ÁNH SÁNG TRONG VŨ TRỤ | Khám Phá Vũ Trụ Mới Nhất

The speed of light is nearly 300,000 km per second, or exactly 299,792 km per second. According to contemporary physics, it is also the highest speed in the universe. Compared to anything we see every day, light moves too fast, it seems to happen immediately. But when we put light into the vast and large universe, what will happen? NASA scientist James O'Donoghue has created some clear images to help us see how the light moves slowly in our solar system. The speed of light in the sky, the sign is C. The sign C originates from the word constant, the number in the physical unit system. And C also originates from the Latin word celeritas, which means fast or speed. Speed changes the distance between two objects in the same unit system they are moving in. It has the value of being able to exceed C. However, this speed does not represent the speed of each object measured by a quantum unit system. The quantum effects that the information shows seem to be faster than C, like the EPR theory. In this imaging experiment, we observed that a quantum state of two particles was entangled with each other. Until the particles were observed, or measured, both existed in a slow state of two quantum states. If these two particles are far apart, and when a quantum state of a particle is observed, the quantum state of that particle is immediately determined. Or the information can be transmitted from this particle to that particle faster than the speed of light. However, we cannot control or predict the quantum state of the first particle before it is measured. And because of this, information cannot be transmitted in the usual way. Another quantum effect predicts the appearance faster than the speed of light, called the Hartman effect. Under certain conditions, the time required for an image to go through a line is a number, regardless of how thick the line is. This means that an image can go through a large distance at a speed faster than light. However, there is no information that can be sent by using this effect. There are super-bright movements when observing celestial bodies in the sky, such as relativistic stars emitted by radio waves or from space. However, these stars do not move at a speed faster than the speed of light. This is just an optical effect of a super-bright movement caused by a particle or nucleus moving with a speed close to the speed of light and to the Earth along with a small angle of view. Because the light emits when the nucleus or nucleus is in a further position, it will take longer to reach the Earth. The time between the next two observations will correspond to a longer time between the light-emitting distances. In the expanding model of the universe, the further away the celestial body is, the larger the speed of light is. This distance is not caused by celestial bodies moving in space, but by the expansion of space itself. For example, a celestial body far away from Earth moves far away with a speed proportional to its distance. This is called the Hubble Curve. The speed of light will exceed the speed of light when its distance to Earth is very large. The philosopher Empedocles was the first person to talk about the problem of the speed of light as a limit. He believed that light is something that moves. Therefore, it takes time to go a certain distance. Aristotle argued the opposite, that light is something that does not move. Euclid and Ptolemy came up with a theory about the vision of the human eye. In it, light emanates from the eye and allows the human eye to perceive images. Based on this theory, Heron in Alexandria argued that the speed of light must be infinite, because objects as far away as stars appear almost immediately when the eye opens. This is why Aristotle was the first person to support Aristotle's view that light has no speed of movement. In 1021, Al-Hazen, ibn al-Haytham, wrote a book on science and he gave a series of arguments about vision as well as the conclusion that light must emanate from objects and transmit to the human eye. He also thought that light was a substance that circulated in the universe and took time, even when we could not feel it. Also in the 21st century, Abraham Al-Biruni agreed with the theory that the speed of light is infinite and he realized that light must have a speed greater than the speed of sound. In the 13th century, Al-Hazen argued that light in the air does not have an infinite speed when he used the philosophical arguments of Al-Hazen and Aristotle. In the year 1270, Waittilo considered the possibility that light transmits at an infinite speed in space, but at a slow pace in other environments. Until the modern era, the first record of this argument appeared in Ancient Greece. Ancient Greek philosophers, Muslims and medieval Europeans argued passionately about the speed of light until Romer gave the first calculations and observations about the speed of light. Einstein's relativistic theory considered the properties of the speed of light to be the same as the speed of light. In the year 1629, Isaac Beckman conducted an experiment in which a photoreceptor emitted light from a cannon reflected from a 1.6 km distance but did not detect any delay. In the year 1638, Galileo Galilei proposed an experiment that may have been requested to be carried out a few hundred years earlier to measure the speed of light by observing the delay when opening and closing the cannon from a distance. He could not tell whether the light was moving instantly or not, but concluded that if the speed of light was limited, it had to be extremely fast. Galileo's experiment was carried out in a 1.6 km distance and he did not detect any delay. The actual delay of the experiment was about 11 microseconds and could not be detected by the naked eye. The first measurement of the speed of light was made by Romer in the year 1676 by observing the axis of the inner ring satellite, Io, the satellite of Jupiter. The result was that the light was moving at a very fast rate and the light had to take 22 minutes to get through the orbital path of the Earth. The astronomer Christian Huygens combined this method and the Earth orbital method to find the speed of light at 220,000 km per second, which was 26% lower than the actual value. The connection between the Earth and spacecraft is not instantaneous. There is a delay from the source to the object. This delay has a significant impact on the connection between the Unmanned Control Center and Apollo 8, when it is the first spacecraft to fly around the Moon. For each question, the commander on the ground has to wait at least three seconds for the connection between the Earth and the spacecraft to change from 5 to 20 minutes depending on the relative position between the two planets. The result is that if a robot operates on the surface of the spacecraft and encounters an object, the commander will not know this at least 5 minutes later or even 20 minutes later or longer and will need at least 5 to 20 minutes to detect the object on the way. NASA has to wait at least a few hours to receive information from the spacecraft. And if they need to adjust the orbit of the spacecraft, the signal it receives will also take some time and this creates a risk for controlling the spacecraft in deep space. For example, light and electromagnetic waves received from distant celestial sources must take a long time to reach the Earth. For example, light takes 12 billion years to go from the farthest planets to the Earth in Hubble's deep-space photography. These photos taken by the Hubble Space Telescope record images from planets 12 billion years ago but in reality, the farther the objects are, the younger they appear. Due to the limitation of the speed of light, astronomers study the evolution of stars, galaxies and 9 galaxies. Astronomical distances are often represented by light years, such as in public records or media. A year of light is the length of light or 0.3066 parsec. When rounded, a year of light is equal to 10 trillion kilometers. Proxima Centauri, the red planet closest to the Earth behind the sun, is about 4.2 light years away. Space is a natural experiment room that allows measuring light speed because it is a large space Astronomers estimate the time it takes for light to pass through some dim distances in the solar system, such as the average radius of the Earth's orbit. Historically, some measurements of the orbit's radius have yielded quite accurate results based on the longitude units defined in history. Usually, the results are represented by the AU unit per day. The AU unit is the approximate average distance from the Earth to the sun. It is not a basic unit in the SI system because the AU unit is defined by the actual distance. It is not a basis for flight time technology like in the SI system. Modern measurements of light speed according to the AU unit per day can be compared to the value of C in the SI system. Jackson Romer is the first person based on astronomical observations to measure light speed. When measured from the Earth, the orbital period of natural satellites orbiting a distant planet will be shorter when the distance from the Earth to that planet is closer, and the period will be longer when the planet is farther from the Earth. Observing the change in orbital period of natural satellites actually means that the orbital period between the shorter distance and the longer distance is longer. Romer has discovered this effect by measuring the orbital period of natural satellites orbiting a distant planet. The orbital period of natural satellites orbiting a distant planet is longer. Romer has discovered this effect by measuring the orbital period of natural satellites orbiting a distant planet. Romer has discovered this effect by measuring the orbital period of natural satellites like a star, with the speed of the observatory. A moving observatory will see the light emanating from another direction and the position of the source is shifted from the original position. Because the direction of the Earth's velocity vector changes continuously because it rotates itself, as well as rotates on the orbit around the sun. This effect is the cause of the position of the stars moving in a circle. From the largest angle of the position of the stars in the sky in about 20.5 seconds, we can calculate the speed of light according to the Earth's velocity vector on the orbit around the sun. But the length of a year has known, it is easy to calculate the time required for the light to pass from the sun to the Earth. In 1729, Bradley used this method to calculate the light to move faster than the Earth on the orbit 10,210 times. Modern calculation is 10,066 times faster, or equivalent. The light takes 8 minutes and 12 seconds to pass from the sun to the Earth. Today, the light time for the space unit, the gravitational value of C, is represented by the string on the celestial unit. By measuring the distance, we compare the time for radio signals to other spaceships in the solar system, and their positions can be calculated from attractive effects due to the influence of the sun and other planets. By combining these observations, we will obtain the most appropriate value for the light time on the space unit. In 1905, Einstein argued right from the start that the speed of light in the sky, measured by the speed of light, is independent of the movement of the light source or observer. Using this premise and relative principles as a basis, he established a relatively narrow theory, in which the speed of light in the sky, C, is considered a basic number, and also appears in equations that do not involve light. This theory gives the concept of the existent ether environment. In the Lorentz theory and developed by Poincaré, it does not have any value, and makes the science of space and time. Although the Earth is 40,075 km around the equator, if there is no current, the air dissipates and slows down the light a bit, a photon can fly around the equator 7.5 times in a second. In a new article published on Science Express on January 23, researchers at the University of Glasgow and the University of Heriot-Watt described how for the first time they slowed down photons in a vacuum environment. They proved that creating a mask to transmit light can slow down its speed. The research group compared a beam of light containing many photons with a group of people riding a bike instead of leading the group. Although the group still moves forward at the same time, as if there was only one person, in fact, the speed of each person riding a bike can change when they switch positions. Such a group makes it very difficult to determine a single speed for all bikers. The same thing happens with light. A single beam of light contains many photons, and scientists know that light is characterized by different velocities. The experiment of the research group was carried out like a test race, with two photons departing at the same distance to the destination. Researchers found that a photon reached its destination as expected, but the other photon passed the mask and arrived later. That means its velocity has been reduced. At a distance of one meter, the research group measured a slowdown of up to 20 steps. This proves that after letting light pass through a mask, photons move slower in space. This is very different from the speed of light decreasing when passing through water or crystal, because in that case, light will return to its original speed after leaving those environments. However, after passing through the mask and returning to space, the speed of light is still reduced. This reduction causes the maximum speed limit that photons can achieve. This research was carried out by a group of scientists from the University of Glasgow, led by Professor Maurice Patchett, working with physicists led by Stephen Barnett, with the cooperation of Daniel Fascio at the University of Heriot-Watt. If a spaceship flies at a speed close to the speed of light, it will be a suicide ship for the crew, and the nine ships will be destroyed. A article in the New Scientist magazine affirms this. According to the calculations of Professor William A. Edelstein at Johns Hopkins University, the culprit of this terrible incident was Hydro in outer space. A missile to penetrate the center of the Milky Way If it flies at a speed of 99.999998% light speed, it will take about 10 years. In every cubic meter of space between the planets, there are about two Hydro atoms. When the surface of the missile hits the Hydro, the impact force is up to 7 teraelectron volts. That energy is equivalent to the impact energy of protons in a large LHC accelerator. This is how the Hydro accelerates. In addition, the 10cm thick magnetic wall of the spacecraft keeps 1% of the launchers. So in a second, spacecraft passengers have to receive a launch intensity of 10,000 SIVERT. Such a high launch intensity also destroys the ship's structure and all the electronic equipment on it. Professor Edelstein argues that this is the reason why we can conclude that there can be no extraterrestrials visiting the Earth, no matter how high their level of technology is. In a recent study, physicist Eric Clance presented a theory that a missile can fly faster than light, that is, faster than 299,000 km per second. At this speed, astronauts can reach other planets in just a few years. Because of this, humans can conquer distant planets. With current missile technology, our spacecraft takes about 6,300 years to reach the nearest star, the closest to the sun. In the past, people used to talk about the concept of going fast, but it was usually based on theoretical systems that broke the laws of physics. That's because, according to Einstein's relatively broad theory, in terms of physics, nothing can go faster than the speed of light. Physicist Clance, a scientist at Göttingen University, Germany, says that going fast in his research is entirely possible within the scope of the laws of physics. Although other theories are based on the concept of extraterrestrials, such as negative energy, his theory solves this problem with a new hypothesis. Clance says he summarized his theory after analyzing the current studies and discovered shortcomings in previous studies on this issue. He believes solitons can go faster than light and create a direct plasma and ordinary electrons. Both of these concepts can be explained by ordinary physics and Einstein's relatively broad theory. Although this discovery shows that going fast is faster than light, it is still fundamentally in the ideological phase. Such a machine will require a huge amount of energy that modern technology still cannot provide, about 30 times the energy of modern nuclear reactors. Clance estimates that, fortunately, some previous studies have shown that energy-saving mechanisms can reduce the energy required to nearly 60 times. This prestigious physicist says he will focus on research to find a way to realize this technology. His research has taken going faster than light one step further than theoretical research in basic physics and closer to technical research. The next step is to find a way to transform the energy required to run such a machine into something that can be responded to by today's technologies, such as a modern nuclear power plant. What do you think about the above information? Leave your comments in the comment section below. Don't forget to subscribe to Radio Vũ Trụ to watch the latest videos.