Critical thinking - Những nguyên tắc và phương pháp trong TƯ DUY PHẢN BIỆN

What is self-discrimination? First of all, I will talk about the things that people misunderstand about self-discrimination. Self-discrimination is not only used to refute, argue, argue with others, but above all, it is used to review one's own thoughts. Self-discrimination. We live in a world where people around us, with the media and social media, always give advice on what to eat, what to wear, what to do, how to be happy, how to be successful. If we don't have a correct self-discrimination, we will be confused in those thoughts, or blindly make emotional, anxious decisions that make the story end. In short, when we make a decision, a thought, a decision, we need to review it. That is, should or should not, right or wrong, that is self-discrimination. In an argument with others, self-discrimination does not mean to criticize, but it is used to keep the argument reasonable, calm and wise, and above all, to open up new perspectives for each other or discuss with each other. How to practice self-discrimination? I will share with you 3 basic steps, but extremely important in the process of self-discrimination. You just need to understand each step carefully, you will gradually master the habit of self-discrimination, have self-analysis, reasoning, self-discrimination in everyday life. And let's get started. Share story The first step to practice self-discrimination is to accept the fact that we have lived in a very emotional way, very lack of self-discrimination. According to scientific research, our brains are not programmed to always be able to think, think logically. In our brain structure, there will be the cerebrum and the cerebellum. These are the parts of the brain that make us make decisions based on instinct, based on emotions, not based on logical arguments. Because in ancient times, there were many dangers, just a small dangerous storm, we will immediately run away, without having to understand what it is, how dangerous it is. For example, instead of hunting, we run right away, or when we hear an unpleasant smell, we run right away, without knowing what smell it is. And that has helped us exist and develop to this day. But that has also become a barrier to issues that need self-discrimination. For example, when I know that the owner of the house I am living in is a criminal, I will naturally feel confused, gloomy, uncomfortable when I live in that house. However, thinking according to a scientific path, it doesn't affect me at all, and it's a thing of the past. Through some examples, you can see that our brain is programmed in an old-fashioned way, much more than we think. Normally, anyone who thinks for themselves is a person who knows how to think, very reasonable, but not. Therefore, we must often reflect on the things we have done, our decisions, in order to gain experience in time, and through this video, we will learn how to make the right decision. Besides, we also have a very bad tendency to indulge ourselves, so I will find a way to make my actions more reasonable. That is, when I choose what I decide, I will try to find reasons to make that decision more reasonable. For example, now I am in the middle of two choices, doing an exercise and going out. If you choose to go out, you will come up with reasons to make going out reasonable. And of course, if you choose to do an exercise, there will also be reasons to make doing an exercise reasonable. The human brain does not want to admit mistakes, so it will find a way to make its mistakes more reasonable. In addition, humans are also a species that is very easy to be influenced by the opinions of the crowd, so an opinion that is shared by many people, I will feel that it is right, but not sure, and I have to have full evidence to prove it, then that is really right. When you go to the supermarket, there is a product that you initially did not intend to buy, but when people rush to buy that product, I naturally feel excited and want to buy it with everyone. The crowd is something that will have a great impact on us, but the crowd is not sure. Therefore, I need to have a very firm opinion to resist the pressure from the crowd. In general, people believe in what they want to believe, believe in their world and believe in the things they have always believed in. When I accept that I do not have much self-discipline, it will be very easy to learn the right self-discipline. I have just finished the first step, in this step you have not done anything, but not everyone can see themselves, that is a really difficult thing, if you can accept that, then I will see the second step. Let's move on to the second step, in this step we will go deeper into the self-discipline. In this step, we will make it clear that self-discipline is to look at, think about a problem in a reasonable way, but the reason is not sure that it is self-discipline, because it can be discipline. Discipline means that I give reasons, when I have just heard it, it seems to be very right, very reasonable, but when I think about it, it's just nonsense. When you catch some common mistakes, you will easily and quickly discover the right and wrong in the situation of discrimination. Here are the common mistakes that you have definitely heard many times, you will get used to hearing it. 1. Personal attack For example, when I give an argument, you can't point out which argument is wrong, but you look at your mistakes in the past to conclude that I am a bad person to deny what I just said. That's exactly a self-discipline. The lesson is that even if he is a person you hate very much, or even a criminal, if what that person says is right, it is still right. 2. Self-discipline of those with authority It is also true that those with high authority hold the leadership role, when they give a speech without a clear explanation, below there are still many people who think they are right, because they are the leaders of a group. A simpler example is the words of teachers, grandparents, parents. For young people, it is always considered right. The reason is simple, because they are parents, they are teachers. This is also a very popular self-discipline of Vietnamese people, however, it is not difficult to recognize. So if you have ever made this mistake, please correct it right away. 3. Self-discipline of those with authority Self-discipline of those with authority means that when I give an opinion, there are people who want to defeat me at all costs, so they deliberately take away my speech. For example, I say that wild cats are very cute and need to be protected, some people say that dogs and other animals are not cute and should not be protected. At first glance, it seems to be very relevant, but in fact, it is not the issue I want to talk about. That person is deliberately taking away my speech to attack me. 4. Vox Hoc This is Latin, so the pronunciation will not be very accurate. This is a kind of vox hoc related to events that happened before and after. For example, you go to bed early for 2 weeks, you lose 1 kg, and you decide to go to bed early to lose weight. But in fact, it may be because you worked too hard for 2 weeks that led to you going to bed early, and it was because you worked too hard that you lost weight. So the reason for you to lose weight is tiredness at work, not because you go to bed early. Another example, in a city, it is recorded that after removing graffiti, the crime rate in that city decreased. Since then, it has been concluded that graffiti is the cause of crime rate increase. In fact, there are many causes that can lead to a result. An event that happened before may not be the cause of the event that happened after. Sometimes it's just a coincidence. 5. Another kind of vox hoc that is very easy to come across in life is when you have something that you can't explain, then you often blame a spiritual force that caused it. For example, there is a couple who do not eat well and often argue with each other. Instead of finding a reasonable reason to explain, they blame it for not being suitable for their age. To put it bluntly, this is superstition. In contrast, it is considered superstition. I have just listed some classic superstitions that are very easy to come across in everyday life. Before, when I heard other people say that, I felt something was wrong, but I couldn't immediately point out where it was wrong. When learning about superstition, I was able to quickly recognize the problems in other people's arguments. In addition to the superstitions that I have just listed, there are many other superstitions. If you want to learn more, you can google or read the following books. I have read these books. Although they are the same topic, the content is not conflicting. You can read a book or read them all. Let's move on to the third step. First of all, we need to have a very strong spirit of protest. Why do I use the word strong? Because we all have a mentality that we want to be right, we want to be the winner in a protest. Because when we argue right, we argue right, it creates a sense of comfort and creates the feeling of being a good person. For example, when you are expressing your opinion, there is another person who stands up and gives an objection, I immediately feel angry and want to protect it with my opinion. This is the common mentality of everyone. When we have this mentality, our ability to absorb, think, and protest will decrease, or even completely disappear, leading to the fact that we argue, argue, argue, try to be right. Therefore, when starting a protest, keep yourself open-minded and receptive to be able to absorb different perspectives from everyone. To solve this problem, I don't just say, and I will give specific examples so that you can understand this problem. First, you need to know the concept of value. Why do we often have different views in life? Because everyone will prioritize different values. For example, Mr. A prioritizes values such as development in work, excellence, independence, fairness, justice. Mr. B prioritizes values such as family love, friendship, unity, warmth, and sharing. Because these two people prioritize different values, so when talking, when sharing, they will have different points of view, or even the opposite. If they know how to listen to each other, know how to broaden their perspectives, they can learn a lot from each other. However, if they insist that they are right and the other person is wrong, it will cause conflict and argument. Values are what we prioritize and our own ethical views. So when starting a discussion, you should consider whether the values of two people are different or not. And when the values of two people are different, it is not who is right and who is wrong, but this is suitable for this person, but not suitable for the other person. As I said, everyone will have different priorities, and we tend to want to talk to people who have the same values as us, and we don't want to talk to people who have the opposite values as us. At the beginning of the video, I also said that people want to find support for themselves, and that is also a hindrance to our self-discipline. So you should practice listening to many points of view from everyone, so that you can broaden your perspective and look at every problem in a comprehensive way. That is a very important thing in self-discipline. I used to hear a very good saying, I may not agree with what you say, but I can die to protect your right to say those things. This is a saying about freedom of speech, however, it also shows a part of listening and a multifaceted perspective in self-discipline. The last important thing is that you dare to accept your shortcomings and mistakes. I find that people who are willing to accept their shortcomings, and people who are brave, mature and open-minded, are generally very OK in my eyes. Those are the 3 most basic steps in the process of self-discipline. I hope you can accept it so that I can make more videos on this topic. Finally, remember to help me click on the subscribe button so that YouTube will quickly post the proposal to my channel.