Pada tahun 1192, tatkala Perang Salib Ketiga di Eropa pada Abad Pertengahan akan segera berakhir, siapa pun tidak ada yang mampu menaklukkan pihak lawan. Dunia Kristen dan dunia Islam akhirnya memutuskan untuk berdamai. Negosiator yang dikirimkan oleh Pasukan Kristiani adalah Raja Richard I dari Inggris yang pemberani dan mahir berperang, yang dijuluki sebagai “Richard si Hati Singa (Richard the Lionheart)”, sedangkan pihak lawan adalah pemimpin legendaris dunia Islam, Sultan Saladin atau Salahuddin Ayyubi dari Mesir, yang juga merupakan lawan bebuyutan Richard. Dua kesatria bertemu akan saling menghargai dan mengagumi. Tentu saja, tidak dilewatkan untuk memamerkan kecanggihan masing-masing. Richard the Lionheart lebih dahulu memamerkan keunggulannya. Terlihat sang raja mengambil tongkat kerajaan dari penjaga di sampingnya, sebuah tongkat besi dengan diameter sekitar 4 sentimeter, meletakkannya di atas papan kayu, dan diayunkanlah pedang berbilah lebar di tangannya. Dengan ditebaskannya pedang itu, diiringi suara “cring,” tongkat besi itu pun patah menjadi dua potong. Sultan Saladin memberikan pujian hangat, dan sambil meraih sebuah bantal sandaran sutra berisi bulu, ia meletakkannya berdiri di tanah, “Saudaraku, bisakah senjatamu memotong bantal ini?” tanyanya. “Tidak, tentu saja tidak,” jawab Richard the Lionheart, “Semua senjata tajam di dunia, sekalipun jika itu adalah pedang Raja Arthur, juga tidak akan mampu.” “Kalau begitu tolong Anda perhatikan,” kata Sultan Saladin sambil menggulung lengan jubahnya. Terlihat ia mengeluarkan pedang lengkungnya, dengan sangat terampil ia menyeret pedang itu dan menggariskannya di atas bantal, sepertinya dengan tidak menggunakan banyak tenaga, bantal itu pun seperti merekah dengan sendirinya dan telah terbelah menjadi dua.
Greetings, viewers of Setia, Mata Ketiga.
Today, Mata Ketiga will raise the theme of the ancient sword
which has the capabilities of ancient nanotechnology used by Sultan Saladin.
Let's take a closer look.
In 1192, the Third Crusade in Europe in the Middle Ages would soon end.
No one was able to defeat the enemy.
The Christian world and the Islamic world finally decided to make peace.
The negotiator sent by the Christian army was King Richard I of England
who was brave and skilled at war, nicknamed Richard the Lionheart.
While the opponent was the legendary leader of the Islamic world,
Sultan Saladin or Salahuddin Ayyubi of Egypt,
who was also a fierce opponent of Richard.
The two warriors met to respect and praise each other.
Of course, it was not in vain to show off their talents.
Richard the Lionheart first showed off his strengths.
It was seen that the king took a royal staff from the guard next to him,
a steel staff with a diameter of about 4 cm,
placed it on a wooden board and a wide-blade sword in his hand.
By slashing the sword with a sharp sound,
the steel staff broke into two pieces.
Sultan Saladin gave a warm compliment
and while slashing a steel staff with a diameter of 10 cm,
he placed it standing on the ground.
My brother, can your weapon cut this staff?
He asked.
No, of course not.
Answered Richard the Lionheart.
All sharp weapons in the world, even if it is King Arthur's sword,
will not be able to.
If so, please pay attention.
Sultan Saladin said as he rolled his staff.
It was seen that he pulled out his curved sword.
With great skill, he dragged the sword and lined it on the staff.
It seems that without using a lot of energy,
the staff seemed to crack by itself and had split into two.
That's a magic trick.
Richard the Lionheart Protest
Sultan Saladin also seemed to understand his confusion.
Then he released the staff that he had been holding
and placed it on the sharp side of his sword.
Then slowly slashed the sword and suddenly pulled the sword.
And the staff when cut into two
and slowly fell.
The audience of European warriors was very impressed by it.
Damascus Sword Cutting the Silk Fabric in the Air
The story of the contest to cut the silk fabric in the air
is in the novelist Walter Scott's book The Talisman.
Walter Scott is a novelist of Dutch history
who was famous in the late 18th century.
He is very capable of writing novels, historical novels,
similar to various Chinese versions such as
The Three Kingdoms, Samgok, Water Margin, etc.
Because this is a romance, a historical novel,
the writer does not know whether the details are exaggerated or not.
But Conan when the warriors who use this kind of sword
never fail to test their skills in their sword science.
Have you reached the professional standard
that you can finally cut the silk fabric in the air?
So Scott's description is not baseless.
And this peace negotiation is indeed in history.
In the end, the armistice agreement signed
was the famous Java Agreement.
Moreover, the two great kings also really admired each other.
After signing the agreement,
both sides exchanged many gifts to show respect.
It is not known whether the sharp sword
was included in the gift and the eye-candle.
I don't know if what was given by Saladin at that time
there is also this kind of sword
which is very sought after by European nationals.
Because it comes from Damascus, the capital city of Syria,
that's why people call this sharp weapon
as a Damascus sword or knife.
Actually there are many types of Damascus swords.
This type of sword or knife is widely known
because of its ability to cut metal and other hard objects in the battlefield,
so it has become a representation of the image of the Damascus sword.
The characteristics of this sword are not only sharp to a terrible level,
but also very sharp.
The blade is not easy to cut,
it remains as if it has just been used for a long time.
Moreover, it is easy to control,
that is, on the body of the sword there is a very beautiful special pattern.
Conditions for making Tiadatara swords
Until the modern era,
the Damascus sword has even been considered
as the first of the three sharp weapons known in the world,
surpassing Khris and Samurai.
Then why does it have a performance that cannot be compared to other weapons?
To make an unrivaled sword requires two conditions,
none of them can be reduced,
namely a good and skillful sword
that has the skill of art and sophisticated techniques.
The sword used in the Damascus sword
is a woods sword produced in India
and only Indian woods swords can be used.
Why?
There are opinions that have been different for hundreds of years,
but it is generally believed
that the method of making woods swords with a special furnace,
a furnace at a low temperature of 1000 degrees Celsius,
is very likely to be the main reason
why it was chosen as the first sharp weapon in the world.
The low temperature mentioned here
is relative to the temperature of other swords,
because the temperature of the forge of the general sword
is above 1600 degrees Celsius.
And the skill of the forge is also very special,
the forging must also be done at a low temperature,
which in China is called Tempah Dingin.
The temperature during forging can only be controlled at around 300 degrees,
not too high or too low.
The craftsmen need to assess the temperature of the forge
from a slight change in the color of the fire,
choosing the correct forging time.
If the temperature is a little higher,
the product produced may become an ordinary product
and will not reach the level of a samurai
who can cut iron like mud.
This requires very high technology and experience.
The same thing happens in the quenching or cooling process that follows,
the temperature must not be too high.
Because in the general process of forging,
the higher the temperature,
the easier it is to eliminate the impurity of the material
and the better the quality of the product.
Whereas when making a sharp weapon,
it is generally chosen to be placed at a high temperature,
because the forge has better plasticity at a high temperature
and is easy to operate.
However, the first-class sharp weapon on the list of weapons
is done the other way around.
Why is that?
The reason why the Damascus sword is superior
is because of the presence of a magical carbon nanotube structure in its body.
If placed at a high temperature,
a large amount of carbon will be lost,
the carbon crystal will be destroyed
and the carbon nanotube structure will also deteriorate,
so that the result of the sword is not much different from a regular sword.
Japanese physicist Sumio Ujima
discovered the carbon nanotube structure in 1991
when he worked at the NEC company in Japan,
which is a carbon molecule in the shape of a tube,
and each carbon atom in the tube forms a hexagonal hollow structure,
then forms the entire carbon tube.
The tube is very thin, only nano-scale,
and tens of thousands of nanocarbon tubes are only as wide as a strand of hair.
That's where the name carbon nanotube comes from.
The level of hardness of the carbon nanotube is very high,
compared to copper.
Copper is what we usually call beryllium,
and it is the hardest natural substance in the world.
However, unlike beryllium,
carbon nanotubes also have good elasticity and can be stiffened.
In addition, the study also found that
carbon nanotubes are 100 times stronger than copper with the same volume,
but only 1.6 to 1.7 of its weight.
Therefore, the carbon nanotube is called super wire.
Damascus sword contains carbon nanotube CND.
How does this carbon nanotube characteristic
look very similar to the Damascus sword?
That's right,
because the structure of the carbon nanotube is also found on the Damascus sword.
This was found in November 2006 by physicist Peter Voeffler
and his research team at the Technical University of Dresden, TU Dresden in Germany.
They found a small number of carbon nanotubes
in a sample of the Damascus sword from the 17th century.
They estimated that in the process of making the Damascus sword,
some catalytic elements were absorbed into the shank
and caused the body of carbon nanotubes.
The unique mechanical nature of the Damascus sword
and the existence of carbon nanotubes may be a key factor.
Their discovery was published in the Nature magazine that month.
It means that in the ancient times, almost a thousand years ago,
people already understood and used nanotechnology.
All carbon nanotubes are actually tightly combined with carbon.
But why only during the process of making the Damascus sword
can the carbon nanotube structure be formed
with high intensity and high strength,
whereas it cannot be formed on other carbon nanotubes?
People in the past also did not have microscopes,
let alone have a modern and complete monitoring system.
Besides that, the whole process is operated manually.
So how do they make this non-slip carbon atom
solid and flexible enough to form a special structure like this?
And is the formation process when making the sword inside the cross or crossable
or in the installation process or in the final cooling?
Is what makes it a catalyst?
It is very unfortunate that the technology of making the Damascus sword
suddenly disappeared in the 18th century,
so that all these problems have become a mystery that has not been solved.
Because there are so many changes in manufacturing technology and raw materials,
replicating the Damascus sword is almost impossible.
It can be said that it is impossible to make a Damascus sword again.
There are also many Damascus swords on the market right now.
Now it seems that those who have a pattern on the body of the sword
are called Damascus swords.
Among them, there are also those made by contemporary craftsmen.
But what is used is not a wood bezel,
because the wood bezel is now also extinct
and the installation method is also different.
Although there is a pattern and the appearance looks very similar,
but without the support of carbon netting, the performance is indeed different.
At least until now,
writers have never heard of swordsmiths or swords and knives lovers
who managed to challenge cutting rough fabric in the air.
Ancient weapons with high modern technology
Indeed, among the ancient weapons,
not only the Damascus sword uses high technology.
For example, the Royal Sword of the Yule Kingdom
was found in Makam Cuk in the province of Hupai in 1965.
King Yuwa Kaucian 464 BC
is one of the five great rulers in the period of the Semih and Gugur seasons.
He is a person who wu xin chang and an ancient idiom
which means to describe someone who does hard work,
sincere in bearing humiliation and heavy burden,
in order to become strong
and eventually succeed in achieving his goals.
So the sword has been more than 2,000 years old.
But when it was excavated, it was still like new,
shining with a glow of cold light.
Sharp all over,
there are no signs of rust.
Research has shown that thousands of years without rust
is due to a layer of chromium salt lime
10 microns thick on the surface of the sword.
This discovery immediately excited the world
because the method of handling chromium salt oxidation
is considered an advanced technology that only appeared in the modern era
and the patent was first proposed in 1937.
The sword is now kept in the museum in the province of Hupai.
There is also a war sword found in the city of Terakota Warriors and Horses in Xi'an.
A war sword that was found under the statue of the Terakota Warriors
weighing 150 kilograms
and bent more than 45 degrees.
After the archaeologists destroyed the Terakota Warriors,
the war sword immediately returned to its original state
and all the experts were shocked.
Then they consulted with metallurgists
and the answer is that this is a phenomenon
a phenomenon that can only be found in the alloy material of shape memory.
The phenomenon of Silk Memory Alloy
was first observed by scientists in the 1950s
and then applied to material science.
Sometimes when we think,
we really can't underestimate the intelligence of the people of the past.
Our ancestors once had many discoveries and creations
that are no less than modern technology
just haven't been able to be reduced
because of the chaos of war, social unrest or other reasons.
That's all for our topic today.
If you like the third eye video,
thank you for your attention
and see you in the next episode.