Introduction à la PERMACULTURE Partie 2

It was a long day spending the whole day pruning the orchard Very used and valued diversity What does that mean It wasn't putting all your eggs in the same basket Nature is based on diversity Nature is not based on the same thing at the same time and place No An example The Indigenous peoples throughout the Saint Lawrence Valley and beyond used an old system called the three sisters And it sustained the Native Americans at least the Iroquois and others for thousands of years And what about the three sisters What is the corn rising The corn The corn The corn is rising quickly Then corn is sown about three weeks before the others It is sown when it starts to be about a foot tall There we can go because the others are faster to take off Then the other two sisters are pole beans not bush beans pole beans and the squash Then we plant these two around the corn The bean on the other hand climbs It uses the corn as a trellis You don't need to put up small stakes and all that for the bean to climb The bean wants to climb anything It prefers to climb a plant rather than something dead Then he will climb the corn and the squash it uses herbicide She just gives the impression that nothing competes with the squash If it's a pumpkin with large leaves nothing grows underneath So that's the basic idea Here you have to refine it you have to match the right corn with the right bean Well that's it After a thousand years you'll have it Yes that's right It's not necessarily the first time you'll get the right combination But with some trials ideally ask the Native Americans who still have those granules and still use them "Okay give me a combination that works for me " We use guides The same idea a combination of plants in the orchard Then we can have our trees A floating tree a floating tree a fixed tree Then the shrubs That would be gooseberries probably blackcurrants here and plants below So for each fruit tree we plant two fruit bushes Each tree because there may be a pioneer tree or a nitrogen-fixing tree We plant two fruit bushes We plant ten perennials around each tree Just because it makes sense to install it this way here And perennials can be onions they can be evergreens they can be flowers they can be perennial lettuces They can be perennial cabbages or all sorts of things that grow It can be rhubarb it can be raspberries it can be strawberries Then there are a variety of plants that do well depending on the amount of sunlight you have At first in the early years after planting the first three years it was wonderful to grow annual vegetables Because there is still a lot of sun So were making beans peas They started putting them on the fruit trees That was a mistake So we'll try Have you seen beans that can climb a tree They love it so much They produce so many beans that the climbing plant instead of climbing like that Especially with weeping trees that have been trained into bonsai bent under the weight of beans Beans when they are happy produce That is still a pretty good bean production And the same thing they even made condes That was fun picking condes from the trees It was good That's it So we have a succession Succession is a plant that replaces another plant in the future and so on Using what is already growing is one way We will introduce plants that survive easily and increase the level of organic matter That is quite important with mulch It's wonderful Use the borders the interfaces That is in nature a border If this is the forest here and this is a field that area will be the most diverse This means that the species that use the field often will land here on the edge Species that use the forest come to the edge And there there are species that live only at the edge Then there are about three groups here There's a group here Wow It's a good place If you are on the edge of a lake the lake's edge there are species that are in the lake Some forest species come to the edge to drink and bask in the sun no matter what There are species along the edge So the edges are very rich If you have a house and a wall that faces south it's great It's great There are advantages But bring some plants you're going to have a border there There are a lot of plants I look at the brick walls and think wow How many grapes we could grow there Then we kind of have that idea In the orchard we space the rows just enough to simulate the borders And you can see that the birds respond to this They come in large numbers Use change and respond creatively That is truly the human principle If I tell you hey it's blowing hard Or if I say hey it's blowing hard What did I say I said the same words Does that mean the same thing No on the one hand I said to him hey it's blowing hard That's a negative I saw it it's not good it's blowing hard Whereas the other one me if maybe I want to install a wind turbine I say hey it's really windy Wow That's wonderful It's blowing hard here I want to install a wind turbine That's the human side We have a choice Maybe you say oh I have to go to work Maybe you say oh I have to go to work That is your choice The choice may be about the location the people and so on Maybe you say oh I have to work with him Maybe you're saying is that your reaction because oh but you don't know Ben I know I can see the caterpillar as another year of a caterpillar And I can say hey caterpillar what are you here for anyway What are you trying to show me Often the things that bother us in life we should ask ourselves does this really happen to me Does this happen to me or does it happen to you That's your choice You have a choice That's the human side You are facing something that bothers you But is the fact that it bothers you a negative Should you rather ask yourself well why does it bother me that Often it's the behavior aspect The things that bother us are the things we do For you it's like that I know if there's something that bothers me well it's true that I do the same thing But that's what bothers us When we see it in others it bothers us But when we do it ourselves it doesn't bother us Does that happen to me or for me That's your choice And there you must adjust and see accordingly Because everything works both ways That's the way you react to this thing And start changing the way you see it Wow You'll see all of a sudden wow Hey It's blowing hard It's blowing hard It's wonderful It's just about how you see how you can benefit from it So apply one or more of these principles What do you mean This is the base We will see features that are often seen The first one is the use of straw Why Because it adds organic matter What is straw It can be straw It is the original word that comes from the straw that was applied But is there anything else that can be used as a straw BRF What is BRF It's wood or branches It must be branches no thicker than 2 inches or 5 centimeters that are chipped It can be charged It doesn't matter but they are broken to give a straw Often perennial plants are used not just annual plants You know the garden the part of the time is made up of annual plants What is the difference between a perennial and annual You have to reseed it every year Perennial it grows on its own Me when I'm in front of a plant and I can sow cabbage for the next 10 years There I can plant the sea buckthorn and for 10 years I will have cabbage Does it want cabbage It's a substitute It doesn't do exactly the same thing It does three things instead of just one Before it blooms you can see these buds What's it going to look like Broccoli It is truly a perennial broccoli Before the flower opens it can be eaten as broccoli The leaves can be eaten It's really a very good substitute for cabbage leaves If you wanted to take part of the root it's a bit like the turnip substitute Because those three broccoli cabbage and turnip are the same plant in different arrangements But it's all the same in that plant It grows very well in heavier soils It grows very well in salty soils Maybe you are by the side of a road where they put a lot of salt They add a bit of salt in Montreal Especially if there's a bit of drift That is when the cars pass there's a bit of salt spray This the maritime rush is a seaside plant It is accustomed to salt It likes it It even needs salt The idea here is the same for nuts fruits and so on There are plants that You know an apple tree isn't just one year You don't have to plant apple trees every year But the apple tree once planted can last 30 50 100 150 or even 200 years It's interesting If I don't have to do the same thing every year that's better A low density meaning when planting trees you don't try to pack them in as much as possible They can be planted a bit less densely to allow for other layers As I said trees shrubs and perennials The three can work very well The three floors can function well Now we place nitrogen fixers at the base then vines and kiwis We just went to get a fourth floor Perhaps we would like many more mushrooms That will be another level Mushrooms are really interesting And so on When you say it's about nitrogen what is nitrogen It is associated with mushrooms and bacteria that associate with roots These bacteria by associating give the plant nitrogen and receive sugars from it Does it nourish the earth like that Yes The earth becomes more fertile because of the fixed nitrogen But it usually needs to be trimmed to free that That is you have to make the root grow and you let a little bit of roots die But pruning is done anyway Pruning these trees releases some nitrogen That's probably also what provides amino acids Good question I've been down there often but I've never seen that one The other is the use of hedgerows to add diversity This is the project that Jean-Martin is leading at the Ferme des Quatre-Temps They used multi-purpose hedges that function as windbreaks for vegetable planting They also add biodiversity for insects for birds and so on The implementation of microclimates that is how to set up a microclimate Imagine if you are facing south and plant the trees in the center you will increase the solar effect in that area You can get an additional half zone just by arranging it It's like creating a south-facing bay Imagine a bay of a lake there that one Imagine doing that with trees We are creating a place that is more protected where it grows better You can add water or ponds which in turn create a microclimate through reflection and by storing the sun's heat in the water The edges that's a beautiful example It's the same thing It stores energy but also prevents water from flowing down the mountain It is captured and gradually becomes available Animals are often used Hives in farm animals On plans divide the powders There we give space for the powders No the space must be changed Chickens don't like to eat where they ate yesterday Dormant they move All animals seek to move So we need to plan how to allow the animals to move so they have fresh grass The idea of having when you see that it bothers me when I see eggs that are written I just saw it in English Free range What is that Free range chicken Free range just means they have access to Sometimes it means they are not in cages That's already better But sometimes it means Ah we open the doors of the barn and then the chickens can go outside Yes but if the chickens have access to the same yard for 180 days I guarantee you that chicken is contaminated She has an overdose What is a pollutant That means the place can't absorb that amount of smoke It needs to be moved If you move the chickens it's wonderful So what we do is we move the cages every day at most every two days and here we see a That must have been a small spot that was there for two days But it's not brown It's not bare It's just temporarily over-fertilized I guarantee you that the grass doesn't let that through The grass is like Hey give me that I like that I really like that even And what happens is that maybe there was a lot of clover And there you put chickens during the day Suddenly the clover will almost disappear for the season Why Because the clover is human So I can use it The grass had its share of that from the chickens And so the grass surpasses the clover And the clover is there He survives but he does not grow He is outdated And so in two years when the effect of the chickens has passed Suddenly you will see the clover beginning to return That was an indicator that there the grass could have chickens again Then the only limit to design is the designer's imagination It's us who limit what we can do I look at the city of Montreal You know Montreal is favored because there aren't many cities in the world with as many flat roofs I went to the city I said well perfect I want to put a greenhouse on the roof If you install a greenhouse it must not be visible from the street What What's this idea You want us to do urban agriculture but we can't put a greenhouse on the roof I told myself I need to replace my roof within five years But I don't want to pay 8000 dollars for a roof that will only give me a flat roof that I'll have to redo in another 30 years I thought to myself I want to put the 8000 dollars into a greenhouse And if I need to change the greenhouse's cover that's okay But by that time I will have made more than $8000 in production in my greenhouse on the roof It takes the heat that naturally escapes from the roof and then allows the snow to fall without having to melt that snow I thought to myself it seems logical doesn't it Yes but the rules don't allow it Between common sense and sometimes I apologize if there are those who work for the city But sometimes a regulation blocks a lot of common sense He talks about it but he doesn't change the rules So I have to go through the council I need to get a change approved Okay this is going to be worse but come on you know It allows for open roofs Open roofs as long as they are not visible That means you can have plants on the roof but it's not a greenhouse Just like I wanted there is a facade on the south side of the house I wanted a greenhouse on the south side of the house It cannot be larger than the existing gallery What is the existing gallery I want to make it 30 feet of the house So sometimes things that are logical have a few obstacles That's why I have a laboratory in the countryside It's like the idea that if you want balls in town who's the one who did this That was the architect but who was the master Jean Drapeau At that time there were still people around in the city It is 1965 It's time to stop the idea of balls in the city We are creating a regulation Maybe at one point that was the idea but now the idea is that we should be able to do it Then we can take inspiration from the forms of nature I just want to show that nature already has all kinds of things What is it for It's a form That is meanders the way a river flows If you look at a trail That's a bit like nature If you do it yourself but it's just the path that the horses took or that people took on foot if you have the option to walk You will see if you walk across a field you will not have walked straight You do not walk straight Yet we trace all our journeys straight ahead We are not necessarily inspired We move like water It is natural to flow like water Have you ever seen bubbles You know in 1967 there was one who was inspired by bubbles to do that Why Because for a It uses the least amount of material for a given volume That's an interesting idea that He simply drew inspiration from the idea of a bubble to make it Have you seen that before This case do you know this plant Well do you know that the person who developed a rather magical product was holding their dog that came along And who said but really it fits perfectly There he pulled it off his dog's fur And he said how does it fit so well There look at it under a microscope Oh yes look closely at it They are nice hooks at the end Oh but I wonder if we could do that Do you know that It was based and inspired by the idea that the dog was held with it and that it fit well Imagine if we could integrate it into our clothing That makes a lot of sense And it's being applied it's being used Have you ever seen humpback whales Someone wondered why a whale makes humps Why don't all whales have humps But why does the humpback whale have humps Nature does not waste energy It designs a system to be as efficient as possible for the situation Then the man asked himself "Well let's try that " If instead of taking a blade who passes through the air let's say if you put humps in the same frequency as a humpback whale well he found it There is 20% less friction Therefore for the same blade whether it is for a wind turbine or a fan We get 20% more power or it uses 20% less electricity to operate They did the math you know just the small fan blades in the computers the computer fan blades currently They take 6 or 3 percent That's a figure That's like let's see electricity for all the servers You know when it's factories it works all with a small fan If they just replaced the small fan with a small fan like that They accounted for 1% of all electricity use just by changing the fans on the computers You can It's just about observing the nature of the effect why and copying the same thing A forest garden is an example The idea of combining a garden with a fores It gave the idea of a multi- level structure in a tropical forest temperate and so on There are seasons of fruits Are there any who pick fruits starting in May June However there are fruits if you cover them but at least in June you can start fruits in July August September October If you have more than a few fruits maybe you can them The same goes for perennial vegetables I 'm not talking about vegetables I am talking about perennial vegetables Perennial vegetables combine very well with annual vegetables What exactly is a perennial This means they stay there Often they are spring plants That is they have a root Already in place and as soon as the sun warms the earth they start Have any of you already eaten asparagus In May we don't want to see any asparagus at the end of May Show me no asparagus I've had enough When you eat it five times a week for four weeks that's how it is You can bleach it you can keep it for other seasons It's the same for several perennial species Who can do that Everyone can do that I am in an apartment Are you going to a gallery You can put a small compostable you can put compostable varnish you can grow plants Do you have a railing around the gallery You can probably learn about plants here Why not I am just an apple tree Buy four or five buy one Four in one five in one five apple sales in a tree You will have the August school September October We can do that It's probably just in the countryside No it's in the city Run forward run backward on the roof in the basement You can grow sprouts and mushrooms in the basement by raising your chicks in the basement Be outlaws don't be afraid Waste can be recycled What do we do with all this rain and waste There are times when we have too much There are times when you just don't have enough You can go to That one I find it quite cool The guy wanted to be able to have a solar barbecue He installed 48 combined mirrors and they all reflected onto the plate He should have worn sunglasses for example because and it worked I said That's cool Imagine a barbecue in the middle of the day all the mirrors reflect anything they put on the grill It's cooking It's going to be difficult to Adjust I think he adjusted it for a specific time of day So he installed it between a quarter to twelve and a quarter past twelve that was the maximum Otherwise it's true you must always exchange it You can harvest anything even the moon Do you know that the moon is a great indicator for when to plant I myself saw why it's so logical Our farm is on sand and the water is 8 feet below the surface Three days before and three days after a full moon even if it is a dry season the soil is moist on the surface In the morning you can see the ground The first year I saw this I said but what is this There was no rain yesterday there is nothing in any bowl but the floor is wet I said what is that It's a tide The moon causes the tide to rise And eight feet is the distance Because there is also the capillary effect Therefore the moon pulls on the water table And the water rises by capillary action up to the surface At 10 a m the soil is dry Why Because the tide has receded and the ground is drying out the surface So if you sow your seeds and you are sowing in the garden but you are sowing seeds three days before the full moon the small seed on the very first evening It will be humidified by the capillary effect of the rising tide On the second day the same thing They sprouted three days later And there as soon as they sprout if they sprout for the full moon It's ideal because the small root that comes out there has the maximum amount of water And there every night the tide rises a bit lower Then the root must continue to run Have you ever asked for weeds It seems all of a sudden there are many in the garden But these are all seeds waiting for the full moon the tide And suddenly they all leave at the same time because they got the water bonus Sometimes it rains but if there's no rain suddenly we always come out full of grass They are growing They know they are waiting for the right moment It's every month 28 days Then imagine cities edible villages You can have them in the city you can I say once the place has started My goal is 100 km of bike paths in Montreal That's not much 100 km is equivalent to 40 hours of orchard It's not huge but it's a good start 100 km means that probably wherever you live if you take a bike path One could walk along the orchard paths even if it was just one side And there every 50 meters along the path On change the harvest date Maybe you're driving and you see a small sign At the beginning of August you say what's that the beginning of August Suddenly you arrive in mid-August It is September 1st And there we arrive on September 1st And there you can see the flows It means we can Ah that wouldn't take long We would understand that Yes it's the time to seize those flows You don't have 50 meters and then it starts again When you get to mid-October you end up back in August And so on and so on That's certainly easy and can be done but sometimes it's just the go Think about putting a cube That's a great project in Paris And we can use the walls Walls that's In the city there are a lot of walls I've noticed that in the city The most expensive thing is the infrastructure You know if I wanted to plant an hectare of vineyard It's not the grapevines that are expensive it's all the posts the wires all that This is all the metal infrastructure if you like that is expensive Then we plant the vines Then they climb on top of it In the city there's all that infrastructure already paid for by our taxes Have you ever seen fences in the city Frost fences that's awesome They're all already there You just have to plant something on them Have you ever seen a streetlight You know a streetlight You give a kiwi a streetlight Then he will really like it then he climbs around like that Yes probably That's why I'm telling you do illegal things Do some slightly illegal things Sometimes it's just about setting an example but it's fun that Yes no way I have a wall that has been there for 25 years and I have vines inside And that's the only wall I don't have to re-point the bricks Then I realized at a certain point because I like observing A heavy rain that came in the summer And I went to see the brick wall and it was completely dry behind a wall of grapes Before arriving there it should be said that if your wall is starting to crumble climbing plants will speed up the process That is the first thing But if your wall is healthy it will extend the lifespan Why Because it is the acidity in the rain that erodes the mortar in the bricks and stone walls It's really acid rain has done a lot of damage to those things Here we prevent the rain from touching it It is not necessarily every time but several times Every time someone has just been saved It's as if we had instead of having 25 rains in the summer It's like having had five rains in the summer So the wall is different I was dry for a much longer time Then yes it can if the wall is already falling put it there Fix your wall Then put them on You trim it a little but often it trims itself a bit because we don't even have a structure we don't have a line on the wall They climb up a climbing liard Two vines are used Then it is the liard that holds Then the vine climbs up the other plant That's a more lazy way to do it A vine you say in France the example when pruning the vine 98% of all growth is removed Of last year You don't leave much on a vine The vine is the plant that is most pruned Let's say you have 100 cm of growth on a vine you keep 2 cm Everything we keep are the two buds on each small If you let it grow on a wall you can leave it She will produce more bunches but smaller grapes Pruning is really about concentrating the juice Grow fewer grapes so they can grow better This is a phenomenon We have wild grapes that just by size for a few years Wild grapes are as big as store-bought grapes That's the same That's the smallest blue grape But if you prune it you concentrate the juice in many fewer grapes What can you do to be a better permaculturist Trice What can you do What are you going to do Rather what are you going to do You came here just to listen that's all The better you observe the better you start There you are at least exposed to the idea Remember it's common sense It's not new It has already been seen it has already been done it has already been practiced elsewhere But these ideas can be applied at home Those who have never seen anything about what we do we made a film that explains the orchard very well how we make the orchard How it's different It's an open farm for self -picking for members only We are limited to 100 families per year If you type my name go check Facebook too but go check YouTube We made videos every week Were you bio at the beginning It has been more certified organic since 15 years We respect the standards but there was one thing that for a while we wanted to replant because we didn't want to use Herbicides We chose to use plastic strips under the trees When were at that time the regulations for organic had not yet been adjusted A bit like the idea of a greenhouse on the roof We stayed like that If you put in permanent plastic The idea is that we will put it in and it will last the lifetime of the orchard If you use permanent plastic you cannot be organic If in spring I lay down plastic and in autumn I remove and throw it away Next year I lay down plastic and in the second autumn I remove and throw it away and I can be organic It has changed but back then I did it I can't be organic It doesn't make sense I am not sowing seeds We are growing vegetables We buy them as we can according to what we want to do We don't do many vegetables It's rather our garden I really like the idea of organic There are its limits In France they call it " biopaysant " " bio-industriel " When I started it was still more of a biopaysant There weren't many bio- industrialists who ended up having the same idea You can grow 5 hectares of lettuce 5 hectares of lettuce Without treatments it will be quite difficult because it' s a large monoculture It's always a question of how much How many trees does it take to make a forest That's it You have to decide how much space ow many plants can we put in to get to for me it's the insects that tell us if the insects say It looks nice if I come in here I do everything That's a bit of an indicator I think we should go ahead Between the chemical direction Anything we do that takes us away from that direction because we don't need it That's it They were sold especially as farmers the idea that it takes that That's the modern thing to do No it's not essential Do you publish offers Yes there are two rounds per year One in the spring and one in bloom and one in the fall at harvest I don't have the link but if you go to www eventbrite com and you type in the farmers You will see It is May 14th in the spring No on May 18th and September 14th We were a bit late Huntington specifically in Castleville It is 10:00 PM in the southwest zone 5 I would have liked to have your opinion He started a garden a library There are often gardening books that suggested crop rotation I don't understand There are still the principles of combining cultures It's a bit different isn't it It's not a technique Because in the end it's not long before we realize At your place and at mine the conditions are not the same We need to adapt You must always be observant What are the differences I have a garden here in Verdun That's big ice in the city When I arrive at the farm We are on an old beach This is sand We already had a round when we had rain It rained 4 inches during the night And at 11 in the morning I knelt on the ground and the knee is completely dry 4 inches that's it in Montreal 4 inches of rain you're going to have more than a wet knee It depends on the conditions But the idea is to apply rotations to apply and combine crops These are techniques these are details of techniques What do you do with your crops after It's the beginning The technique is not a permaculture technique Just like me the orchard I called it the permaculture orchard But it's just in our climate that's a principle that works well When we go to the tropics They should do more than just tree shrub They should have a bigger tree And then a very big tree above Then it depends where we are on what we can do Go ahead Yes there are even some there are more than 2 1 to 2 but there are certainly more than 2 even for this year in Quebec I give more than that It's intensive courses Me 12 days is I don't even know where they are giving it this year There are some groups You type PDC or CPD Certificate of Design CDP Permaculture Design Certificate then Quebec then you'll see some of them at least 2 days Yes but this author has done some good ones I'd say there are 2 easy very easy ones You can get through them in a few hours This is Permaculture 1 Permaculture 2 They are two different books but it's really just the beginning I would tell you start with videos even He was the one who wrote those two There's one that's the big one which is really the basis of the course It's more than 2 hours There are so many more resources today When I started it was mainly in English That's why in Quebec We were in the first class in Quebec They were bringing someone from British Columbia who also spoke French to teach this here It started like that Several people were trained who then also teach elsewhere It's just the beginning but there 's so much information available Do you have an accent It's a little joke I just wanted to An exchange My neighbor has a sand trap that comes out at 40 yards I'm asking in the Saint-Joseph-du-Lac area I am surrounded by money There is one area I know which is on the bio The rest is publishing Facing closure It's a first What are we going to do to change our habits 35% of consumers in Quebec They buy a vegan based on its price not on its origin but on its quality They are far ahead It is a good example I see a lot of hesitation in my sector I am an alien I would say in terms of a larger scale It's very small When I planted this there are many all over the world who did this Why aren't there more Between the time we start learning these concepts the sentence that took me five years to handle Why does it take me 5 years to handle it Because it 's disruptive Not just what we thought we could have But often one looks left and right Is that logical We want to be validated in what we hear by others Unfortunately when you' re extraterrestrial a bit like me As soon as I started planting people came up to me and said "What are you doing here It's not just apples " Yes that's the idea I made a lot of mistakes That's why we made the movie "Is It Wood or Water " Some people ask me for advice I say "Look don't make the same mistakes I made " I received a good education at Harvard Just by things Sometimes it's so When you don't know you don't know It's so obvious It's obvious afterwards It's always obvious afterwards Most mistakes I've made at least twice Because I did it Then it's been ten years since I made that mistake Then I even can't remember that I didn't do that But when I'm wrong I say "Oh yes that's right Sean " There I remember That's the second time Unless you write down everything you've done as a mistake and then review it every year you'll make them again I've stopped I earned a master's degree in science After that I said "Well I've had enough of being so meticulous There I want to try a lot of things » And I tried a lot of things But I see we have seven minutes left before we get kicked out of the room Thank you for being displaced I hope it was still an introduction And please don't stop there Keep moving forward in this area Thank you and good evening Hey did you like it Then subscribe and watch a recent video