Lou Foxwell, known as Father Fish, is a pioneer of natural aquarium keeping and the creator of the Father Fish Method.
His approach to planted aquariums focuses on building balanced, self-sustaining ecosystems using soil substrates, natural processes, and minimal maintenance. The Father Fish Method draws inspiration from the Walstad Method and the natural aquarium philosophy of Takashi Amano.
Before entering the aquarium industry, Lou spent 25 years as a missionary, serving a congregation of deaf worshipers. He later opened a tropical fish store, where he adopted the role of Father Fish.
His passion for fishkeeping began in childhood, inspired by his grandmother from Berlin, Germany. He went on to become a founder and original board member of the National Aquarium, where he helped shape its early development and leadership.
With decades of experience across the fishkeeping world, Father Fish shares practical knowledge on planted aquariums, dirt substrate systems, and natural ecosystem balance. He also provides plants, soil supplements, and tools to help hobbyists create thriving aquariums with less effort and fewer water changes.
All clips and images are used for illustration purposes only. Learn how the natural aquarium approach changed the hobby forever. This video explores the foundational book behind the method.
Good
morning,
good
morning.
How's
everybody
this
morning?
That
remix
is
from
five
years
ago.
That was done by Aquatic Conquest,
who disappeared off our radar five years ago,
and we've not been able to track him down since.
He was an immense part of our daily lives
when we began them, again, five years ago.
He was doing just so much that was so wonderful.
And then things hit the wall
in November during the elections,
and he was from England, London, I believe,
but was so distraught by the results
that I think he wound up getting himself kicked off YouTube,
and apparently never came back, at least not under that name.
Now, he had a business.
He was enamored of us
and became very much a big part of us,
but then just completely disappeared.
I don't know what happened to him.
Lee looked for him in England.
We had some other folks in England looking for him.
We were never able to locate him to find out what happened
and to invite him to come back and join us.
We discontinued the daily lives soon thereafter.
It kind of took the heart out of it
because he had become such an important part of what we were doing.
So it's a tribute to him.
I assume it's a guy.
I don't know.
I never talked to him.
We communicated by email and just in the chat.
But he developed these wonderful,
wonderful mixes that were just terrific.
And he put a lot of effort into having people send him clips
and then putting those clips together.
That really formed the foundation of what we began doing
in our Fatherhood Soul in the Discord server.
which makes it possible for folks
who join to be able to have their own channel with their own videos.
So his heritage continues and continues to this day.
I'm very thankful to Naresh for finding
that and updating it so that we can use it here.
Let's see.
Let me get over.
it's easier to read the comments as i'm in youtube
so let me do that christian daniel
daniel and another fish thank you daniel
christian good morning jay peplum creek
foxy's fishes uh fish and tactics lee still has
some pop-ups uh yeah i think the piece we did
yesterday was no that was his today wasn't it
that was his uh good morning oh well thank you
rush debush be doing good doing good christian
rush me christian poxy pox christian tactics
brenda brenda
is here christian poxy christian brenda
rebecca hello rebecca let's see rush
new buzzfeed i did give
him a wrench just now i
believe i did jay hello
jay all right jay was
first into then all righty let me
get back where i can see myself
if i see myself i'm more easily
able to talk to myself it just as opposed to a blind screen
or words on a screen it's very strange
uh who is this oh foxy enjoyed dina
and brenda's live stream last night i knew you would i knew
you would it's so similar to to to your live stream just very chatty
and very friendly and
personal and that they go on for hours
though my word just they just they they're in it's like a
competition a marathon they do marathon live streaming there
was a number of years ago there
were some folks who were doing like 12-hour live stream
that's going on forever we thought about
doing something similar to that with live tanks
but have never really been able to get it together
It means having a dedicated server, a dedicated computer, really.
Or maybe we might be able to do it with a phone.
I don't know about that.
Might be able to.
If it's not, I'm getting an old phone that's out of service.
If it's out of service, I guess you can't do it.
But I wonder if you could plug it in to a processor.
I don't know.
I'll have to look into that one.
That's interesting.
Let's see. Rebecca says, thank you.
The 29-gallon went up September 25th last year.
Oh, okay. With the father fish substrate and a rock.
It's come a long way for its very first anniversary.
Yes, it has.
i was very impressed with your tanks rebecca
for in one year they're showing really wonderful grow
you you certainly do have you do have the touch
not everybody can do that and i think in large
measure it's because most people want to mess around with it too much
and if you just leave
it alone we had a good example here in this let me see
if i can do this i'm probably going to
screw up again i usually do this has
a maneuver right there it's
been sitting in there for six
months and you can see it has attached to the rock
and you can't tell but it has been growing
There's also, you know, that's, I don't know, something along
the side of it, so the point is, nobody did anything to that.
I mean, nobody did anything to that.
It sat there for six months without any,
without being touched, and that's probably all it took.
Plants are that way. Here's some sub-spots of plants.
We've got a plant with sub-spots which I'm in here.
This is, we've got some pistos and scarlet banners.
There's a scarlet banner that we're trying
to get a food web going in here.
I mentioned before that we really have not done food webs because it's
difficult to do them in tanks where you're catching fish all the time.
We do have some tanks where we can
do it. This is going to be one of them.
We have it sitting in a jar over there.
This is our ram tank
and other specials.
I can't reach this line right now, but I'll try to do that
so we can get to the 25-year-old 55 cat,
be able to show that all.
All right, and we're there.
We're a little low.
We'll come up a bit.
I bow graciously
with your words at my heart.
Yeah, the vadas are wonderful.
I think I'm down to a pair,
but we did spot what looked like a baby yesterday,
so we may have some fry in there that would
be nice i've been trying to breed them forever i
think i'm also going to get some more of the clown killings
and put them in that tank i think they'll
do well in there the critical thing is just
to keep up with feeding is that italian fail uh yes
it is there's corkscrew and italian in there uh
and i think the italian right it's not jungle it's
italian good eye fox
and good eye see uh who says
anita get over on youtube
where i can read things
better i was wasn't able to get on the live
yesterday but i watched the replay i heard you
say you're getting a shipment from singapore
that's where i'm from originally oh my yeah i
did receive a very nice shipment from singapore about two months ago
and we were we still have
a few fish from that the apistos i don't remember uh
but we still have some fish left from that
shipment it was quite a nice shipment we did
a shipment from columbia about a month ago
And it wasn't a complete disaster,
but it was certainly a mess.
Just one thing after another, you went wrong with it.
The first thing was,
I did not realize that everything was going to be wild caught, because
I'd never dealt with a wild caught supplier before this.
But it was a pretty large shipment, and everything was wild-caught.
Now, there's a fascination with that,
but from a shipper's standpoint or a retailer's standpoint,
a reseller's standpoint, there are some problems.
The primary one of which is that anything,
excuse me, let me get over this.
I went out and had breakfast this morning,
and I don't think I had it all down there.
The problem with wild caught anything
is acclimating it to tank life,
and there are always losses.
The losses usually run, in the best
of circumstances, the losses are about 25%.
And that's about what we lost, about 25%.
There were a couple of things, everything in the bag was gone.
And in one or two cases,
it was really unfortunate because it was some very nice animals that
would have been that we would have been delighted
to have the other issue was i got kind of greedy
and i over ordered something normally you can order
in a full bag half bag or quarter bag
and there were some things i was so excited about i ordered them
in full bags not realizing that was
going to be a full box
so i wound up with an order that i thought was going to be reasonable
I estimated my shipping at double the cost
of the purchases and sent the order in.
I got the bill back after they
were delivered,
and the shipping was triple, no,
it was, yeah, it was triple.
It was triple the cost of the fish, and it about fell
on the floor when I saw that because I was expecting $1,000
for shipping, and it was $3,000 for shipping.
So I learned a lesson.
I learned an important lesson to order in moderate amounts,
or order fewer things in larger quantity
if it's something I really want a larger quantity of.
I was just kind of being gluttonous, that's the word.
I was being a glutton, and I was a glutton for punishment.
Karuna Koresh.
Karuna is Naresh.
Karuna is from Sri Lanka,
and in Sri Lanka,
the family name is
in front of the personal name.
So Naresh is of the family Karuna Karan,
and his name is Naresh.
Very confusing.
I've always known him as Naresh, and I've met his family.
We've communicated on
Discord video any number of times,
so I've had a chance to meet his family. Lovely parents,
and he's quite an amazing young man.
He's in college, working on a college degree.
um a little story about Naresh
that you'll appreciate I think how old are you Naresh I
think he's 25 he started out with us at about 19
and produced a video the first I really paid
attention to him he sent me a gift
which was a video of our old shop we'll need to play it
sometime uh it has licensed music on it
so we can't play it without losing uh whatever earnings
we have on that video but it's a great video
and he did such a mind-boggling job of pulling links
and pulling little little b-roll from a hundred different videos
in order to make this absolutely
wonderful video of our florida shop
and it really is amazing well once that happened he was my
friend for life uh and he began doing some things for us
and i began sending him a little bit of
money so he could buy some nice clothes
and maybe get a little gift for himself for the family
nothing big nothing significant just small amounts
of money roughly once a month after about a year
he said would you like me to show you what i've done
with the money you've sent sure what have
you got he walked into what had been a garage shed kind
of building building at the front of
his family's property he had rebuilt it into a retail
business store he started out by selling
computer services uh like email services
or um i don't know that sort
of thing uh some supplies
school supplies he had initially well that's been nearly five years
and that store has grown to the
point where it has become a mainstay in his community
in the meantime he's gone to college
full time and he's here puttering around
with us just doing stuff every day every day
absolute joy absolute joy yeah i know i
am dark and quiet hello hello
so naresh is a very very
special friend let's see uh blind bike trail says i
was going to visit you over the weekend
but couldn't make it
so ordered online now you can do pickup um if you can get down here
you can order online and then come pick up if you want
to do that contact brenda you can do that on
discord or you should be able to find the number
or email you can email fatherfish aquariums
at gmail.com uh and ask us to hold that uh
for pickup happy to do it unless you really want it
shipped if you do we'll ship it uh you presumably have paid
the shipping if you pick it up you'll
get the refund you'll get the shipping refunded
or we can convert it to a credit cinnamon is here
hello cinnamon else
we have here oh boy
father fish aquarium
on tiktok yes we now finally are
on tiktok and they're hopeful that's going
to have good results stationery and printing shop
wonderful rebecca i want
to get into college googled it
and father peter's about 22 hours
from my location totally planning out
a little road trip to go see the store yeah i i we had
i think i've mentioned before we had a woman
and i'm sorry i don't remember her her name
She and a friend drove here from Louisiana to visit
the shop, spent about an hour and drove back home.
It was, of course,
a delight and a real honor and privilege seeing them and quite humbling
to have someone drive that long a drive just to visit.
So we have had some folks, we frequently have people drive in from
D.C. or down from northern Jersey or even New York to come visit.
Two, three-hour drive, sometimes a four-hour drive one way.
So it is our privilege to do so.
We got a new piece of equipment
that prints photographs right away.
We take a picture on our phone, or I think it's on our phone,
and it prints out a four-by-six.
So we're going to be doing that at Aquashella,
but we'll be doing it here as well
so that people can go home not only with a picture on their phone,
but with something they can paste on the refrigerator door as well.
Let's see.
michael noel the noels i happen
to know a little bit about
the family they settled in southern
maryland below annapolis
in the late 17 early 1800s now
there may have been others that came
into other parts of the country
but there was a clan that settled there um that has roots now
still in southern, I guess it's southern Anne Arundel County.
I'm not sure.
It's below Annapolis, so it's considered southern Maryland.
It might be St. Mary's County or Calvert County.
I'm just not sure.
But I'm wondering if you're part of that clan, Michael.
He is saying on Google now,
you can ask AI to compare Father Ridge style
to others and ask what's
the best for low cost
low maintenance and longevity
Polyfistallis clearly
the best
well there's nobody else doing it
no one else doing
an augmented supplement
the only
stuff is the
commercial product that
is really not
well it's not a dirted
substrate I guess
that's the main thing
It's it's a composite, a composite clay material
that is infused with some fertilizers.
Excuse me.
I didn't need to do that on camera, did I?
I didn't have myself on camera
at the time where I would have had better sense.
My apologies. Yeah, we're really the only thing.
Family goes back to the 17th, 1776.
Well, that's the right time frame.
Where, do you know where the family initially settled here
in the States or in the colonies in this case?
My family settled, they were settlers.
They weren't colonists.
My family came over to the Richmond colony in the 1650s.
Actually, both sides of my family,
my mother and my father's families both.
uh of the earliest um people in this on
this continent were two young men teenagers
who came over uh independently
of family or anyone else came into the Richmond Colony
and then they used to what they they used
to take little punji boats um uh small sailboats
up the bay from Richmond
and stop off at various places
and look at the land
and people would come
who were looking to settle
and they would find a piece of land they liked
and jump off the boat with their stuff
and they would be there.
That would be it.
presumably they did that
fairly early in the season.
I got a client who just
is falling in love with me
and it's going to cost him his life.
Because I don't tolerate flies landing all over me.
It makes me feel like I'm missing one second too late.
It just bugs me.
I don't like bugs crawling on me.
I love bugs.
I just don't like them crawling.
New England.
Oh, okay.
There was also a clan that settled in there.
I don't think that happened with my family.
I think the Foxwells, at least, only settled there.
I don't know that any others came over.
Now, there may have, and I may simply not know about them.
My mother was a Parks, P-A-R-K-S.
That clan is still here on the shore.
Both of them settled here on the shore,
not 50 miles from where I am right now.
So it's coming back to this part of the world,
this part of the country, this part of the state,
coming back to the shore, the eastern shore of Maryland,
is really coming back to my roots in a very profound way.
because my family
is here now six nearly three no more than
353 almost 400 years almost it was 1650
1660 and we're 400
and roughly 75 years after that nearly
that's not right is it 400 that's not right
no 426 uh wait 6 375 375 16
to 29 yeah three
about three roughly
370 i guess anyway
long time best
fish for a high pH and a one foot cube tank i'll
tell you imx there's not much that would be
appropriate size for that tank that you could not
put in a high pH tank high pH is extremely desirable
um 8 to 8.2 you get much above that you're starting
to get into soap territory so that becomes somewhat
problematic but anything anything hovering around 8.0
is not too high for the average tropical fish
keep in mind most of these fish are bred
in on farms that have dirt ponds and there's those
dirt ponds leach minerals so the water in them
is hard it's not acidic it is hard water most
standing water is hard water
and so they're being they're being being born and growing out
in hard water they may be historically uh
in their heritage a soft water acid fish
But once they're brought onto a farm,
farms don't maintain soft-acid water.
None of them do.
Anywhere in the world, they maintain hard alkaline water.
Now, when they're bringing brand new fish in from the wild,
they may accommodate them
in softer, more acidic water in order to be able to keep them healthy.
But they will acclimate them.
And that acclimation may take up to a year.
It's a slow process.
While I'm on the subject,
the whole issue of acclimation is something that,
while it's promoted, it's not understood.
And it's generally, I can't say it's undesirable,
but it certainly is unnecessary.
the fish that are coming
in do not need to readjust
to your water so long as your water
is alkaline if your water is acidic
then you already know you have a problem and frankly the
best way to deal with that problem is put some baking soda in there
and get the pH up so you
won't be stressing out your fish all the time.
There are fish that love acid water. If they're
in the hobby and are domestically raised,
they also love hard alkaline water. I give you the
discus, the most commonly
misunderstood fish in the hobby.
There are still plenty of discus breeders
and discus importers who put the fish
in soft acid water straight off a farm, straight out of a
breeding operation.
Now, wild caught discus, that's a completely different issue. They are
coming out of salt acid water.
But the fish that are bred in captivity, it takes about four to five
generations. Some would say less,
but my estimation based on my experience on breeding farms
is four to five generations for a fish
from the wild in soft acid water to come into
hard alkaline water. It's done generationally.
The babies that hatch, let me do it this way.
When a fish comes in, like a discus, from soft acid
water and is kept in soft acid water,
it will lay eggs and they will hatch normally.
Now, if that fish is being acclimated to alkaline water,
it will be done very gradually.
But once it flips to alkaline, initially,
in the first few generations, the eggs won't hatch.
There will be too much osmotic pressure on the surface
of the egg for the baby to be able to break through.
As the adult continues to spawn in alkaline water,
by the second or third spawning
and or the second or third generation,
those babies will not have any trouble at all hatching in that water.
So the fish adjusts. And if you think about it,
in the Amazon, the soft acid water occurs during
the rainy season, during the monsoons,
if you will, where it rains daily for months.
and the water is rainwater.
The entire plain is flooded with rainwater.
Rainwater is soft and
acid. Once that season ends and the water begins
draining out faster than it's precipitating,
the water level goes down and the pH rises.
And the pH gets up into alkaline territory without
injuring the fish so the reality is that these fish
now it's not true of Borneo fish that's a
different issue but these fish go through
a transition every single year in the pH of their
water swinging from 7.2 up
to 7.5 all the way down to 6.2 6.3
that's a substantial swing and
they're perfectly healthy doing healthy doing it
for one thing it happens slowly it's a gradual
process doesn't happen overnight it takes months
for these transitions to occur so they're happening
very slowly and the fish are adjusting very naturally give you
an example of how this works
in your fish tank i think i mentioned this in the last day
or two we had a customer come in
who bought a dozen of our largest umbones spent
a lot of money for them beautiful fish big four
or five six inch fish that we'd had for a year
or more some of them two years took them home
put them in his tank a week later he came back in the door
and said of the of the
i don't know how many he bought i think actually it
was 16 of the fish i bought 12 were dead and
the other fish looked terrible well i was shocked
and dismayed he showed me a picture of one and it
looked like it might have it so i told him to go home
and raise the temperature meantime we sent
bryce out and matthew to see the tank he wanted us
to do maintenance on the tank they sent me a
picture in fact they got online with uh through
our discord server uh through the fatherfish show
got online audio and video
so i was able to look at the tank they were three or four fish
swimming around that were perfectly healthy i
can't remember whether i asked about about them
or whether they told me about them
but what i discovered is that those were fish that had been
in that tank when he added the new fish to it
and they were unscathed they were untouched by
by any disease, any problem at all.
So I knew instantly the issue was not it.
Had it been at that level
where there were literally millions of parasites,
nothing would have gone unscathed.
There may have been a few that would have kind of managed,
but in eight to nine days,
that's long enough for fish to die twice over with it.
It only takes about five days undetected
to pretty well wipe out everything.
If you catch it early in the first three to four days,
you can stop it cold by simply raising the temperature.
Beyond that, you're going to take losses because the parasites are
so deeply infested on the fish that they have already drained it
of sufficient fluids to prevent the fish being able to stay alive.
So at that stage, there's literally nothing you can do.
It's a dead fish swimming.
in any case i looked at that and i said wow
that's not it and then and and i just realized
immediately what it was i said your tank it looks like
your tank is toxic all these new fish that
died because the tank is toxic i said we can test it we put
a few more in and see if the same thing
happens but that's that's my belief
and he said well i'll tell you i bought some fish
earlier before i bought yours and the same thing happened
so i said all right we're gonna have to
change that tank what has happened is over a period of time
because there were no buffers
in the tank the biological activity gradually lowered
the pH now they did it gradually just
like these fish in the Amazon
so the fish that were in it were able to adjust perfectly normally
but you put a new fish into that and they they
are shocked by it many fish would die immediately
these took days
or a week to die showed you how hardy the African Malawi cichlids are
so what we're going to do now is we're going
to set up a further fish tank that'll have buffers
in it that'll be able to last without
that pH shifting he asked about what happens to his fish
I said, well, we can put them in a bucket,
and then once we get the tank set up, just put them in it.
He said, but it's toxic.
Isn't it going to kill them?
I said, no, because fish can be taken out
of an acid tank and put into a base tank and
be able to survive without any difficulty.
And the reason is it's a factor
of the barometric pressure.
I need to use that term.
I don't have a better term.
The pressure of the water in an acid tank
is substantially less than in an alkaline tank.
There are more dissolved minerals in it, more buffers in it.
So it's going to be harder water.
Salt water is never acidic.
it is always base it
is always 80 plus always anywhere
on the earth so like by taking these
fish that are in soft acid water in which
the pressure is very low putting them into hard
alkaline water the pressure will squeeze the cells
but they are springy enough to be able to
sustain themselves it'll tighten them up
and then gradually expand normally putting them from
alkaline to acid the cell expands and it ruptures
and that's what kills the fish every cell in the
body ruptures think how horrible that would
be same thing happens in space the cells rupture
because there's no pressure on them and they just
and everything goes like that kind of
infinitely so it all you put a body
in space it will disappear it'll expand and expand and expand
to the point where you can't even find a particle next
to another particle that's the expanded
beautiful if you will well not exactly
but anyway let's see where else we are what's the best size
tank for angel fish depends how many you're keeping
if you want just a few a 29 is a really
good size tank for angel fish that or bigger i'm
not fond of keeping them in smaller tanks
if they're smaller fish it's fine not a problem
at all uh once they hit two to three inches
They ought to be in something bigger.
Well, a 20 tall, you can do it.
A 20 tall or even a 20 long, you can keep angels in that.
I don't like to do it personally, but that's really a personal thing.
I prefer to have large angels than bigger tanks.
I just think they look better and seem less crowded.
120 with baby guppies I got from Tank Bros.
Wonderful.
Wonderful.
Well, that'll be fun.
you'll enjoy growing them out
and that's a great tank to grow babies out in to the 20 long they
will thoroughly enjoy that and you'll enjoy seeing
them grow out you could grow out a hundred baby
guppies in a 20 long or a 20 tall for that matter
and not miss a beat they would be fine they would
grow naturally they would grow
to their full size let's see let
me get back up here yeah foxy's
saying they successfully keeping them 29 i think it's
a great tank to keep them in a 29 is really
a wonderful tank i i know discus breeders
who keep their breeding pairs in 29 gallon tanks
living in impermanence.
The big long conversation
about the angels, best fish
for a high pH and a
foot cube tank.
Did I do a wrench for IMX? I did. Okay.
Well, long conversation about pH, but
it is something that's important to understand
because we run into the issue, not frequently,
But when we do, we need to understand what the real issue is.
And I guess what's critical is to never put fish
from alkaline to acid water.
Now, you're not likely to ever run across it.
But here's the problem.
Here's the issue.
And this comes up fairly commonly.
Came up here today, Thursday, I think Tuesday.
We had a fellow in who was having a terrible time keeping his fish.
And I said, well, why is that?
He said, I have acid water.
Well, he lives on the shore.
All the water here is hard alkaline water.
It's all deep well water.
And even if it's rainwater, there's alkalinity at the surface.
So it doesn't make sense.
And I thought about that, and I said, do you have a water softener?
He said, yeah, I live in a trailer park,
and they run it through a softener system.
Well, that's the problem.
The softener is taking all the minerals,
including the buffers, out of the water and leaving it acidic.
So he's got, I said, what you need to do,
there is code on the installation of water softeners.
There must be a faucet available on the delivery side,
that is, on the incoming side of the softener.
water going into the softener must have
a faucet before it goes into the softener so that you can
get untreated water and and you would want
to do that because you would not want to use treated
water on your lawn for example or to fill up a swimming pool
or whatever so i said go to there's
a faucet there find it and get your water
from that source you're going to have to bucket it in
but he only has a few tanks it's not a big deal
so that solved that problem very quickly
that's happened several times recently water softeners
are very popular here on the shore
because the water is hard
and alkaline now i happen not to like softened water because when
you take a shower or a bath you can't get
the soap scum off with hard water you can but it's
And I don't think it's a bit safer to drink, frankly.
I think it's worse to drink.
But people don't like the iron, the discoloration.
So they use a softener to get rid of the iron.
And in the process, they're getting rid of everything else.
Better to have a deionizer that'll get that color out
and retain the natural pH
and natural KH of the water.
Nevertheless, you don't ever want to use water
from a water softener for your aquarium.
Find the faucet on the other side of it
and take your water from there.
Very well.
Oh, listen.
Yeah, I got to go.
I've got an 11 o'clock doctor's appointment.
I'm going to be late.
i gotta get out of here i'm just gonna say goodbye i'm running late
my apologies what time is it
oh god i'm late now let me get over here and sign
off i hope i can still get in to see him
see you in the morning bye guys