NHỮNG MIỀN ĐẤT HỨA CỦA SỰ SỐNG NGOÀI HÀNH TINH | Khám Phá Vũ Trụ Mới Nhất

There are many planets in the universe, including planets that can live, even though they are identified as not like the Earth. Previously, researchers mainly looked for life in planets of the same size, mass, temperature, and atmospheric composition as the Earth. However, a new study shows that we should broaden our horizons in looking for life outside the planet. Methane may be the first sign of life outside the Earth. If it is found in the atmosphere of an ice planet, it exists in areas that can live. Not too hot, not too cold, so that the liquid exists on the surface of the planet, around a star, like the sun. According to a study published on March 28 in the magazine Presidings of the National Academy of Sciences, the amount of methane in the atmosphere may be a convincing sign of life in a suitable planet. Methane is an important gas in the atmosphere of the Earth. Unlike other biochemical structures like oxygen in the atmosphere, methane is one of the few gases that can be easily detected by James Webb's space telescope. The main author of the study, Maggie Thompson, at the University of California, Santa Cruz, USA, said, on Earth, most of the methane gas is caused by life. Most of the methane is caused by life. Clean air produces methane in dense areas, in rice fields, or in the intestines of large animals. Methane is also produced through human activities such as burning fossil fuels, coal, and oil. The rate of methane produced by biotechnology on Earth is very small. Researchers point out, first of all, there is nothing surprising about the way life on other planets creates methane. Even when life on other planets is completely different from life on Earth, the process of creating methane is a clear and easy exchange strategy for any life based on carbon with energy sources that can be found on other planets. Second, methane will not last long in the atmosphere of planets that can live if it is not continuously added. The source of the addition may be living organisms. On Earth, methane in the atmosphere is not stable, but there is a continuous addition created by biology. Third, it is very difficult for non-biological processes such as volcanoes to maintain methane addition without leaving a trace showing that methane gas is not created on the biological level. For example, a volcanic volcano will release carbon monoxide along with methane, but biological activity tends to contain carbon monoxide and reduce this concentration in its atmosphere. Therefore, non-biological processes cannot easily create methane in the atmosphere of planets rich in both methane and carbon dioxide like on Earth. 1. Hygiene planets A new study confirms that the Hygiene planets, the oceanic planets rich in hydrogen outside the solar system, are the promised land of life on Earth. In the new study, astronomers identified such an exoplanet, called the Hygiene planet. These exoplanets are 2.5 times larger than Earth and have a giant ocean under the hydrogen atmosphere. Hygiene planets seem to be extremely abundant throughout the Milky Way and may be the place where organisms live, similar to extremely hostile organisms Hygiene planets are among the most difficult conditions that cause most of life on Earth. Hygiene planets open up a whole new path in finding life elsewhere. The author, Nikhil Madhusudhan, from the Cambridge University of Astronomy in the UK, said that Hygiene planets are similar in size to super-Earths made up of rocks and super-Mars-shaped planets. Hygiene planets are the most common exoplanets in the Milky Way. The difference between Hygiene exoplanets is in the density between the super-Earths and the super-Mars. According to a new study published on August 25 in the journal Astronomy, Hygiene exoplanets are also very diverse. Some have extremely close orbits to the host star, while others have very far orbits and very little distance from the host star. However, the researchers emphasize that life can still exist in such diverse Hygiene planets, such as in the water area of the night side of the fixed planet near the host star. It's really interesting when living conditions can exist on planets that are very different from Earth. The researchers say In addition, Hygiene exoplanets seem to be a good place to look for potential biological characteristics, such as oxygen and methane. The search for life on Hygiene exoplanets could start soon. Scientists Madhusudan and his colleagues have identified some Hygiene worlds that have the same atmosphere that astrophysicists like James Webb can study. Those planets revolve around small red-meteorites, which are 35 to 150 light-years away from the Earth. A biological characteristic will change our understanding of life in space. We need to open up about where we are in life to find life and possible life forms, because nature constantly surprises us in ways we can't imagine. 2. Life in Hygiene exoplanets Scientists have found an element that shows the sign of life in the Hygiene exoplanet, and this discovery is called the most meaningful development in the search for life on Earth. On September 14, the scientists said they had found a phosphine element that showed that organisms could exist on the Hygiene exoplanet, and was a sign of life on Earth. The researchers did not discover any real life forms, but noted that on Earth, phosphine is produced by bacteria growing in low-oxygen environments. It is known that the Hygiene exoplanet was the first to discover phosphine on a metal star when using James Clerk Maxwell's telescope in Hawaii, and confirmed that when using the Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, ANMA, in Chile. The existence of life on Earth has long been an important question for scientists. Scientists have used astronomy and many tools to find biological signatures, biosignatures, the indirect signs of life on other planets in the solar system and beyond. With what we now know about metals, the most reasonable explanation for phosphine is life. Researchers at Cambridge University in the UK believe that signs of life outside the solar system can be detected within 2-3 years after changing their thinking about finding planets that can live. Phosphine is one of the most similar worlds on Earth in the solar system. This planet has a 24.5-hour day, and a series of hidden features that have been created by water throughout the history of the planet. The discovery of a lake below the polar ice cap and methane in the star system changes with the season and even all day long makes the star an interesting source of life. Methane is very important because the real impact of methane on the star is still unknown. Perhaps life has found a stable place with evidence that this planet used to have a much more peaceful environment. Today, the star has a very thin, dry atmosphere that is almost entirely carbon dioxide. This makes the star undergo many launches into the sky and into space. 4. Europa Europa was discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610 along with 3 other larger moons of the star. It is slightly smaller than the Earth's moon and orbits the star at a distance of about 670,000 km every 3.5 days. Europa is constantly being pushed and pulled by competing attractions of the star and other Galilean moons in a process called hydrothermalism. Europa is believed to have a world that operates on the surface of the earth like the Earth because the hydrothermal pressure heats the metal part of the stone inside and makes it partially hot. The surface of Europa is a large area of water ice. This ice creates an ocean on the entire planet. The evidence for this ocean is the surface of the ice. The weak magnetic field and the chaotic geography on the surface may have been distorted by the undercurrents. This white ice shielded the ocean from the extreme cold and pressure of space as well as the massive landslides of the star. In this ocean, scientists imagine that they can find hot springs and volcanoes. On Earth, such characteristics often support very rich and diverse ecosystems. 6. Enceladus Like Europa, Enceladus is a floating moon with an ocean of water under its surface. Enceladus orbits the star and for the first time scientists noticed how large the water surface near the south pole of the planet could be after discovering it. The water particles come out from the large water spots on the surface and, due to Enceladus' weak magnetic field, the water spills out of space. They are clear evidence of a water reservoir underground. This small silicate ice shield can only form if water under the ocean touches the ice under the ocean at a temperature of at least 90°C. This is a strong evidence of the existence of hot springs under the ocean that provide the necessary chemicals for life and energy sources. Enceladus contains a thick orange layer of complex organic molecules and some weather systems that make methane water-soluble with seasonal rains, dry seasons and sand due to wind on the surface. Enceladus mainly contains nitre, an important chemical element that produces proteins that can be found in lakes and lakes of liquid methane and ethane, and can be found in ice volcanoes as a kind of volatile volcano like water, ammonia or methane instead of lime. This shows that Titan, which is the largest planet in the universe, contains a lot of water and a lot of oxygen to keep the water cool. However, the volatile chemicals available on Titan have led to speculations that living organisms may be able to create life on Titan. A study led by the astronomer Nicole Sanchez from the University of Bern, Switzerland shows that the mysterious planet around TOI-2257 is completely in the orbit of the mother star, can have water in a low state called TOI-2257b. After detecting it from data from NASA's TESS satellite, scientists have used more data from some celestial bodies and obtained quite a lot of interesting data about the world. According to SciNews, its mother star is a red dwarf that is much cooler than the sun. Therefore, TOI-2257b's short orbit accidentally makes it lie in the orbit of the mother star, receiving enough energy to be able to have water in a low state. However, there are also some problems. That is, a planet with high atmospheric pressure is not good for life. The temperature of the atmosphere can be very intense, sometimes down to 80 degrees Celsius, sometimes up to 100 degrees Celsius. Of course, that's the average, and some areas on the planet will keep the temperature more friendly. To know if it can live or not, scientists will have to wait for a long time to find out. 9. Kepler-62f The planet named Kepler-62f is located 1,200 light-years away from the Earth, has enough conditions for life to develop. It is known that this planet is about 40% larger than Earth and has a smaller star around it with a lower temperature than the Sun. Kepler-62f was discovered in 2013 by the Kepler Space Telescope. However, at this time, researchers do not have much information about it. Only after a group of researchers from the University of California-Los Angeles-UCLA and Washington used a computer simulation of the Kepler-62f, they found that it could live. Aomawa Shields, a researcher at the University of California-Los Angeles, shared that he had discovered a lot of oxygen that allowed the planet to warm up enough for water to exist on the surface. This made Kepler-62f a heavy candidate for the group of planets that could live. Kepler-62f's atmosphere and its orbital shape allowed researchers to determine whether the planet could live. Aomawa Shields said that because it is quite far away, Kepler-62f's atmosphere could be 12 times thicker than Earth's atmosphere. The carbon-dioxide concentration of Kepler-62f could be as high as 2,500 times. Kepler-62f could be a perfect place for life if the atmosphere was 3 to 5 times thicker than Earth's atmosphere and contained all of the carbon-dioxide. These conditions would ensure the effect of the shield and allow the planet to warm up enough for water to exist on the surface of the planet. Kepler-62f could also contain oxygen in the future. 10. Moon Earth For the first time, scientists have successfully planted seeds on the moon dust collected by NASA astronauts in the Apollo mission. Researchers from the University of Florida want to find out which trees were planted on the moon dust for the next generation of explorers. The results are surprising. Robert Furr, a researcher at the University of Florida's Institute of Agriculture and Food Science and a colleague, said that all the seeds were planted. However, after the first week, the seeds began to grow slower than the young trees that grew on the fake moon. Most of the young trees were planted. The research team reported the results in the magazine Communications Biology on May 12. The Earth is drying under the atmosphere and has been exposed to these factors for billions of years compared to other models due to the ancient surface in the Sea of Tranquility area. According to the research team, the moon dust contains many tiny crystals from numerous collisions with small stars. A solution is to use low-temperature geological sites such as Mars or Jupiter to change the composition of nutrients or artificial light. Only 382 kg of moon dust was brought back to Earth through six Apollo missions. Much of it was sealed forcing researchers to experiment with fake soil in May 2021. According to NASA, this experiment is very suitable because they are looking for a way to bring astronauts back to the moon in the next few years. The ideal case is that astronauts can explore the source of unlimited lunar soil to plant trees in the house. What do you think about the above information? Leave your comments below. Don't forget to subscribe to Radio Vũ Trụ to watch the latest videos.