accusative and dative from each other. But this is what this chapter is for, is to practice to distinguish those cases from each other and all the tools that we need you learned in the previous chapters. Okay. So now let's have a look at this chapter and the different sentences that we have. Okay. Die Fallfragen, that means case questions. And here we have a sentence. Now we're going to break down the sentence here. Patrick kauft einer Studentin ein Eis. It means Patrick buys an ice cream, let's say, to or for a student, a female student. Now we don't have the preposition für here because it's not necessary. Because etwas jemandem kaufen, like for somebody, you can just put the object of the person to whom you are buying something in the dative and then you don't have to use the preposition für. Patrick kauft einer Studentin ein Eis. So let's start with the first case questions for the nominative case. The case question for the nominative case is wer oder was, who or what. Now we're asking about the active part in the case question of the nominative case. Wer oder was kauft einer Studentin ein Eis? Who or what is buying the female student an ice cream? The answer is Patrick. Patrick here is the subject of the nominative object, he's the active part. The next case question is wen oder was kauft Patrick einer Studentin? Now in English it is also who or what, but it's about the passive part, the object that he's buying for the female student. Also wen oder was kauft er? Okay, what is he buying? The answer is ein Eis, the ice cream. So the ice cream is the object that he's buying, it's the accusative object here, because this is what he's buying. Whatever you buy needs to be put, the object that you buy always needs to be put in the accusative case. So the next sentence here, the next question, the next case question is the dative case question and it is wem oder was kauft Patrick ein Eis? It means whom or to whom, okay? So to whom is he buying an ice cream? The answer is einer Studentin. So einer Studentin is the one who receives the ice cream, he's buying it to her or for her. Whom is he buying an ice cream? Einer Studentin. So Studentin here is the dative object. And if you remember, the indefinite article for female nouns is einer in the dative case. So this is how you use the case questions in order to figure out which noun is in which grammatical case. So you have to look at them closely and if you, for example, don't have a preposition, which is kind of a signal word, right? So if you see mit, you know exactly that, you know directly that whatever comes after mit, the preposition mit, which means with, whatever comes right afterwards needs to be put in the dative. Now in this case here, in this sentence, we don't have a preposition, okay? We just have the word kaufen. So whatever you buy, the object you buy needs to be put in the accusative and to whom you buy something, the receiver is a dative object. So you have to break down the sentence and then use the case questions, for example, if you don't have a preposition. So that was about this sentence. Now let's have a look at the next example. So the sentence here is, on the top, Frau Bergmann kauft ein Geschenk für ihren Mann neben dem Kiosk. Now here, it's a little bit longer sentence. So we have here, just to look at that directly, so we have the subject, this is the one who buys something, we have a verb, we have an object, ein Geschenk means a present, für ihren Mann, for her husband, and neben dem Kiosk, next to the kiosk. Now this is indication of place. So subject, verb, we have an accusative object, we have another accusative object, because this is the object that she's buying, and this is here the preposition für, so for whomever she buys something needs to be put in the accusative after the preposition für, and then we have an indication of place. So it means, Frau Bergmann kauft ein Geschenk für ihren Mann neben dem Kiosk, in English that is, Miss Bergmann buys a present for her husband next to the kiosk, or a convenience store it could also mean. So here the first case question is, Wer oder was kauft ein Geschenk für ihren Mann neben dem Kiosk? So who or what buys a present for her husband next to the kiosk? Right, we're asking about the active part here, so it is who or what in English, we're asking about the active part. The answer to that is Frau Bergmann, so Frau Bergmann, she is the nominative object or the subject in the sentence. Hey Frau Bergmann! The next question is, Wen oder was kauft Frau Bergmann für ihren Mann neben dem Kiosk? Now who or what is she buying for her husband next to the kiosk? It's about the passive part and now the object that she is buying. Right, so whatever she buys needs to be put in the accusative because that's the object that she buys. So the answer here is ein Geschenk, which is the accusative object, this is what she is buying. The next question is, Für wen kauft Frau Bergmann ein Geschenk neben dem Kiosk? It means for whom or for who is she buying? It would be actually for whom, I think in English, but it's about the preposition here, right, because für wen means for whom and this is a typical accusative preposition so you know for whomever she buys the gift needs to be put in the dative. So here for whom is she buying the present next to the kiosk and the answer is für ihren Mann. Okay, it's the accusative object. As you see here, the preposition für goes always with the accusative case. And the next question here is, Wo kauft Frau Bergmann ein Geschenk für ihren Mann? Right, it means where. Where is she buying a gift or a present for her husband? And here you have to, the preposition neben, which means next to. This belongs to the Wechselpreposition and they are called in German. So those prepositions, which are about the location, they can stand in the dative or in the accusative object. It depends on whether the question is where is somebody going, where to somebody is going or where somebody is going. Now this is for the A2 level already, but just for you to know, here neben, you use it in this case, you use it with the dative case. Because now neben means next to, but there is no movement involved. So she's not going next to the kiosk, but she just bought it next to the kiosk. So the question is, where did she buy it next to the kiosk? I'm not asking where did she go to in order to buy it, right? So here it just says she bought it next to the kiosk. So that's why we have to use it in the dative case. So the answer here is neben dem kiosk. It's the dative object. Also you recognize it because the article is dem. The article dem just exists in the dative case. It's never in the accusative or in the nominative case. Neither it is in the genitive case, the one that we are going to learn in the A2 level. So as you see, we have a nominative object here, we have an accusative object, we have another accusative object because of the preposition für and we have a dative object because of the preposition neben but without asking where to but just where. But also it is of course a help if you know the articles in the dative case for example. In the accusative they are similar except of the masculine one they are the same as in the nominative. So that would not be a big help unless the article is masculine. But here in the dative case dem can just be in the dative case. There is no other possibility. So if you recognize the articles that is also a great help. So let's have a look at the next slide. So in this sentence we have the following. Karl hat gestern einen Apfelsaft mit seinem Cousin getrunken. Which means Karl has drunk an apple juice with his cousin yesterday. And let's have a look how we apply the case questions here. Wer hat gestern einen Apfelsaft mit seinem Cousin getrunken? Means who has drunk an apple juice with his cousin yesterday? We are asking about the active part here. So the answer is Karl. Karl is the nominative object or the subject here in the sentence. Then the next case question Wen oder was hat Karl gestern mit seinem Cousin getrunken? Now this is the case question for the accusative case. So the question is who or what but we are asking about the passive part. In English it's again who or what but in German now the question word changes. So who or what did he drink with his cousin? It's about the passive part. We are asking about the object that he drank with his cousin. So trinken, whatever you drink needs to be put in the accusative object. So einen Apfelsaft. The Apfelsaft is here the accusative object. You also recognize it by the word einen. Einen is the indefinite masculine article in the accusative case. So even if you don't apply the case questions for example just by seeing this indefinite article and knowing that it's the masculine definite article in the accusative case this will also help you already. So Apfelsaft is an accusative object. The next one. Mit wem hat Karl gestern einen Apfelsaft getrunken? And it means with whom. With whom did he drink the apple juice? So the preposition mit or it's in English with always goes with the dative. So with whomever he drank the apple juice needs to be put in the dative case. And let's say whatever comes after mit the preposition mit needs to be put in the dative. That's why it's mit seinem Cousin. If you have studied the possessive pronouns for example, you know seinem must be a dative possessive pronoun. It cannot be anything else. Mit seinem Cousin. So the cousin here is the dative object because it's with his cousin. It comes right after the preposition mit. So the next sentence. Alexandra glaubt der Nachbarin kein Wort. Which means Alexandra doesn't believe or believes no word to her neighbor. Kein Wort, the negation because we're negating the word completely. It's not even one word that she believes to the neighbor. So the case question for the nominative case here is Wer oder was glaubt der Nachbarin kein Wort? Who or what doesn't or believes no word to the neighbor, doesn't believe a word to the neighbor. And it's the female neighbor. But here since we use the verb glauben which is a dative verb to whomever you believe needs to be put in the dative. That's why the article die has changed to der here. Okay, but let's have a look at the next question. So wen oder was glaubt Alexandra der Nachbarin? So who or what is she believing the neighbor? It's the passive part. Like the fact that she like the thing that she's believing or not believing. So here it's kein Wort, no word. She doesn't believe no word. Okay, so it's here the accusative object. Das Wort, it's neutral in German. And then the next case question that's the dative case question. Wem glaubt Alexandra kein Wort? Means whom doesn't she believe a word or to whom does she not believe? Glauben is a dative verb. Okay, so whomever you believe needs to be put in the dative case. So here the dative object is der Nachbarin, right? So die Nachbarin, which is actually female, the female neighbor, it changes to der. Right, because it's in the dative case now. Okay, then the next sentence is Ich sehe dich in einem Auto. I see you in a car. Ich sehe dich in einem Auto. So let's break the sentence down. Wer oder was sieht dich in einem Auto? So who or what? Let's say who is seeing you in a car? And we're asking about the active part here. So it is Ich. And Ich is the nominative object or the subject of the sentence. It's the active part. Then the accusative question is Wen oder was sehe ich in einem Auto? So who or what do I see in a car? Now it's about the passive part. Who is being seen? Who is the one who I see? So I see you. And this is dich in German. And it's the accusative object here. Okay, so whoever you see is an accusative object because Sehen is an accusative verb. Then the next sentence Wo sehe ich dich? So where do I see you? And in einem Auto, this is the dative object here, the car, because in belongs to the Wechselpräpositionen. That are the prepositions that work with the accusative and dative just as we had the example with Neben at the beginning of this chapter. So here the question is whether you want to go whether you're asking where do I see you or where to do I see you. Where to would be with a movement. But here I'm just seeing you in a car. So in this case you have to use it in the dative case. In the A2 level you will learn it much more in depth with those Wechselpräpositionen as we call them. Okay, so in einem Auto this is the dative object. Also you see the indefinite article einem, it must be dative because it has an M at the end. So let's have a look at the next example. Now in this sentence we are also going to practice the genitive case. So in the last sentences or in the first sentences until now we practiced the nominative, accusative and dative. I hope now it's a little bit more clear how to distinguish the accusative and dative. Now we are going to to add the genitive case. Okay, so now let's start. The sentence here is Ich glaube dem Bruder meines Opas. Okay, so you see the S here at the end and here also another S. So it is already visible that we are talking about the genitive here, that we are using the genitive. Okay, so hier Ich glaube dem Bruder meines Opas it means I believe my grandfather's brother. Okay, so we have in German we say the brother of my grandfather. Let's say this is how we put the genitive or how we use the genitive in German. So here the first case question is Wer oder was glaubt dem Bruder meines Opas? Right, who or what is believing my grandfather's brother? So this is about the active part, the subject here. Okay, so the answer to this question is Ich. So Ich, here I am the nominative case or let's call it also the subject. Okay, the answer is Ich. So Ich, this is the nominative object. The next question is Wem oder was glaube ich? Whom do I believe? We have to ask Wem because we use the word Glauben. Glauben is a dative word to whomever we believe. Right, the answer to that is always the dative object. So Wem oder was glaube ich? The answer is dem Bruder. Right, this is the brother, I am believing the brother. So hier dem Bruder is the dative case or the dative object because you can also see it directly because we have the article dem. Dem just exists in the dative case. Okay, this is also a big help for you of course if you know the articles in each grammatical case. In the nominative accusative they are very similar because just the masculine one changes. Die und das stay the same. Now in the dative if you see dem with the m at the end and also for the indefinite articles like einem for example then you also see or will know that it must be the dative because it just exists in the dative case. We don't have this m at the end in the nominative and neither do we have it in the genitive case. Okay, so the next case question is Wessen Bruder glaube ich? So whose brother do I believe? Now this is the genitive question. Wessen means whose. Whose brother do I believe? And the answer is meines Opas. So it's my grandfather's, right? My grandfather's brother. So meines Opas here, this is the genitive object, meines Opas. So I hope you remember for all masculine and neutral nouns we have to either add an es or an s at the end at the end of the noun. Ich glaube dem Bruder meines Opas. Usually, I hope you remember that we learned that if there are nouns that just have one syllable we have to add an es. But it does not count for nouns that have an a at the end because otherwise it would be opais and that would be a little bit difficult to pronounce. So we just say opas. In this case, it ends with an a, one syllable, so we just add an s at the end. Okay, so here we have three grammatical cases. Nominative, dative, and the genitive case in this sentence. Okay, let's move to the next sentence. So here, Du kennst den Mann deiner Lehrerin. That means you know your female teacher's husband, right? Because Lehrerin with the in at the end it shows that it must be a woman, a female teacher. So here we have the word kennen. Kennen should be for you by now a signal word so you recognize that it is an accusative verb. So whomever we know, there's always the accusative object in the sentence. So here, the first case question is the nominative case question. So it's Wer kennt den Mann deiner Lehrerin? Who or what knows your female teacher's husband? Also, Wer kennt den Mann deiner Lehrerin? The answer is du. So du here is the nominative object. Du, the subject in the sentence. Then, we have Wen kennst du? Who do you know? Now we are asking about the passive part here in the sentence. Not to confuse with the passive in the grammar. It's not like who is being photographed or what is being eaten. It's not about this passive now, right? It's just about who is the doer in the sentence and like here, who does this person know? So it's the passive part here. So the answer is den Mann. Who do you know? Wen kennst du? And then, den Mann. So this is the accusative object here. Du kennst den Mann deiner Lehrerin. Then, the next case question is Wessen Mann kennst du? So this is the genitive question here for the genitive case. Whose husband do you know? Wessen Mann kennst du? The answer is deiner Lehrerin. Den Mann deiner Lehrerin. So it's your female teachers. Deiner Lehrerin. Here is the genitive object. Deiner Lehrerin. For the female nouns in the genitive case, we do not add an S or ES at the end. It does not count for female or plural nouns in the genitive. Just for neutral and masculine. So here you have this example, this sentence here. Let's break down the next sentence. So here we have Er versteht den Dialekt dieses Gastes nicht. It means he doesn't understand this guest's dialect. Okay? So the first question is Wer versteht den Dialekt nicht? Who doesn't understand the dialect? Er. So Er is the nominative object here. Who doesn't understand? Who is it about here? Er versteht nicht. Okay? So he is the nominative object of the subject. Then, we have Wer, wen oder was versteht er nicht? What does he not understand? Who or what does he not understand? So here we use the verb verstehen. Verstehen is an accusative verb. Whoever we understand or don't understand as it is in this case, is always the accusative object. Okay? So, we do not understand the dialect. Right? Wen oder was versteht er nicht? Er versteht den Dialekt nicht. He doesn't understand the dialect. So the dialect here is the accusative object in the sentence. And then we have the genitive question. Wessen Dialekt versteht er nicht? Whose dialect does he not understand? Wessen. So you're asking about, let's say, the possession or who owns it. Right? Who owns the dialect is the guest. So the answer here to this question is des Gastes. So, des Gastes or the guest here is the genitive object. And des Gastes or dieses Gastes would be with the demonstrative pronoun. This is with the definite article. Des Gastes. Der Gast is the guest. It just has one syllable. Der Gast. So we add an es at the end. Okay? Des Gastes. Now in the genitive we have to add the es. Okay? So here, just to remember, wessen means whose and we are asking about the possession. Who owns the dialect? Whose dialect is it? Right? The guest dialect. So now let's move to the last sentence. And here we have Bezüglich dieser Information muss er den Direktor in dieser Schule fragen. So in this sentence we have all four grammatical cases. Okay? This is not very uncommon. This can happen. It could be even, let's say, two accusative or two dative objects plus the genitive and the nominative, for example. Okay? In this sentence we have all four grammatical cases. Now this means, the sentence here means relating to this information he must or he has to ask the director in this school. Okay? Bezüglich here means relating to. So let's start with the first case questions for the nominative case. Wer muss fragen? Or Wer oder was muss fragen? Who has to ask? Now, er, right? He must ask. He is the active part. He is the one who needs to ask. So he is the active part or also the nominative object, let's say, or the subject as we also say it grammar-wise. Okay? Then, the next question is Bezüglich was muss er fragen? Now, I hope you remember that bezüglich is a genitive preposition. Whenever we use bezüglich we know, okay, now I need to use the genitive case. And whatever comes right after this preposition needs to be put in the genitive case then. Okay? So here the case question is Bezüglich was muss er fragen? Relating to what does he have to ask? Bezüglich was muss er fragen? And then the answer is Bezüglich dieser Info or this is just a short form for Information. Okay? So we often also say Info in German. Bezüglich dieser Info it's female die Information because it has the ending "-tion". This is the female ending in the German grammar. So die Information. So here we have to say dieser. Okay? Dieser in the nominative case is actually the masculine demonstrative pronoun. But now, since we're using the genitive it's the female form. Okay? So bezüglich dieser Info. So bezüglich so here dieser Info or dieser Information in the sentence is the genitive object. Okay? Because it also comes right after this preposition. The next case question is Wen muss er fragen? So here we're asking who does he have to ask? Jemanden fragen the verb fragen or to ask is an accusative verb. Whomever we are asking needs to be put in the accusative case. So Wen muss er fragen? Who does he have to ask? It's the passive part here. It's who is being asked let's say or who he needs to ask. And the answer is den Direkten. He has to or he must ask the Director. So the Director here is the accusative or it's like the Director at the school. It's the accusative object here den Direkten. Then the last case question here ist Wo muss er den Direkten fragen? Right? Because we have the preposition in. Now you know okay that must be either accusative or dative because the preposition in is a two-way preposition or Wechselpreposition as we say. As you see also here in is a Wechsel eine Wechselpreposition. So Wo muss er den Direkten fragen? And the answer is I hope you can see that let me zoom it in the answer is in dieser Schule. In dieser Schule that's the dative object here or die Schule dieser Schule the school is the dative object. Now we have to use the in in the dative case because now he is not moving he is not going to the school. Right? The sentence here is I'll just zoom it out Er muss den muss er den Direktor in dieser Schule fragen. We are not saying he has to go to the school. Right? The director is in the school already. Okay? So the question is Wo Wo muss er den Direktor fragen? Where does he have to ask him? In the school. That's why since we are not going to the school we are not asking wohin or where to in this case so here we have to use the dative if there is no movement to the school. Okay? So we have to use the dative case and that's why Schule is die Schule it's female in German the school Schule is female so here in dieser Schule Okay? That's why that's the female demonstrative pronoun and the dative case in dieser Schule Okay? So that was the chapter about the nominative accusative dative and genitive of course we could go on with dozens of more sentences and breaking them down. Now I'll show you how to do this in this chapter. Please have a look if it's still not quite clear please have a look at this chapter again and also on the previous chapters just to make sure that you really understand how that works and how to distinguish those grammatical cases. Of course you can take any sentence maybe from the newspapers depending on your level of German you can take a book newspapers whatever you see websites and try to break down sentences yourself to practice practice and practice until you really understand how to distinguish those grammatical cases from each other. Okay? This is a great exercise to do in order to really train that and really understand how to distinguish those grammatical cases from each other. Okay? So just to sum it up you know the prepositions for the grammatical cases the accusative dative and the genitive prepositions also the two-way prepositions for the accusative and dative you have to study those. Okay? You have the verbs please study the verbs like verbs like verstehen to understand for example you know immediately okay I have to use the accusative for example. Okay? And then you also have the case questions which will also help you to distinguish the different grammatical cases from each other. Okay? So I hope this course helped you to understand the grammatical cases much more or to understand them in general and of course it takes some time to be able to be super great and in this grammatical subject here but it takes some time but of course you will be able to learn that just have some patience and you have to practice that and then you will you will really be able to distinguish those grammatical cases from each other. Okay? I wish you a lot of fun and thanks for participating in this course and I hope or wish you lots of success with the German language learning. Okay. Tschüss!