【戴高樂號航空母艦】除美國外唯一擁有核動力的航母，法國戴高樂號航母實力如何？|法國戴高樂號航空母艦：獨樹一幟的法國航母發展之路

As we all know , after the gradual integration of Europe and the development path of the European Union, the three major powers of Britain , France, and Germany have become the three giants of Europe . However, with the development of the international situation, they are not as good as the United Kingdom in international relations , and their economic strength is not as good as that of Germany . Faced with such a situation, France I realize that I have to find a way out and become independent , especially in the military field. The French aircraft carrier development path can be said to be unique. It has always built its own aircraft carrier according to its own military thinking , understanding of aircraft carriers, and understanding of ocean-going navy. So today , let's take a look France's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is also the only nuclear-powered aircraft carrier in the world that is not under the US Navy. The Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier is the tenth aircraft carrier in the history of France. It is named after the famous French military generals and Statesman Charles de Gaulle Beginning in the late 1970s, the French Navy began planning a new nuclear-powered aircraft carrier to replace the two Clemenceau-class aircraft carriers commissioned in 1963 . Affected by this, the French Navy proposed a 20,000-ton light nuclear-powered aircraft carrier program called PA-75 in 1975, but as soon as this program was proposed , it was proposed to develop a large-deck traditional take-off and landing aircraft carrier. People fiercely criticized the French new generation of nuclear aircraft carriers, which finally adopted the traditional take-off and landing design after many consultations and revisions. In 1980, the French Navy formally established the policy of building nuclear- powered aircraft carriers . It is the maximum limit that the French Navy can afford. At first, the aircraft carrier was planned to be named after the famous Archbishop Richelieu in French history. It was not until February 1986 that the French Minister of Defense signed the order for the construction of the ship. With the assistance of the French armament and technical department and the French Atomic Energy Commission, the French Bureau of Shipbuilding finally completed the design of the Charles de Gaulle and on November 24, 1987. The first steel plate of Charles de Gaulle was cut . The keel was placed in April 1989. Assembly began in the dock . Well, the Charles de Gaulle adopts an all-through angled flight deck , and the island on the starboard side of the hull is an overhanging building. These features are typical of the modern traditional take-off and landing aircraft carrier design. At the beginning of the completion of the Charles de Gaulle , the flight deck was 264 meters long and 64.36 meters wide. The total area is 12,000 square meters, which is much larger than the area of ​​the flight deck of the Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier. However, due to the limitation of the size of the French shipyard and the size of the dock facilities , the length and width of the waterline of the Charles de Gaulle are both the same as those of Clermont. The shuttle-class aircraft carrier is similar. The large flight deck is mainly due to the expansion of the flight deck to increase the usable area . The Charles de Gaulle hangar is 138.5 meters long , 29.4 meters wide , 6.1 meters high, and has an area of ​​4,600 square meters . It can accommodate 20 to 25 fixed- wing aircraft at the same time. There are maintenance factories and aircraft parts warehouses around the hangar. The runway on the port side of the hull is 195m long and has an angle of 8.5 degrees with the axis of the hull . The carrier aircraft is catapulted into the air. There are two elevators at the rear of the starboard island. There are three sets of landing arresting cables at the end of the flight deck, and a set of interception nets for emergency use, as well as a fully automatic aircraft carrier landing system. Optical assisted landing system and DALAS laser Auxiliary landing system The hull design of Charles de Gaulle places great emphasis on the protection capability. The whole ship forms a complete box -type fortress structure from the flight deck to the bottom of the ship. The island uses Kevler armor and rolled steel to strengthen the resistance . Chain detonation occurs . The bulkheads around the engine room and the ammunition depot are strengthened with armor, and the front and rear are dispersed . The adjacent cabins are also separated by armored bulkheads. The ship is divided into 20 watertight cabins by 19 longitudinal bulkheads. The hull below the waterline adopts double or multi-layer hull design to strengthen the strength of the bottom of the ship. The ship is divided into 2200 cabins in total, from the bottom of the ship to the top of the bridge, a total of 15 decks. The Charles de Gaulle has a fully NATO standard. Nuclear, biological and chemical protection capabilities Most of the cabins on the ship are airtight structures. The use of a pressurized system can make the cabin pressure higher than the external pressure to avoid nuclear explosion dust or biological and chemical weapons intrusion. The shipboard defense system is also stronger. It has 8 GIAT 20F2 types. 2 20mm cannons , 2 6-unit "Xifeng" air defense missile launchers, 4 8-unit shipborne vertical launchers, used to launch "Ziyuan" series of air defense missiles. It has strong interception capabilities for incoming anti-ship missiles . At the same time, the Charles de Gaulle It also emphasizes the stability during sailing . There are two pairs of stabilizing fins on both sides of the hull . The SATRAP stabilization system on the ship has two computers, which can not only automatically adjust the angle of the stabilizing fins and the rudder surface to offset the inclination of the wind and waves and the hull when turning. An active counterweight system is installed below the flight deck. Counterweights weighing up to 22 tons move on dual tracks and are controlled by SATRAP's computer. When wind and waves or tactical movements cause the hull to tilt, the position of the counterweights is automatically moved to offset the tilt. The hull's lateral and longitudinal tilt and roll can be controlled within a certain range. The longitudinal roll of the Charles de Gaulle can be controlled within 0.5°. Under the sixth sea state, the 25-ton fixed-wing carrier aircraft can still take off and land at a speed of 20 knots and a speed of 30 degrees. When the rudder angle is turned, the hull is only inclined by 1°. This performance is not inferior to that of the Nimitz -class aircraft carrier of the 100,000-ton class in the United States. Then the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle has no shortcomings. Of course there is. The biggest disadvantage of the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle is that In terms of its power system, in order to save money Charles de Gaulle used two K-15 nuclear reactors , which are the same as the French new-generation Triumph-class ballistic missile submarines , which also caused a major flaw in the performance of the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier —insufficient power, the total output was only 76,200 shaft horsepower, the speed was too slow , and the Charles de Gaulle was in sea trials. The maximum speed of running out is nearly 25 knots, which is the lowest speed of a new traditional take-off and landing aircraft carrier after World War II. Fortunately , the performance of the US-made C-13 catapult on the ship is strong enough to catapult a 22-ton aircraft into the air, which can make up for it . In terms of the avionics system, the Charles de Gaulle has advanced combat systems and electronic warfare systems , and is equipped with powerful shipborne air defense weapons. In terms of combat systems, this class of ships uses the French Thomson CSF's new Senit8 with eight computers . As the core , it has 25 display consoles with various functions, large processing power and high integration, capable of tracking 2000 targets at the same time, and automatically linking all detection equipment to engage with armed forces. To sum up, France has limited capabilities. Within the scope, the aircraft carrier of its own has been built with heart , and the Charles de Gaulle has lived up to its expectations. Since 2001, a series of military operations have begun. From 2001 to 2007, the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle sailed to the Indian Ocean for many times and participated in combat operations in Afghanistan. It ended in 2008. After the overhaul, he went on another expedition to the Indian Ocean to fight the Taliban in Afghanistan and Somali pirates . In March 2011, he went to Libya again. The deployment mission to Libya did not end until August. It has extraordinary equipment and performance , and has repeatedly sailed to carry out combat missions. This shows that the strength of the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier cannot be tolerated . From this , we can see that France 's adherence to its consistent policy of "autonomy by force " can be proved especially in the expensive aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle, which is not only the only nuclear-powered aircraft carrier not built by the United States in the world. Most of the equipment, such as power, weapons , and electronics, are also made in France. Therefore , the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier can be called a beautiful transcript handed over by the French defense industry . It is also a facade that is enough to serve as a symbol of the French navy. The scale is generally greatly reduced, which makes it difficult for France to maintain the energy of the defense industry. The Charles de Gaulle, which is extremely expensive to build and maintain, has also become a major financial burden for France . In addition to the above problems , the French navy can be said to have tightened its belt and gritted its teeth to allow this expensive warship to slowly and gradually become a combat force. Therefore, the French navy insists on building an expensive nuclear-powered aircraft carrier . Is it partly due to vanity? I am afraid it will become a The focus of the controversy In addition , the ostensibly glamorous Charles de Gaulle was in perfect condition during the test. Obviously , the French army needs to work harder to get rid of the long - standing "fancy" stereotype . Just this year, according to the latest report of AFP , French President Emmanuel Macron officially announced French new generation aircraft carrier construction plan Like HMS Charles de Gaulle, it will be nuclear powered, except that the catapult will be replaced by steam catapult to electromagnetic catapult . Battle group, France realizes that its aircraft carrier advantage in Europe is gradually weakening , so even if it is deeply involved in the European debt crisis, it will try its best to build a new aircraft carrier . We will wait and see how this new aircraft carrier will look. Continue to follow us , you can watch the latest videos and browse past highlights . Welcome to leave a message in the comment area . See you in the next issue