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Former world champion José Raúl Capablanca was different. He didn't spend his day calculating impressive variations, instead he only thought about one move. He tried to make that move the best one every time. In this video we are going to look at one of the most iconic examples of what I'm talking about and we're going to see it through one of the strongest duels of the 20th century which is José Raúl Capablanca with the white pieces and Frank Marshall with the black pieces. The game started with e4 e5 knight f3 attacking this pawn and knight c6 defending it and bishop b5 the Ruy López opening. Well what do we see in here? One of the most fashionable openings at that time. This game was played in New York in 1909 and either the Ruy López or the Queen's Gambit was played. Those are really the two openings that were played the most. Right now two defenses are which are the Morphy defense with a6 or even the Berlin with knight f6 right? Back then the quieter defense with d6 was also used which is a bit suspicious nowadays and I'm gonna explain why. After castling black plays a6 and it might seem like all of this is really the same thing because in the Morphy defense or the Berlin defense you usually end up playing this d6 anyway. The only difference is that it isn't done so early and now look at what José Raúl Capablanca can do and he understands it wonderfully. Instead of retreating his bishop he makes the capture of the kni of the knight. Bishop takes knight and black recaptures on c6. What is happening here? Very interesting. The big difference between this and the Ruy López exchange variation which I'm going to show you right now so you can understand perfectly what I'm explaining to you. The Ruy López exchange would be this right here a6 and now the bishop is exchanged. The thing is now black can choose which pawn to recapture with. Do you see the difference? Normally you recapture with the d pawn since it's the good move for two reasons. You play this to have only two pawn islands one here and one here. Do you see? Only two pawn islands and besides against the move knight takes e5 you can recover the pawn quickly with the move queen to d4. What is the big difference between this Ruy López exchange and this d6? That now after this di6 and a6 in the recapture you can't choose which pawn to recapture with. You must recapture with the d pawn and now you can see that the black player Frank Marshall is left with this solitary pawn on the a file and also a slightly dubious structure in the center of the board. Therefore this was perfectly understood by Capablanca who mind you without complicating his life has found the best moves and all he has done is develop the knight the bishop and castle and the only thing he has done is capture this knight. Do you understand this? Now many moves could be played for example knight to c3 d3 or even the more aggressive one Capablanca played d4. He was always trying to do something. Instead of playing quiet moves I'm going to try to make the best move that also puts the opponent in a tight spot whenever possible. Therefore this d4 is making a positional threat that is really threatening to win the game. For example if black ignores everything here and plays for example knight to f6 this threat of pawn takes pawn and pawn takes pawn would leave black's pieces with a game that's already completely lost. Not only because this pawn here is being captured which is also true but because this pawn structure with these two doubled pawns on c and completely isolated along with the three pawn islands that have been left in this position would give the black pieces practically no chance of winning. It would be extremely easy to win this end game. Therefore here let's set this back to how it was. The d4 threat is really powerful. Notice that it was a simple move but it always found the best one forcing Marshall to capture this pawn. Therefore logically he is not going to let himself be captured. Marshall was also one of the best players of that era. Knight takes d4 bishop d7 and now what a wonderful move. There are many here ah there are many contenders right? Knight c3 maybe bishop e3 maybe bishop f4 rook one but why is rook one the best by far? Well the idea is that whenever you have several moves you can think which one am I definitely going to make no matter what? The rook one. We already know that this rook always ends up on e1 to try to make this advance some kind of breakthrough to defend the d4 point. It's multifunctional right? Maybe at some point leaving the space for the knight is multifunctional. The idea is that here with this rook one we are going to wait to see what the opponent does so we can develop our pieces where we want. For example this bishop can come out here here here or here if the knight is on f6 to pin it right? The knight can come out to c3 but first you can also play c4 if you want to enter into this marachi style structure and control the center a little better. Therefore rook to one is the only move that allows for flexibility and depending on what the opponent does you can do one thing or another. Actually here ah the black player Frank Marshall plays this c5. Understand one thing whenever a pawn is moved weaknesses are created always. It is true that now they're threatening this knight very well which has to retreat but a hole is left on the d5 square that should be taken advantage of. This hole is really going to be very difficult to fill and now you will understand why. Bishop e7 knight c3 because the idea is to come and jump to d5 taking advantage of this outpost that was created after the weakness of the c5 advance. And here the black player Frank Marshall plays c6 and you'll tell me here many of you will say let's see chess teacher weren't you telling me and that it was practically impossible to save this weakness and now with this move c6 it's all been saved. Yes but remember one thing every pawn move creates a weakness at least. What weakness has it created? The six square. Do you see it? It has stopped defending it and now the six square is really weak. It'll never be able to be defended by pawns again unless it is advanced and if you look closely there are practically no pieces that can come to defend it except for the queen. Therefore here he understood this very well. Ah march ah capablanca and let's see if you can find the simple developing move that gets the black player into trouble. It is the following bishop f4. Really as you can see white's play is being perfect. Both knights in the center the rook on e1 already well castled now the bishop on f4 applying pressure while black's play seems strange and we are talking about one of the best players in the world. If he manages to do this against one of the best players in the world imagine what he'd do to us right? We have to try to do the same right? Keep it simple. Look for moves that develop and weaken at the same time. Force our opponent to move pawns when they shouldn't right? Now look ah at the pressure we're putting on this point. It must be defended for example with queen after the move bishop e6. Now then what's left for us to do in the position? Develop the queen and bring the rook to the center. All right let's go let's develop the queen. Should we develop it to d2 or d3? Well d3 is better because that way if the bishop is on black squares we place the queen on white squares and control all the squares on the board. Knight f6 rook a to d1 and not only have we completed a super harmonious and super correct development right? Do you see how this game is completely simple to understand so far? Simply put the best pieces are being developed in the best way. Bringing the rooks to the center and besides what is he doing? Pressuring the weak point on d6 again. How wonderful right? How is this point defended? There's no way anymore. It's a sad necessity to have to play d5. There's no other choice. By moving pawns weaknesses are created again. You see it right? How interesting. Could we capture it to open up the position? Yes that would be a very good idea. I won't deny it. We could surely advance as well but the best thing we can do is the next move that ah Capablanca made which is spectacular. He asked himself what the piece that is holding this whole position together is and he realized it was the bishop on e6. Therefore he improved his knight and came to attack the bishop on e6. The idea is that now we must think about the following. They can capture us. They can advance. Therefore before playing this knight uh g5 we must think if either of the two moves bothers us right? Because if not we have to do something quickly. Does it bother us if they capture? Let's see it practically doesn't bother us at all. Why? Because if if we make this move and they capture we could simply recapture or not. For example we could play queen e3 hitting these weaknesses. Hitting this pawn will be recovered will also capture the bishop and really this position is super super good. But what if they advance? Right you should know a little trick that I'm going to explain to you which we learned from the book My System by Nemtsovich which talked about pawn structures. The idea is that when you find doubled pawns, I'll explain it to you here, you should try to make the pawn in this type of structure advance right? The pawn that is isolated to leave the doubled pawns behind. Therefore after this move there really isn't anything better than advancing and this is what happened in the game and in fact it was achieved. The two doubled pawns are left behind therefore these two pawns are treated as isolated and doubled pawns. You understand this? If we manage to get their side partner to advance the structure is always created with doubled pawns because the one on one side is always there and the other one upon doubling is placed in front right? We must try to get the one that is isolated to advance therefore these two pawns are completely isolated. Is that understood? After knight takes bishop and pawn takes he moved his knight to a4. Simply put he is looking for the best square for the knight and a4 seems like a very good square because it puts pressure on the weakness at c5. After the move queen to a5 we must think again about what is happening here. They are threatening our knight and they are defending this point. As always we are going to try to keep it simple and think of a move that suits us. Actually in the opening many of you are surely very well prepared but when everything gets really messy that's where you start to fail. This is the most normal thing in the world because the game gets complicated. Let's try to keep it simple. There are many good moves here but this capablanca plan is very simple. b3. What a great idea. You know what the idea is? It's as simple as this. I'm going to move this knight on the side to b2 and then I'm going to make it jump to the c4 square where it will be extremely well placed, well defended by the pawn in front of the doubled pawns, therefore creating a spectacular blockade no one can trade it off. It supports the e4 point, attacks the queen, right? And also this pawn on b3 is creating a blocking structure against the semi-open file for the opponent's rook. And now a strategic plan could be, for example, who can come and trade off this amazing knight we have on the c4 outpost? The light squared bishop doesn't exist so the only ones who could do it would be the opponent's knight, right? Therefore a very good strategic plan would be to trade our bishop for this knight and no one, no one, no one in the game, absolutely no one will be able to kick this knight out of c4. Did you understand the whole plan behind this b3? Impressive, right? Simple but hyper effective. If you understand chess well your level is going to completely skyrocket. The game continues with rook d8 placing itself on the queen's file and there goes knight to b2. Surely many of you are wondering, isn't he hanging a pawn here? No, huge mistake. After the move knight to c4 all possible queen escapes would be covered and that queen would be completely trapped after the move rook to a1 and wouldn't be able to escape. Therefore here after this knight to b2 obviously you can't capture this a2 pawn which is a trap. Knight to h5 threatening the bishop. Logically we want to retreat it and the idea would be where we can retreat it to. For example to e5, right? A very good move that puts pressure on this point. The knight can't move because this g7 point would fall. This bishop can't be attacked If our opponent now decides for example to come and trade it we would simply continue with knight to c4. It defends itself by the bishop coming. If they capture us we will capture. We will touch around here. We can always return with a knight to c4. This really wouldn't be a problem. Therefore the black player here makes the move castling before it's too late. Imagine how much pressure Marshall was applying that he hadn't even let the black player castle yet. Knight to c4 attacking the queen and the queen retreats to the b4 square. There really aren't any better squares because look it can't go here. Not here either. It can't come to capture. There really isn't a good square for this queen that lands on b4. And now what? Well now okay we have the pieces well developed. Nothing is threatening us. We have many weaknesses. Let's try to take advantage of them. Let's see if you can find a move to really take advantage of the weaknesses. Whenever I ask you these kinds of questions you can pause the video to try and find it for yourselves. The move is the following. Queen to h3. A wonderful move. It takes advantage of the weakness of the knight on h5 which isn't doing absolutely anything and on top of that is exposed. And above all it also looks at this point on c6 which is completely exposed. There is no way to defend the knight in the pawn. The only one would be this one here. Logically after bishop takes knight, rook takes, we would capture here with check and the game would surely be over. Not only because we have an extra pawn but because of our initiative. Also we would also be eliminating the black knight. Hmm therefore this knight would be totally unstoppable right? Therefore here there really isn't, sorry this is here, there's no other choice but to for example defend this knight right? That said after this defense the queen captures on e3 with check. The rook has to self-pin since the king can't escape thanks to this bishop. You see how well placed this bishop is? Rook f7. And now what? Well here there are really many movings. We can start winning material around here but the move g4 is an absolute marvel. This knight cannot be saved. Many of you will tell me how come not? The knight for example could be placed here. If it's placed here it would be lost because the rook is pinned and couldn't recapture. But let's see couldn't it be placed on g7? Well no because simply what we would have to do is eliminate it. It would have to be captured with the king and now well many possible moves would come but above all knight e5 would force the rook to stop defending the bishop and we would also win material. Therefore this knight can't go anywhere. If it comes to f6 exactly the same thing would happen. If it comes to f6 the only thing that would happen is that we would first have to either capture it or we can make a move like bishop f7 continuing to pressure here or simpler the plan of capturing and entering with the knight which is the same as before. Therefore here when you see that you are lost as in this case the player with the black pieces marshal you must look for counterplay. Look at what a clever move bishop h4. What a clever move. Why? Because now he's creating counterplay on this point. Although it's not the best move in the position it's putting capablanca in trouble. Therefore here what do we have to do? Well capablanca calculated very well. He simply takes the knight because when he captures here I go with the king and here absolutely nothing has happened and many of you here will say ah well but now we can simply capture your rook. If he captures the rook we will capture here and this game will end immediately. Look bishop takes rook pawn takes pawn queen takes the king would have to scramble away and there really wouldn't be any places to escape to right? You can check it for yourselves. Therefore here very ingeniously marshal played the queen c3 variation. Quite an interesting move. Why? Because it threatens queen f3 mate. Therefore you have to be careful. How would you defend against this mate? Stop and think for a moment. Very good. Careful to those of you who said rook d3 because then the mate would come right here. Look at what the move is like. Rook e3. A brilliant move. Excellent. One of the prettiest I've seen sacrificing the rook and it can be captured by three pieces bishop pawn and queen. Let me explain. If it's captured with the pawn rook takes rook would follow and they would end in mate. In fact this would be made directly because the rook is pinned. It can't be captured with the pawn. It cannot be captured with the queen because we would simply win the queen. My goodness this would be terrible for white. What happens if it's captured with the bishop? Well if it's captured with the what happens is that now we could simply continue our attack because the queen wouldn't be able to get through anymore since it's completely blocked and this would end up being checkmate for us. So the rook cannot be captured by any piece. What does marshal do? Well he's very ingenious again and plays queen takes c2 threatening to come in through here again and end in checkmate. But now very astutely capablanca simply thinks well I'll connect my two rooks move my rook out of danger and now yes there's no way to stop this. The queen can come over here but there are no more checks of any kind. The knight comes in to collect this material. The rook can no longer escape from here. Therefore we are forcing the exchange of the exchange and after bishop takes the bishop comes over here. Really we have to be very careful very careful now because they are threatening checkmate again. You can really see that marshal was creating a lot a lot of counterplay. That's what you have to do when the game seems lost. But here capablanca did his thing again. Queen to c8 checkmate and when the king escaped the deadly sting h6 ends up winning the game. Let me explain. If the king comes here this is mate and if the king captures this pawn you simply capture the and the queen defends against the checkmate. Therefore after this wonderful move h6 marshal resigned the game. What did you think? Impressive or not? Well you know that those of you who stay until the end usually get some kind of gift or some kind of information. 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