James Kaufman reports on the conclusion of a G1 geomagnetic storm caused by two earth-facing coronal holes. While solar winds peaked near 700 km/s, the Earth is now calm. However, the report highlights a recent M1-class solar flare from a complex delta-class sunspot and warns of four large, active sunspots currently rotating toward Earth.
James Kaufman, World News Report today.
All right, ladies and gentlemen,
we've just gotten through another geomagnetic storm
caused by these two coronal holes
that were earth-facing just about 40 hours ago.
Looking at SOHO at 284 angstroms,
you can see the two coronal holes are no longer earth-facing.
I'd like to point out this really nasty sunspot
also coming around the limb,
and we have a sunspot that has turned
into a delta class sunspot over here on the right all right as
you can see we've been in and out
of that geomagnetic storm based on those solar winds
from those coronal holes and the last peak we had solar winds up
to just about 700 kilometers per
second which is a little bit faster than i had
forecasted i thought they'd go up to about 650
kilometers per second but they didn't quite reach
700 i don't think we'll take a look but this is
going to be from uh 10 to 1 a.m last night or utc
time from three to six remember that from three
to six and this is a well g1 geomagnetic storm
exactly a kp5 index and we had well part of that
come in a few hours before as well remember there
were two coronal holes one in the northern
hemisphere and one in the southern hemisphere
and the winds weren't necessarily moving at the exact
same rate. That's what we see here.
We see that there was a small difference. This was actually
stronger, the first strike, than a 5.33,
just barely stronger, but still stronger. We'll take
a look at what the solar winds were doing.
Not plasma, because again, this is from a coronal
hole, not a solar flare, and not a filament eruption like this was.
All right, let's keep
going you can see that we're well that has faded away
and we're well very calm here on earth
according to our Kp index now i wanted to show you all
the Kp indexes and this is our estimated
planetary Kp index we just looked at you can see
the first impact here i don't know if it's from
the coronal northern hemisphere or the southern hemisphere
and the second impact here we had a
a total of nine hours of a geomagnetic disturbance,
and a total of six hours of a geomagnetic storm,
a G1 geomagnetic storm.
Now, it didn't show up as main on the Fredericksburg Index,
and it showed up a little bit differently here on the Boulder Index.
We're lacking three hours of a geomagnetic disturbance,
but we still have two impacts, although they're not at the same times.
moving all the way down to our college index you can see
that we had a G3 geomagnetic storm
and six hours of a G1 geomagnetic storm
so it came out totally different it's always the most
sensitive as we all know and i just wanted to show
y'all really let's concentrate on our estimated
planetary Kp index and know that both coronal holes hit us
with only about three hours in between the
two impacts now although this was redone either yesterday
or today they did a pretty good job
here on the 19th they don't go quite high enough they have them
at about 625 and then falling off
Plasma, they have it about two.
We'll take a look at that, but this is better than they usually do.
All right. Taking a look at what's going on here,
it looks like this is showing plasma
actually impacting us up here. Nothing too strong.
I saw a 16 there. This looks like
it's going to be a 17.7.
Let's go into a one-day situation, and we can see that the plasma is
stayed below 10 centimeters all day today it has
dropped off now and it is down at about four
they get submitted to all day long
so they were way off as usual because it did go up to
right around right under 10 centimeters cubed
which would have been a geomagnetic storm not
even plasma but that would have been caused again
by a filament eruption or a solar flare looking
down at solar winds the actual cause of this geomagnetic disturbance
and storm we have solar
winds hitting 621 and 630 at times let's see
if we can grab that 630 there's a 630 in there
that corresponds with this 50 Kp index down here
as you can see this is going to be last night
central time 7 to 10, and this is going to be 10 to 1 last night.
That's where we had our KP
storm, or our geomagnetic storm.
And you can see that the temperatures have fallen way down
from where they were up here, and the plasma has fallen way down,
and the solar winds have also
died off. So we're out of trouble as far as that's concerned.
We have nothing inbound whatsoever
right now but we do have some ugly sunspots coming around
the limb uh this is going to be
again uh central time it's going to be from 10 to 1
and it's going to be from 3 to 6 UTC time
that's where that storm uh actually hits us
and that's the first curl hole here that hits us
And that's going to be on the 18th, just a few,
few hours before the second coronal hole hits us.
Of course, both coronal holes will not expel
the exact same speed of solar winds.
The one in the northern hemisphere is much more defined than
the one in the southern hemisphere, as you can tell visually.
and here we are checking our work
and look there's that three UTC time again and that looks
like it's close to 700 kilometers per second we saw 630
on the other one so this is that same time
that we have our actual geomagnetic storm
and we had one the day before as well but right before
the 19 so this matches up perfectly you can see
that plasma never went above 10 centimeters cubed
The shields were oriented to the north,
which helped us out quite a bit,
although the winds did not get very strong.
And the shields were both up and down,
but you will see they were way down here
when the strongest winds came in.
You can tell because the red goes below the dotted line,
telling you that our shields are down.
And you can see that lines up perfectly with the strongest solar winds,
which probably drove them down.
You can also see that temperature has dwindled off to normal positions.
All right, so it looks like we've just had perhaps an M flare.
We'll check that out.
It's going to be really close.
If not, folks, we wouldn't get an M flare out of this.
An M1 flare.
First one we've had in several weeks,
I believe, for sure, a week,
and probably longer than that.
You can see that our baseline is moving way up into the mid-C range,
so M flares are going to be easily achievable.
We do have that delta-class sunspot on the exiting limb,
which is the most complex sunspot that we know of,
and it's probably responsible for what we see here.
Over on SDO's HMI intensigram,
you can see that delta-class sunspot, AR4507, right here.
I don't think that it would
be geo-effective towards Earth, but it might be.
Our connection to the sun is on the outgoing limb.
Our geomagnetic connection is on this limb.
And sometimes it will travel down that rope
or electromagnetic connection
and be geo-effective towards Earth on the outgoing limb.
We have four sunspots here, three simple and one,
well, delta class, as extreme as we know.
and then we have some sunspots you can barely see coming around
the limb here they're about to be
named and they do look ugly
so they have not assigned the M1 to a sunspot yet but you can
see that every flare today has been from our delta class sunspot 4507
and i would just about
bet and we will check it out that this was from 4507 as well
and we're going to go over to the
193-cell ultraviolet imager
and we can see that sunspot flaring right there and that's the M1
and it looks like there's a sympathetic flare right about
that time from a sunspot right there
a little bit to the south there the simple sunspot you can see
the jet coming off of there but the
The one right here exiting is our M1,
and this is a sympathetic
sunspot right there.
So there you go.
The M1 was from the Delta class sunspot group,
and they might record the other one from a
simple sunspot.
Probably be a C-class flare.
Now, we know we have four very active sunspot groups coming around
from the backside of
our sun here.
and the first one's just about ready to be named here.
So we're going to have an interesting 12 to 15 days
with some very large, complex sunspots
that have been, well, producing what looks like
X-class solar flares on the backside.
So y'all prepare, and I think we're quiet here,
well, for a little while.
We should have had, let's see if we had a radio outage
with that last M flare.
And as you can see, we did.
And that just happened a second,
about five minutes ago, at the very least.
You can see it was over most of North America,
including Central America, and most of all the United States,
and the Pacific, and the very northern part of South America.
So we did get a lot of radiation
And there might be a
Portion of a
coronal mass ejection that we're hit by
We'll have to see about that
Give them a couple hours and
Let them model it over at NASA
And NOAA and if it looks like
It might impact Earth I will
Report it. That said
God bless you guys
An M flare finally
Four ugly sunspots
Coming around
A Delta sunspot now
earth-facing. We're about to be around the far limb.
And we just got out of a G1 geomagnetic
storm and six hours of a geomagnetic disturbance
per the actual KP index. And that was caused by
the two coronal holes that were earth-facing about 40 hours ago.
Please make sure to share and give
us a thumbs up. So important to get that thumbs up.
If you can help out, I'd really appreciate it.
God bless you all.