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Look up, the sky is dark, lifeless like a corpse, Yet then you notice something that wasn't there before. An almost invisible strange light illuminated the room. The one before was dark; it was too late to run. You are both lucky and unlucky, witnessing the resurrection a giant black hole that was previously inactive. Will a black hole swallow you and our world? Supermassive black hole a space object millions of times heavier than the Sun located in the center of most galaxies. But black holes are very difficult to see or study. Most of them just remained silent and did not Move a lot for a long time. That is what happens to a supermassive black hole in a distant galaxy. This galaxy is 300 million light-years away from us. in the part of the sky known as Virgo. For many years, black holes There is nothing interesting there. She is calm and resting. But at the end of 2019, something strange happened. The galaxy suddenly became brighter. This galaxy has begun emitting extremely bright X-ray light. Something never seen by scientists before. This surprised the astronomers greatly. They began to observe him closely. After studying it for several years, scientists have concluded that the black hole in question He has most likely already woken up from his sleep and become active. No, the center of the galaxy is very bright. This could mean a black hole is pulling material and generate a large amount of energy. Even astronomers have given it a nickname. Funny for this black hole, it's Enski. With And the coolest part of all this is that it's the first time ever for us It is possible to observe supermassive black holes in active conditions in real time. For scientists at the European Southern Observatory Germany was the first to realize that something strange was going on. They use a special space telescope. like NASA's Swift and another telescope called eROSITA to search for X-rays originating from Ensky. At first, they saw nothing. Then in February 2024, Another group of scientists observed something new. X-ray burst originating from Ensky. This spray is not random. It happened almost like clockwork. at almost regular intervals. Such a blink has a complicated name, quasi-periodic eruptions, abbreviated as QPEs. This happens when a black hole suddenly lights up with a burst of energy, but only for a short time. And this is the first time someone has seen the QPE. in the black hole that is awakening after remaining dormant for so long. Incidents like this are also very rare. Scientists had only discovered the first QPE in 2019. And they have only seen it a few times since then. No one knows exactly why this event occurred. But by observing Ensky, for scientists to learn more about How do black holes behave and grow? One important tool they use It is the XMM-Newton space telescope. This telescope is the only one capable of observing light. a dim background between flashes of light. By measuring how dim Ensky is among the bursts, scientists know how much energy A black hole was launched at each geyser. You must know that black holes have gravity that Extremely strong and attractive, anything that is too close Even a star itself. If a star is trapped, That star will be stretched and torn apart. The fragments of stars will form a very large ring. Hot, glowing matter swirling around a black hole. This ring is called an accretion disk. Scientists suspect a brief flash of light XQPI can occur when something happens, such as a star or even a small black hole Interact with the rotating disc. QPI is sometimes associated with the destruction of stars. But in Ensky, there were no signs indicating that he had destroyed a star. So, scientists began considering other reasons. Perhaps the disk surrounding Ensky is made of gas that disembark from the black hole in the nearby space not from a torn star. Maybe there's something even smaller. as if planets or stars repeatedly traversing that disk. shaking it violently and making it glow brightly with intense X-rays. What makes Enski truly special is How powerful and strong is its spray? According to a student at MIT working on this research, X-ray burst from Enski lasted 10 times longer The lama is 10 times brighter than normal QPI. Each burst emits energy 100 times greater than any other eruption ever observed by scientists. The timing is also strange. Enski has a blinking pattern every 4.5 days. This is the longest wait ever among the flashes. These peculiar features have made scientists rethink their assumptions. Regarding how QPI occurs and its causes. Unfortunately, we don't yet have enough data to know for sure. Astronomers must observe more. This kind of incident keeps happening, so as to find out about it. You might be wondering how For scientists, it is possible to discover black holes. After all, black holes capture everything, even light. Indeed, this space monster is very hard to see. Basically, they are not visible. But the scientists observed what was happening around them. There might be glowing gas and dust. Somewhere in outer space. The problem is that black holes often have rings of gas and dust. rotating around it, called an accretion disk. This ring becomes extremely hot and emits X-rays. and other types of light that can be observed by telescopes. It could also be moving stars. Such giant black holes as those present has a very strong gravity at the center of the Milky Way galaxy strong enough to make stars orbit around the black hole. Scientists observed stars moving with special patterns and proving that there are A giant black hole hiding there. This discovery won the Nobel Prize in 2020. They are also searching for ripples in space. because when massive objects like black holes move or When they collided with each other, they emitted gravitational waves. Scientists have created a special device to feel the ripples. This and studying black holes in greater detail. Finally, bending the light. A black hole has extremely strong gravity. so that it can bend the light from the stars behind it like a cosmic magnifying glass. This gravitational lensing technique can help For scientists, a solitary black hole has been discovered. It should be remembered that, unlike the stereotypes that circulate, A black hole is not a wormhole. a magical tunnel that takes you to another place outside space or a different universe. Once we enter it, there is no way out or other side. A black hole is not some kind of space vacuum cleaner. A black hole does not swallow everything near it. If you are far away, Its gravity is the same as the gravity of other objects with the same mass. The closest black hole to Earth is named Gaia BH1. It is approximately 1,500 light-years away. While the most distant black hole we know of is located in a distant galaxy located 13 billion light-years away. The largest black hole we have ever seen is named TON 618. This black hole's mass is 66 billion times that of the Sun. While the smallest black hole is only 3.8 times larger The weight of the Sun and located beside a star. By the way, all black holes spinning or spinning very fast. The fastest one spins more than a thousand times per second. Moreover, a large black hole at the center of a galaxy could ejecting particles at extremely high speeds, almost as fast as light. If an object falls into a black hole, Spaghettification will occur. The object will stretch. because of the extremely strong gravitational pull of a black hole. Speaking of gravity, if our Sun were replaced with a black hole having the same mass Earth and other planets will continue to orbit in the same manner. Gravity will not change just because there is a black hole. Scientists have discovered two types of black holes. The first one is called a stellar-mass black hole. and usually lasts about 5 to 50 times heavier than the Sun. The second type is a supermassive black hole, which is extremely large. Some are 100,000 to a billion times heavier than the Sun. Perhaps there are also black holes of a certain size Currently like a type in the middle Yet no one has found it with certainty. Black holes of stellar mass can form when Two neutron stars collide with each other. Moreover, two smaller black holes could also join and form a larger black hole. That is one way black holes grow. Yet supermassive black holes remain a great mystery. Scientists do not yet know for certain how nature works. The universe created a black hole that large.