Chiếc lá cuối cùng - Ngữ văn 8 - Cô Phạm Lan Anh (DỄ HIỂU NHẤT)

Avizak 2,000 free lessons are continuously updated and updated Welcome to Vietnam on Avizak Hello everyone I am very happy to see you again in today's lesson You can observe on my table and let me know what the following images symbolize and in which country In the first picture, we see that this is the Statue of Liberty The second picture is a double image And the third picture is a white house symbolizing power And these three pictures all refer to us about the United States, right? And based on the knowledge learned in the history of the 8th grade history program Please give me some tips about the United States in the early 20th century Ah, let's take a look at the following pictures We see that the United States after World War I entered the golden age and became the number one economic and financial center of the world With a lot of changes, bustle, or large farms or architectural images all make up the characteristics and show the development of the United States at that time But next to those far-flung cities in a small city in the United States, Washington there are streets for poor people, poor artists and they are struggling to find their authentic art So how are those arts shown in the work of a famous American artist That is the artist O'Henry Today, we will learn together in the last page of O'Henry's work In this lesson, we will learn in turn according to 4 sections Part 1, reading and understanding Part 2, understanding the details Part 3, summary And finally, practice And right after this, we will move on to Part 1, reading and understanding About the artist O'Henry, you will rely on knowledge provided in the textbook as well as your knowledge and provide you with information about the artist in the next lesson Are you done with the lesson? So we can summarize some of the characteristics of the artist O'Henry as follows He was born in 1862, died in 1910 and is an American writer who specializes in short stories Next, you need to remember He is famous for his works that have a surprising ending mixed with humor, humor, and an emotional tone when writing about the poor workers the people living at the bottom of a rich society And you also know that the greatest honor of O'Henry is that after he passed away in 1918 the American Academy of Arts and Sciences took his name to make an award for the best short stories of the year And you can learn more about the life of O'Henry to understand the value of his works He loved his parents when he was only 3 years old and he didn't study much but with his intelligence and curiosity he wrote works that later became masterpieces Finally, you can write this for her that his story is full of high humanitarian spirit which is true to his personality a man full of love Next, you can tell her about his main works such as Leaves, Arrangement, or Story of the Last Leaf or Gift from the Thong Thai In today's lesson, we will learn about one of the best short stories of O'Henry which is Story of the Last Leaf About the story of the last leaf, we know that the story that we learned is in the same name of the author O'Henry and is in the last part About the location, the last part is a successful short story in a picture about the reality of America As for the expression method, it is the combination of the methods of self-description and discussion Finally, we will move on to the third part The third part is to read the title to see the content and values of this version You need to pay attention to the parts when we read about the voice of Sue or Jonesy or Sue Jonesy's voice to show the character's personality as well as to show the unexpected situations at the end of the story Now, let's take a look at the textbook page 86 to read the version The Last Leaf Sue and Jonesy are two poor female painters who are still young and live in a rented apartment near Washington Park Uncle Berman is also a poor painter who rents a room downstairs For 40 years, Uncle Berman has dreamed of drawing a masterpiece but has not been able to do it Uncle Berman often sits down to draw for painters to make money At that time, in the winter, Jonesy had lung disease The disease made her desperate and did not want to live anymore She counted every remaining leaf on the tree in spring and stuck it on the brick wall opposite the window Waiting for the last leaf to fall, she also cried When the two of them went upstairs, Jonesy was sleeping Sue pulled a thin blanket down to cover the window and signaled for Uncle Berman to come to the side When they got there, they looked out of the window looking at the spring tree Then they looked at each other for a while, not saying anything A cold rain was still falling mixed with snow Uncle Berman wore an old green shirt sitting on his shoulder, holding his old shirt on a wet, wet tree pretending to be a stone The next morning, Sue woke up After blinking for an hour she saw Jonesy opening his eyes wide looking at the thin, green blanket that had fallen Pull it up, I want to see She sighed Sue did it in a boring way But oh dear After the heavy rain and the strong winds lasted all night seemingly never ending there was still a spring leaf on the brick wall That was the last leaf on the tree Near the leaf, it was still green but with the leaf-shaped branch that had turned yellow the leaf was still brave hanging on the branch 20 steps away from the ground That was the last leaf Jonesy said I just thought it was certain last night, it was used I heard the wind blow Today it will be used At that moment, I will die My dear, my dear Sue said, with her face shrugged close to the pillow Please think of me If you don't want to think of me anymore what will you do? But Jonesy didn't answer The loneliest thing in the world was a soul getting ready for a journey away from her secret When the winding strings tied her to her friend With time passing by gradually, that thought seemed to be taking her mind more strongly That day passed and even in the sunset they could still see a single spring leaf hanging on its branch on the wall Then, with the night falling the wind blew again while the rain still hit the window and fell down from the low, Dutch-style roof When the sky was just bright Jonesy, the cruel person ordered to pull the branch up The spring leaf was still there Jonesy looked at the leaf for a long time then she called Sue who was stir-frying chicken porridge on the stove I'm such a bad girl my dear Sue Jonesy said, there was something something that made the last leaf still there to show me how bad I was wanting to die is a sin Now, can you give me some porridge and a little milk and a little red wine and wait, give me a glass of ice and put some pillows around me so I can sit up and watch you cook One hour later she said, my dear Sue one day I hope to be able to draw Naples The doctor came and when he left Sue hurried out of the corridor It was 5 minutes past 10 The doctor said she took Sue's hand and shook it in a thoughtful way, she would win and now I have to go downstairs to visit another patient This is Berman, he seems to be an artist but he is also a pervert He is a weak old man with a critical condition there is no hope I will go to the hospital to be taken care of more The next day, the doctor told Sue She is no longer in danger I won, now I just have to take care of her and take care of her That's all And that afternoon, Sue came to my bed and saw that I was happy playing a very useless green linen scarf I hugged Sue and the pillows I have something to tell you She said Mr. Berman died of pneumonia today at the hospital He was only 2 days old On the first morning I saw him lying heavily in his room downstairs His shoes and pants were wet and cold No one could imagine where he was in such a terrible night But then people found a candle still lit and a coal that had been pulled out of its place and a few hair fell all over the place and a colorful board with green and yellow mixed together And my dear look out the window look at the last spring leaf on the wall I wonder why it never shakes or moves when the wind blows Oh, my dear Mr. Berman he wrote it there on the night the last leaf fell So our story has read the last leaf There are some words that you need to pay attention to For example, number 6 is Naples You can observe here to see the image of Naples This is a beautiful place famous on the Italian coast It is a very special piece of art The Naples is the dream of my young age Because I am a painter I always dream of discovering beautiful places and painting them according to the image I can observe Next, the image of the spring is a kind of tree hanging on the wall This is the main pair in the novel After reading the novel we will summarize the novel according to the following main points First, we can see the first thing that happens is the character a painter in the novel mentioned is Josie She has a stroke and she is very desperate Secondly, Josie believes that when the last spring leaf falls, it is also the time for her to leave the world Thirdly, Sue and Uncle Berman are very worried about Josie's health and Uncle Berman drew the last leaf on a snowy night Finally, Josie recovered and Uncle Berman died of pneumonia So after summarizing this version, we will divide it into 4 parts The first part will be divided into 3 parts The first part from the beginning to the end This part is about Josie's despair The second part is the next part to the end The next day, the doctor told Sue She is out of danger She has won Now all she has to do is to take care of her This part is about Josie's resurrection The third part is the rest of Uncle Berman's silence and sorrow Based on the previous part, we will go through the content of the version according to the main characters as well as the images mentioned in the version Then we will move on to the second part to find out the details In this second part, let's find out how the background is built in this story First of all, we see that the character we live in is a dilapidated apartment near Washington Park The specific time is November At this time, the winter sky is extremely foggy Especially if you read the whole story, we will see the beginning of the version The author O'Henry knows that in November, the guesthouse has never seen a cold face that the doctor called The guesthouse is located in the painter's area Occasionally, with your cold hands touching someone Throughout the winter, the guesthouse has taken dozens of steps But when passing through the alleys and the busy alleys, the guesthouse steps away In that situation, the will or strength of the believer has been exposed and the three main characters in this story are Jonesy, Sioux, and Cooperman They are poor painters who are colleagues but they are also in the same situation They are hungry, they are poor, and they are pursuing authentic art but they are not successful So, how are the characters in the work represented? Let's move on to the next part First of all, we will find out a little bit of Jonesy's mood Please observe the following pictures as well as the knowledge you have learned at home about Jonesy's situation in the story We can see that about his living situation Jonesy is depicted as a poor painter living in a guesthouse with his friend Sioux He is facing an infectious disease It is said that the disease has touched our poor girl At that time, there was no medicine and it was difficult for the poor people to get over it if they did not have the will At that time, not only the poor people surrounded her but she also had to face the loss of faith the loss of hope in her life In such a difficult and tough situation, let's find out how Jonesy's mood is represented First of all, we can see that her mood is experienced in three stages So, how specific are those stages? Let's find it out in the textbook At the beginning of the textbook, we can see that the character Jonesy is introduced in the situation that she is suffering from an infectious disease and has no money to buy medicine In that situation, she is losing hope in her life and when she knows that she is sick, she only knows disappointment, despair and regret for everyone's care Even for Sioux, a close friend, a sister, she trusts her so much She has nothing to make her lose her life And there is a sentence in the textbook that we can see that the loneliest thing in the world is a soul that is getting ready for her secret journey when the ties that bind her with her friends are slowly loosening her mind stronger This sentence has shown us Jonesy's despair in the moment when she knows she is sick and she is trying to pull her life into something If you read the next paragraph, we will see that Jonesy ... There are 3 main reasons, so I will list them for you. What are those reasons? First, the reason that helps the zonci to recover. I have to mention the image of the original wall of the last spring leaf, right? Because right in the middle of the night, the wind was blowing, the rain was heavy, and everything seemed to be swept away from that snowstorm. But the leaf was still there, with the greenish color, with the gray teeth, and the yellow stem. It was the leaf that gave the zonci more strength and vitality, and it was completely opposed to my weakness. And I saw that if the leaf could be so strong, then why could I want to die? And then I realized that wanting to die is a sin, right? The second thing that we can point out is the love of Siu for zonci. Siu is a close sister to zonci, and she always cares about taking care of zonci, inviting the doctor to visit the clinic regularly, cooking delicious food for zonci, motivating zonci with words of love, such as, please think of me, if you don't want to think of me anymore, what will you do? These are very emotional words, right? And besides the character Siu, we can't help but mention another character who has helped and saved zonci from life and death. That is the character of Grandpa Birdman. The sacrifice of Grandpa Birdman helped zonci return to life. And one last detail I need to note for you is that when listening to the death of Grandpa Birdman, the author did not show the meaning or thought of zonci's actions, but only a silence, right? So that silence is like a silence in zonci's soul, and it is also a line of thought to reveal to the reader. The reader can forgive, can imagine, and can sympathize with zonci about the thoughts, about the synchronicity in the soul. And this is also one of the unique artistic details that make up the work of Oh Henry. As you can see, besides the character zonci, the author has inspired those who are in need of strength in life. And we also see that in this life, there are many unfortunate moments and difficult situations in life, not only in terms of substance, but also in terms of spirit. But they tried to overcome and overcome everything. And we should know that live to love, to be optimistic, to overcome difficulties, and to have faith in love in this life, then we will overcome everything. That is the message that the author wants to send to us through the character zonci. So what message does the author want to send to zonci? We will move on to the next part, the two children learn about the character zonci. In the second part, we will learn about the love of the character zonci. The children will find out the details that show the love of zonci and step into the textbook to help her. We can clearly see that the character zonci has a special feeling for zonci. And she sees zonci as her own sister with care, kindness, care, and care. First of all, she cares about taking care of zonci when zonci feels most desperate. What are the words of zonci that she can see clearly? Ah! My dear! If you don't think of me, think of me. What will you do if I think so? What will you do? Because for siu, if zonci dies, she will lose half her life. And her life will become meaningless. And right at the beginning of the textbook, when what? Ah! When she peeked out of the window to look at the spring tree, and there were only two leaves on the tree, siu looked at zonci and didn't know what to say. Right? The sentence, I don't know what to say, it's like a thought, a confusion in siu's mind, because she was so worried about zonci's health. And she just hoped that the spring leaf would be there forever. At the same time, that's the fear. Fear because if the spring leaf is used up, then her zonci brother will gradually lose his life. Then she was extremely worried when every time zonci asked me to pull up the sheet, and when the spring leaf was still not used, she pulled it up. But oh dear! Right? But oh dear! After the heavy rain, the strong winds that lasted all night, there was still a thin, monotonous leaf against that storm. And more specifically, we see that the details that the author described because of zonci's unnecessary care, such as mixing milk, cooking porridge, or inviting the doctor to take care of siu, all show zonci's care for siu. They all show the love of a person in a society, a way of poverty, hunger, to take care of them, but the love of people still shines, right? And finally, the details that she was surprised, happy, when the spring leaf was not used, also made up the value of this work. And we see that in the text, the character zonci is described with a very gentle tone, and it's like a cool breeze blowing into the soul of the reader to see the stubbornness, the unnecessary love of the character siu. And at the same time, we also see that the character siu is a very delicate girl, right? Because when she knows about the old man, the old man is the one who sacrificed himself to save zonci. But did she tell zonci right away? Ah, siu didn't say right away, but she waited until a few days, until siu's health got better, then she came to me and gently, gently, told me all about the birth of that brave leaf, about the father of that leaf, how he had to sacrifice, how he had to resist, and how he died, right? And for the reader, we can see very clearly that the character siu shows a very noble human love in today's society. Speaking of the character siu, there are some questions that you need to pay attention to. The first question is, according to you, did siu know in advance that the old man had drawn that leaf? Ah, with this question, I believe you will all be able to answer. That is, what is it? Siu did not know that the old man had drawn the leaf because we can see the state of worry, fear, and then the fear still haunted her until she knew the truth through the words of the character doctor, right? And the second question is, according to you, if siu knew in advance that the old man had drawn the leaf, would the story be more interesting or not? With this question, we will answer, that is, the story will be less interesting because the reader and siu will not be surprised and will not understand the state of worry, deep human love of the character siu. And finally, you can conclude for her about the character siu, that is, a generous sister, rich in love, wholeheartedly with you. At the same time, she also shows the sense of surrender, convincing, loving to the character of the old man, an old painter who spent his whole life looking for art. And finally, at the end of his life, he also made a masterpiece. So, how is the character of that old painter depicted? Let's move on to part 3, the old man and the masterpiece, the last leaf. When we understand the character of the old man, we can see clearly about his life, his life is also depicted through a few details at the beginning of the textbook. What is it? Ah, the old man had a poor life, was an unnamed poor painter, beyond 60 years old. What about the appearance? Ah, small body, curly hair, handsome, right? At the same time, he also had to make a living by making drawings for young painters. This poor painter, he always lived in poverty, borrowed wine to make money. But what about his personality? Very hot. And, but deep inside, next to this hot personality, hidden in the river, inside the man, what is he? Kind-hearted and full of love. His dream of painting is to draw a masterpiece that has not yet been realized. And he considers himself a failure in art. From there, we can also see that the character of the old man is introduced as an old man, old, weak, lonely, failure in his career. Besides that situation, besides that person, the love of the old man has been shown very clearly in the face-to-face situation with the weakness of the character Zhong Xi. So, let's find out the details to see the loving heart of the old man for Zhong Xi. First of all, we see that when he came to visit, when he knew that Zhong Xi was sick, he came to visit Zhong Xi and looked at Xiu with what? He looked at him and didn't know what to say. Right? Because when he saw the leaves in full bloom, because Xiu told the old man about the story that he said when the leaves in full bloom fell down, he also died. And here, the author did not tell more about the action of the old man who turned on the light in the last pages to create a surprise for the reader as well as to show the art in the story. And after visiting Zhong Xi, we see that the old man made a very special decision , right? What is it? He drew a leaf to replace the last leaf. At the right time, the rain fell in the cold, cold, foggy, he drew that last leaf hoping to save Zhong Xi, right? So that dream, that action of the old man has become real or not? We can see very clearly when learning about Zhong Xi, it was because of that drawing that Zhong Xi found his will to live, right? So, according to you, the above details, what do you think the old man was like? Ah, we can see very clearly that the old man, although he was seriously ill and died after 2 days, but through that, we can see the noble sacrifice of the old man and forgetting himself for others. This is also the humanitarian heart that O'Henry wants to show in his works. In that early situation, it didn't make the old man feel disappointed, but in him, he still instilled the feelings of love for everyone. So, what details did the old man's love for Zhong Xi show? Please find it in the textbook and answer it for me. First of all, we can see clearly that the old man's love was clearly shown when he came to visit Zhong Xi, right? Because the old man saw clearly that when Sister Xiu told him about the story of Zhong Xi's brother who was very desperate and was waiting for his fragile life in the spring leaves, the old man came to visit Zhong Xi and looked at Xiu and didn't know what to say. In the old man's mind at that time, O'Henry had thoughts and decisions that the old man didn't say, but had to wait until the last minute for the author to reveal, right? Besides that, we also see that for the old man, these two poor painters were very close to the old man. Sometimes, the old man thought he was a big dog who was specialized in closing doors, painting two young painters in the upper drawing room, right? And after the night when he came to visit Zhong Xi, we can see that the old man made a decision, which was to draw the last leaf in place of the spring leaf on the other wall. And the situation of the old man was also very special. It was a rainy, snowy night with a very beautiful hope to save Zhong Xi's life. So, through the emotions, the heart of the old man for Zhong Xi, you can see how the old man was like. We can see that the old man drew the leaf in a secret way in a heavy rain to save Zhong Xi's life. And because of that rainy night, the old man died of pneumonia, pneumonia. The artist used art as a way to hide his work. At the same time, art reversed the situation for the second time, right? If in the first situation, Zhong Xi was in despair and was looking for death, he came back to life with power and energy. Here, the old man from a healthy person had to die of pneumonia. I will emphasize again about the art of the story. From here, we can see how the old man had a kind heart, very kind, loving, and had a high sacrifice for authentic art, for beauty, and also to save the life of a young girl who was in great despair. And here, through this old man, Mr. and Mrs. Henry sent the humanitarian value that the old man wanted to send to the reader, right? And through the character of the old man, we can't help but mention a masterpiece that made the old man's name. Finally, the old man also built a masterpiece of his life that everyone remembers. It is The Last Leaf. So, what do you think? How can it be considered a masterpiece? Ah, in the textbook, it also explains to us that it is a very special work of art. In the world, we also see works of art that bring high values and high arts, bringing joy and pleasure to the reader, like pictures, songs, right? However, why is The Last Leaf, a drawing of only one leaf, of the old man, considered a masterpiece? Why is that, everyone? Ah, I sent you 4 reasons to consider The Last Leaf a masterpiece. Please think and answer for me. First of all, The Last Leaf is considered a masterpiece because this leaf is drawn as if it were real, right? It looks like this greenish color, like the leaves in the shape of a sharp razor, with a yellowish color. Even artists like Sioux and Rossi did not realize that this was a drawing that they thought was real. And next, the second picture, what is the second meaning? Who did this leaf save? It saved Rossi. This leaf is not simply drawn with colored pencils, but it is drawn with the love and sacrifice of the drawing's father, the old man. And finally, you can see that the drawing is drawn in a very special environment, a rainy night, a snowstorm, right? It makes everything in front of that harsh environment. But the old man, with his love, won everything and completed the last work of his life. And it was that picture, that drawing that took away the old man's life to make an authentic artwork. And here, we can also see the message from that drawing. What is it? When you sacrifice for the life of a human, that sacrifice does not become meaningless, but it will leave an impression that everyone will remember and remember forever, right? Next, what is the message about art? What is art? An authentic work when it sticks to life, for the life of a human. Art for humanity, right? Art is not something far away, it is not something that people cannot reach. Or art for art, these views have been rejected for a long time. Instead, it is the view of art for humanity. At the same time, what is another view of authentic artists? An authentic artist does not have to look for faraway things in life, but has to care about the life of a human. And it is this message that the artist Oh Henry sent to the reader. And one more detail that you need to pay attention to when learning about this work is the title of the version. Why did the artist name the version as The Last Leaf and not another name? So that name also has certain artistic values. You can pay attention and think about it. Who left this last leaf? Oh, it's the work of Mr. Berman. So what is the second meaning? That leaf is called the end of reality. But in the story, it is a way to bring life back to humans. And specifically here, it brings life back to the character Jonesy. And the third, the last leaf has become an art that is surprising, unique, meaningful, humane, extremely profound. Next, as I just said, the art in this story is the art of reverse situation. So how many times has that situation been reversed? Oh, it's twice. The first situation is what? Jonesy from a girl who is sick. A chronic illness that can't be cured, and the second situation is also reversed. What is that? Mr. Berman is healthy because he wants to save Jonesy who is sick, and Mr. Berman has sacrificed. And from here, we can clearly see the value of the artist building art to reverse the situation. How many times? Oh, it's twice. What does that mean? Art has saved people. It has saved people. And what? Sometimes you want to save the artist, but you have to sacrifice your whole life in order to create valuable works. At the same time, for the reader, this reverse situation has created a surprise and a memory for the reader, right? At the same time, the opposite seems like a contradiction, but it makes sense. Why? The sacrifice of Mr. Berman is not a coincidence. It's not because he wants to have a masterpiece that he sacrificed. Why? Because of the love for Mr. Berman. You can see that Mr. Berman's love shines because of the word human love. Without human love, Mr. Berman can't live. And without human love, Mr. Berman can't leave a masterpiece. Finally, let's move on to the content. We can see that the story is about the high love of poor people. The second content is the power of love that defeated the disease. And the third content is the power of the value of human life, the value of money, of authentic art. We can't not mention the art of building against the situation. In terms of meaning, we can see that the story not only builds a good friend in the morning, but also builds on the meaning of human life, love, helping people around. If in the works such as Leaves, Old Seeds, or In Mom's Heart, we can see the mother's love for her child, the father's love for his child, in the last leaf, we can see the love of strangers who don't share the same blood, but they have the same love and are willing to sacrifice their lives to help each other. So, in addition to the story about the last leaf, the author wants to send the value of human love to humans and reminds us not to be naive, but to love, care, share, help each other. Next, we will go to part 4 of the practice. By the way, you will participate in a game called practice to become a master. And with each question answered correctly, you will get a point in Do Do's net. I will answer the questions right after this. The first question So with this question, what do you think? If you choose the answer D, congratulations, you have given the correct answer. Next, we will answer the second question. So with this question, which answer will we choose? We will give the answer A. Congratulations, you have given the correct answer. Question number 3 B. It is a noble and beautiful act. C. Proves that art must be humane. D. The leaf will live forever in the reader's heart. Question number 2 And with this question, which answer will we choose? If you choose the answer C, it will be a wrong answer. And the correct answer is A. Congratulations, you have given the correct answer. Next, we will answer the third question. So with this question, which answer will we choose? We will choose the answer number 3. What is the meaning of the dead of the old man with art? A. Proves that art must be artistic. B. It is a noble and beautiful act. C. Proves that art must be humane. D. The leaf will live forever in the reader's heart. This knowledge is useful when we talk about the meaning of the leaf. Question number 4 Through the story, how do you understand that an art piece is considered a masterpiece? A. That piece must be very beautiful. B. That piece must be beautiful and useful for life. C. That piece must be very unique. D. That piece must be a masterpiece. With this question, we will definitely exclude the three answers A, C and D. The correct answer is B. Question number 5, number 6. Which comment is the most correct about the old man's son? A. He is a loving and caring person for his fate. D. He is a noble who knows how to take care of others. C. He is a quiet and silent person. D. All three above are correct. With this question, we will definitely choose the answer Congratulations! You have given the correct answer And one more exercise to help you strengthen your learning Let's observe and answer the following questions I have an opinion that the story of the last leaf is a green message. According to you, what is that message? You can observe for me In this story, there is a question that is What message does the author want to send? So the word What does the green message lead you to think of? Ah, green is the color of faith, of hope. So the message that the author wants to send in the story of the last leaf in the whole story I have already mentioned And in this question, you will draw out the lessons to answer this question And I see very clearly The first message I send is a message about the difference between people who are poor in society The second message is a message about the strength of authentic art And the third message is a message about the value of faith, about the desire for life of people And it is these messages that give life to the last leaf so that everyone when they read it feel brave, love love the character in the story as well as see the high faith the life of Jonesy become more meaningful so that everyone who is falling into the same situation as Jonesy will recognize and will continue to be more steadfast on their path Because in our life it is not always flat but there will always be small bumps or obstacles But we do not lose faith lose hope but turn to the light and think that somewhere there are people following, supporting, caring for us And our lesson is over I hope that you will learn the lesson memorize the lesson fully and answer the questions in the textbook Goodbye and see you in the next lesson