Making Negative Requests in German
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Do you know how to ask someone not to do something in German?
You'll learn how in just a moment.
Hi, my name is Jesper and this is 3-Step German by GermanPod101.com.
In this lesson, you'll learn how to ask someone
not to do something politely through a quick conversation.
Let's look at the dialogue.
As you listen, pay attention to how they ask about the topic
and how the other person responds.
Bitte geh heute nicht raus, Aaron. Es ist sehr kalt.
Darf ich morgen kein Fußball spielen?
Nein, mach bitte ein paar Tage keinen Sport.
Dein Körper braucht Ruhe.
Alles klar?
Ich bleibe ruhig und entspanne mich.
Let's hear it with the English translation.
Pay attention to the first sentence.
It follows the key speaking pattern you'll learn later in this lesson.
Bitte geh heute nicht raus, Aaron.
Es ist sehr kalt.
Please don't go out today, Aaron.
It's very cold.
Darf ich morgen kein Fußball spielen?
So, I can't play football tomorrow?
Nein, mach bitte ein paar Tage keinen Sport, dein Körper braucht Ruhe.
No, please don't do any sports for a few days, your body needs rest.
Alles klar, ich bleibe ruhig und entspanne mich.
Alright, I'll stay calm and relaxed.
Let's start with pattern 1, negating an action with nicht.
Do you remember how the character said,
please don't go out today, Aaron?
Bitte geh heute nicht raus, Aaron.
This sentence follows the pattern here.
Bitte plus verb imperative form plus nicht,
please don't plus verb.
This structure is used
when you want to politely tell someone not to do a specific action.
Let's pause here for a minute and remember something we already know.
How do we give a command in German?
From the verb machen, we say mach.
From gehen, we say geh.
In this lesson, we'll build on that by making these commands negative.
Let's break down the line from the dialogue.
Bitte geh heute nicht raus, Aaron.
Please don't go out today, Aaron.
Bitte means please.
Geh is the imperative form of gehen, the verb to go.
Heute means today.
Nicht means not.
Raus means out and finally,
Aaron is the name of the person being spoken to.
Here the action of going out is being negated with nicht,
bitte makes it polite.
So altogether, bitte gehe heute nicht raus,
Aaron means please don't go out today, Aaron.
Now for our second key pattern.
This is how you negate a thing or a noun.
Notice in pattern one we use nicht to negate an action, a verb.
Here in pattern two, we use kein to negate a thing or noun.
Verb imperative plus bitte plus kein,
keine, keinen plus noun.
Please do no noun.
You begin with a command verb.
Add bitte for politeness and then use kein,
keine or keinen to negate the noun that follows.
The ending changes depending on the noun's gender.
A line from our dialogue is a perfect example.
Mach bitte ein paar Tage keinen Sport.
Please don't do any sports for a few days.
Let's break it down.
Mach is the command do.
Ein paar Tage is for a few days.
Keinen Sport means no sports.
We are not negating the action, we are negating the thing called Sport.
Because Sport is a masculine noun, we use Keinen.
And here's a quick tip on politeness.
The word Bitte is very flexible.
In both patterns you can usually place it either
at the beginning of the sentence or right after the verb.
For example,
Bitte geh nicht raus and Geh bitte nicht raus are both correct.
The same goes for
Bitte mach keinen Sport
and Mach bitte keinen Sport.
Both sound perfectly natural.
Now let's look at some speaking examples
grouped by the pattern we're using.
First, let's see the nicht-pattern again.
Bitte spiel diese Woche nicht am Computer.
Please don't play on the computer this week.
Here, the action of playing is negated.
Now, let's look at some examples with the KEIN pattern,
which negates nouns.
Bitte iss heute keine Süßigkeiten.
Please don't eat sweets today.
Here, the noun Süßigkeiten, sweets, is being negated.
Here's another example.
Mach bitte morgen keinen Lärm. Ich muss lernen.
Please don't make noise tomorrow. I have to study.
Mach bitte morgen keinen Lärm. Ich muss lernen.
Please don't make noise tomorrow, I have to study.
Another one.
Trink bitte abends keinen Kaffee, Aaron.
Please don't drink coffee in the evening, Aaron.
Trink bitte abends keinen Kaffee, Aaron.
Please don't drink coffee in the evening, Aaron.
One last example.
Bitte bring keine Haustiere ins Hotelzimmer.
Please don't bring pets into the hotel room.
Bitte bring keine Haustiere ins Hotelzimmer.
Please don't bring pets into the hotel room.
Now you know how to ask someone not to do something in German.
And you can move on to the practice.
Bis bald!
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