Vì Sao Không Có Giải Nobel Toán Học?

Why is there no Nobel Prize for Mathematics? The Nobel Prize is an annual prize awarded since 1901 to honor the important contributions of scientists in many fields including medicine, physics, chemistry, peace and diplomacy. However, in the list of awards, there is no Nobel Prize for Mathematics, an area that is also very important. This raises questions for many people and with it is a series of hypotheses. Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born in 1833. He died in 1896. He was a scientist, engineer, inventor, businessman and philanthropist from Sweden. At birth, Nobel was often criticized for taking advantage of production and selling explosives. In 1895, Nobel left a will authorizing him to give 94% of his property to the Nobel Prize. Today, Nobel Prizes are awarded including the Nobel Prize for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Medicine, the Nobel Prize for Literature, Peace and Economics. However, the Nobel Prize for Economics is not one of the five Nobel Prizes awarded in the wish of Alfred Nobel in 1895. This prize is officially called the Prize of the Swedish Bank for Economic Science to commemorate Nobel. As its official title shows, this is a prize awarded and sponsored by the Swedish Bank starting in 1968 to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the establishment of the bank and also to commemorate Nobel. When it comes to the reason why there is no Nobel Prize for Economics, many people still talk about the story that Nobel decided not to establish the Nobel Prize for Economics because a woman, maybe a lover or an unmarried wife, left him to follow a famous mathematician Gustav Mittag Lefler. However, so far there is no evidence to support this. Also related to the mathematician Gustav Mittag Lefler, there is another version that this mathematician does not favor Alfred Nobel and he was an excellent mathematician at that time. If there is a Nobel Prize for Economics, Gustav Mittag Lefler is likely to win the prize. However, at that time there were two mathematicians who were even better than Mittag Lefler, namely Poincaré and Hilbert, so in fact the possibility of winning the Nobel Prize for Economics at that time was not high. Another hypothesis is that there was a famous mathematical prize at that time and if Alfred Nobel established another prize, he would have to compete with this prize. Another hypothesis is that the absence of the Nobel Prize for Economics is because Nobel thought that mathematics was a tool for other natural sciences, not directly creating applications such as physics, chemistry, biology or the immediate impact on mental health and human health such as medicine and biology. The most reasonable hypothesis to explain why Alfred Nobel did not choose mathematics as a field of study is because he was not interested in this field and did not feel the benefit of giving prizes for mathematics contributions. Meanwhile, the Nobel Prize was created to honor those who contributed greatly to the fields of interest and clearly understood the benefits for humans such as physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. Nobel has many separate projects on physics and chemistry, and is a passionate literature lover right now. He also sees the benefits of medical advances. The Nobel Peace Prize is said to be the first Nobel Prize to be awarded by a Nobel Prize winner in 1903. The Nobel Peace Prize also helps the Nobel Prize to remove some of the bad names such as the dead man. But without the Nobel Prize for Mathematics, it does not mean that mathematicians do not get the Nobel Prize. Here are some examples. In 1998, the Nobel Prize was awarded to John Popper and Walter Kohn, who were mathematicians and were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Before that, in 1994, John Ash also received the Nobel Peace Prize for his achievements in mathematics. And in 2010, Robert J. Ormond, a mathematician from Thailand, also received the Nobel Peace Prize along with Thomas C. Schelling for his research on conflict and cooperation which is also part of mathematics. In addition, mathematicians also receive different awards such as the Fields Medal, the Abel Prize, and the Chern Medal. In fact, many people see the Fields Prize as a replacement for the Nobel Prize for Mathematics. However, this view is not accurate because the Fields Prize is awarded 4 years at a time while the Nobel Prize is awarded once a year. The prize of the Fields Prize is only $15,000 compared to the Nobel Prize, which is $1 million. And the Fields Prize is usually not awarded for a single excellent research achievement but for an entire excellent research process. Of course, the Fields Prize is still an extremely prestigious prize for mathematics, but to be more precise, the Abel-Giovannoui Prize, with a prize of nearly $1 million and a winner chosen by 5 world-renowned mathematicians, is equivalent to the Nobel Prize. Thank you for watching the video at Nguyen Thanh Cong channel. Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and watch more videos to support the group.