【国家地理百年纪念典藏】第4集：情同手足黑猩猩 #國家地理 #紀錄片 #自然

FOR CENTURIES, THERE WERE FEARSOME TALES OF A HALF-HUMAN MONSTER ROAMING THE AFRICAN FORESTS. EVEN IN MODERN TIMES, KNOWLEDGE OF THE ILLUSIVE CREATURE, THE WILD CHIMPANZEE, WAS LARGELY BASED ON SPECULATION. THEN, IN 1960, A DARING YOUNG ENGLISH WOMAN SET OUT TO SORT FICTION FROM TRUTH. SHE HAD BEEN WARNED, YOU'LL NEVER GET NEAR THE CHIMPANZEES, BUT SHE WAS DETERMINED TO TRY. HER NAME, JANE GOODALL. SHE WAS 26 YEARS OLD AND DESTINED TO MAKE SCIENTIFIC HISTORY. AGAINST ODDS MANY THOUGHT INSURMOUNTABLE, SHE GRADUALLY EARNED THE CHIMPANZEE'S TRUST. THE PICTURE THAT HAS EMERGED IS AN AWESOME PORTRAIT OF THE ANIMAL'S MOST LIKE MAN. THE SIMILARITIES TO HUMANS ARE STARTLING. THE OBVIOUS PHYSICAL RESEMBLANCE. THE DISCOVERY THAT THEY HUNT AND EAT MEAT. THE EVEN MORE PROFOUND REVELATION THAT THEY ARE INTELLIGENT ENOUGH TO MAKE AND USE TOOLS. AND IN THEIR NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION, PERHAPS THE MOST UNCANNY RESEMBLANCE OF ALL. METICULOUSLY DOCUMENTED ON MOTION PICTURE FILM, JANE GOODALL'S CLASSIC STUDY STRETCHES FROM 1960 TO THE PRESENT DAY. A COMPELLING CHRONICLE THAT SPANS THREE GENERATIONS OF CHIMPS. IT IS THE LONGEST STUDY OF ANY WILD ANIMAL GROUP IN THE WORLD. UNEXPECTEDLY, ONE OF ITS RECENT CHAPTERS TOOK A FORBIDDING TURN. THE USUALLY GENTLE, AMIABLE CHIMPS REVEALED A DARK AND SINISTER SIDE, PUZZLING, SAVAGE BEHAVIOR AS YET UNEXPLAINED. AND SO THE SAGA GOES ON. THE REMARKABLE ADVENTURE OF THE WILD CHIMPANZEES AND THE DEDICATED WOMAN WHO WORKS AMONG THEM STILL. GROWING UP IN BOURNEMOUTH, ENGLAND, JANE GOODALL WAS DRAWN TO THE WORLD OF ANIMALS ALMOST FROM THE START. WHEN HER MOTHER GAVE THE INFANT A CHIMP DOLL, OUTRAGED FRIENDS PREDICTED NIGHTMARES. THEY COULD NOT HAVE BEEN MORE WRONG. EVEN WHEN I WAS VERY TINY, I WAS ABSOLUTELY FASCINATED BY ANIMALS. I THINK I FIRST BEGAN TO DREAM OF GOING TO AFRICA AFTER READING DR.DOLITTLE AND TARZAN WHEN I WAS ABOUT EIGHT. I WAS ABSOLUTELY FASCINATED WITH THE IDEA OF BEING OUT IN THE JUNGLE, OUT WITH THE ANIMALS, FEELING A PART OF IT ALL. FAMED ANTHROPOLOGIST LOUIS LEAKEY HAD LONG SEARCHED FOR SOMEONE TO STUDY WILD CHIMPANZEES FOR CLUES TO THE BEHAVIOR OF EARLY MEN. I WANT SOMEONE UNBIASED BY ACADEMIC LEARNING, HE SAID, SOMEONE WITH UNCOMMON PATIENCE AND DEDICATION. HIS FAITH IN JANE GOODALL WOULD LEAD TO ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF OUR TIME. HER JOURNEY WOULD TAKE GOODALL TO THE EAST AFRICAN COUNTRY OF TANZANIA, THEN KNOWN AS TANGANYIKA. THE REMOTE GOMBE STREAM GAME RESERVE STRETCHES FOR ABOUT TEN MILES OF RUGGED MOUNTAINOUS COUNTRY ALONG THE SHORE OF LAKE TANGANYIKA. AND SO ON THE 14TH OF JULY, 1960, JANE GOODALL WAS 4,000 MILES FROM HOME. A TINY BOAT HER ONLY LINK TO THE CIVILIZED WORLD. WHEN I ARRIVED AT THE GOMBE STREAM RESERVE, I FELT THAT AT LONG LAST MY CHILDHOOD AMBITION WAS BEING REALIZED. BUT WHEN I LOOKED AT THE WILD AND RUGGED MOUNTAINS WHERE THE CHIMPANZEES LIVED, I KNEW THAT MY TASK WAS NOT GOING TO BE EASY. DAY TO DAY LIFE IN THIS REMOTE WILDERNESS WOULD BE DIFFICULT AT BEST. THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES, HORRIFIED AT THE THOUGHT OF A YOUNG WHITE WOMAN ALONE IN THE WILD, AT FIRST REFUSED JANE PERMISSION TO COME, AGREEING ONLY WHEN SHE SAID SHE WOULD BRING A COMPANION. ASIDE FROM HER MOTHER, VAN GOODALL, AND AN AFRICAN COOK, JANE WOULD SPEND THE NEXT SEVERAL MONTHS VIRTUALLY ALONE. IT WAS ALREADY LATE AFTERNOON WHEN THE TENTS WERE PITCHED AND PROVISIONS STORED, BUT AFTER 20 YEARS OF DREAMING OF THIS DAY, JANE WAS EAGER TO BEGIN. UNARMED AND UNTRAINED, SHE VENTURED INTO A STRANGE NEW WORLD. FOR MOST, THIS WOULD BE A LONELY, FORBIDDING REALM, BUT FOR JANE GOODALL, IT WAS WHERE SHE MOST WANTED TO BE. DURING MY FIRST DAYS AT GOMBE, I COULD HARDLY BELIEVE IT WAS TRUE. AT LAST, I WAS OUT IN THE WILD. I DIDN'T SEE MANY ANIMALS, BUT I HAD THE FEELING THEY WERE THERE, ALL AROUND, WATCHING ME. THERE WERE RUSSELLS IN THE UNDERGROWTH, STRANGE CALLS, SMELLS I COULD NOT IDENTIFY. FOR MONTHS, THE OBJECTS OF HER SEARCH INVARIABLY FLED AT THE MERE SIGHT OF HER. OFTEN, SHE COULDN'T FIND THEM AT ALL. IT WAS A STEEP, RIGOROUS CLIMB TO THE OPEN RIDGES ABOVE, BUT, PERHAPS, SHE HOPED, A WAY TO PINPOINT THE NOMADIC APES BELOW. I DISCOVERED, NOT FAR FROM CAMP, THAT THERE WAS A PEAK OVERLOOKING TWO VALLEYS, AND FROM THIS VANTAGE POINT, I WAS ABLE TO GRADUALLY PIECE TOGETHER THE DAILY BEHAVIOR OF THE CHIMPS. THE MAJOR ADVANTAGE OF THE PEAK WAS THAT THE CHIMPS COULD SEE ME SITTING UP THERE AND GRADUALLY GET USED TO MY PRESENCE. SITTING QUIETLY IN THE SAME SPOT DAY AFTER DAY, ALWAYS DRESSED IN THE SAME NEUTRAL COLORS, NEVER ATTEMPTING TO FOLLOW THE SHY APES, THE FIGURE ON THE PEAK GRADUALLY BECAME LESS OF A THREAT. IT WOULD BE SOME TIME, HOWEVER, BEFORE JANE WAS ACCEPTED AT CLOSER RANGE. THOUGH THE CHIMPS NOW RECOGNIZED THE INTRUDER, HER INTENT WAS FAR FROM CLEAR. JANE HAD TO ACCEPT THE REALIZATION THAT, FOR THE TIME BEING AT LEAST, MUCH OF HER KNOWLEDGE WOULD BE BASED ON INDIRECT EVIDENCE, LIKE AN ABANDONED SLEEPING NEST HIGH IN THE TREES. JANE FOUND THE NEST WAS NOT SIMPLY A PILE OF WADDED LEAVES, BUT A CAREFULLY INTERWOVEN PLATFORM CREATED BY DEXTROUS HANDS AND A REASONING BRAIN. BUT THE INTELLIGENT CREATURE WHO MADE IT HAD LONG SINCE MOVED ON. IMPATIENT WITH HER SLOW PROGRESS WITH THE CHIMPS, JANE STRETCHED EACH DAY TO THE FINAL RAYS OF THE SETTING SUN. THIS WOULD BE HER FIRST MEAL IN TWELVE HOURS. IT HAD BEEN ANOTHER LONG AND FRUSTRATING DAY. AS I AM NOT A DEFEATIST, IT ONLY MADE MY DETERMINATION TO SUCCEED STRONGER. I NEVER HAD ANY THOUGHT OF QUITTING. I SHOULD FOREVER HAVE LOST ALL SELF-RESPECT IF I HAD GIVEN UP. AND SO DAYS THAT BEGAN BEFORE DAWN REACHED WELL PAST MIDNIGHT, AND FOR AS LONG AS IT WOULD TAKE, TOMORROW WOULD BE THE SAME. EVEN WHEN THERE WERE NO CHIMPS TO BE FOUND, THERE WAS ALWAYS MUCH TO BE DONE. SAMPLES OF PLANTS THE CHIMPS EAT WOULD BE PRESERVED FOR LATER IDENTIFICATION. THERE WAS A NEW LANGUAGE TO LEARN, TRIBAL CUSTOMS TO ABSORB. A MAKESHIFT CLINIC HELPED CEMENT GOOD RELATIONS WITH THE LOCAL VILLAGERS. WITH CAMP LIFE SETTLING INTO A COMFORTABLE ROUTINE, GOMBEY INCREASINGLY BECAME JANE GOODALL'S PRIVATE WORLD. THOUGH HER STAFF WAS GROWING, OUTSIDERS TILL NOW HAD NOT BEEN WELCOME, LEST THEY FRIGHTENED THE CHIMPS. BUT AT LEWIS LEAKEY'S URGING, SHE AGREED THAT A PERMANENT FILM RECORD OF THE CHIMPS BE MADE. TO SHIELD HERSELF AND THE CAMERAMAN, SHE BUILT A BLIND, A SCREEN OF LEAVES. HUGO VAN LAARWIJK IS A SPECIALIST IN WILDLIFE, PRIMARILY FUNDED BY THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY. OVER THE COMING YEARS, HE AND GOODALL WOULD CAPTURE DETAILS OF CHIMP BEHAVIOR NEVER BEFORE DREAMED POSSIBLE. THEY FOUND THAT CHIMPANZEES ARE NOMADIC, TRAVELING IN EVER-CHANGING GROUPS IN THE DAILY SEARCH FOR FOOD, WANDERINGS THAT CAN TAKE THEM TWO TO SIX MILES IN A SINGLE DAY. THEY ARE ANIMALS OF DRAMATIC EXTREMES, NOISY AND EXCITABLE ONE MINUTE, CALM AND GENTLE THE NEXT. TO SATISFY THEIR HUNGER ON A DIET THAT IS LARGELY VEGETARIAN, CHIMPS EAT UP TO SEVEN HOURS A DAY. MUCH OF THEIR DIET IS FRUIT, BUT THEY ALSO FEED ON LEAVES, BLOSSOMS, SEEDS AND STEMS. AFTER CONGREGATING AT A FOOD SOURCE, SEVERAL INDIVIDUALS MAY REST AND GROOM TOGETHER, THEN SEPARATE ONCE AGAIN. THE ONLY STABLE GROUP WITHIN THE COMMUNITY IS A MOTHER AND HER YOUNG. MALES TAKE NO PART IN CHILD REARING. CONTRARY TO COMMON BELIEF, CHIMPS DO NOT HAVE FLEAS. MUTUAL GROOMING DOES REMOVE FLAKES OF DRIED SKIN AND GRASS SEEDS, BUT PHYSICAL CONTACT FOR ITS OWN SAKE SEEMS TO BE THE PRIMARY GOAL. NOT MUCH INTERESTED IN QUIET PURSUITS, YOUNGSTERS HAVE BETTER THINGS TO DO. THE CHIMPS VERY GRADUALLY CAME TO REALIZE THAT I WAS NOT DANGEROUS AFTER ALL. I SHALL NEVER FORGET THE DAY AFTER ABOUT 18 MONTHS WHEN FOR THE FIRST TIME A SMALL GROUP ALLOWED ME TO APPROACH AND BE NEAR THEM. FINALLY I HAD BEEN ACCEPTED. I THINK IT WAS ONE OF THE PROUDEST AND MOST EXCITING MOMENTS OF MY WHOLE LIFE. CHIMPANZEES ARE AS DISTINCT FROM ONE ANOTHER AS OUR HUMAN BEINGS. AND JANE GAVE THEM NAMES AS SHE CAME TO RECOGNIZE THEM. OLD FLOW WITH HER BULBOUS NOSE AND RAGGED EARS IS MATRIARCH OF THE FAMILY JANE WOULD COME TO KNOW BEST. AT SEVEN WEEKS,INFANT FLINT IS STILL COMPLETELY DEPENDENT ON FLOW. FLOW'S ADOLESCENT SON FIGGIN PLAYS WITH HIS YOUNGER SISTER FIFI. EVEN FULLY MATURE FAVEN OFTEN STAYS WITH THE FAMILY. EVER SINCE FLINT'S BIRTH, HIS SISTER FIFI HAS BEEN FASCINATED BY THE BABY. REPEATEDLY, SHE TRIES TO TOUCH AND GROOM HIM. THE OLDER CHIMPS, LESS INTERESTED IN BABIES, TEND TO IGNORE FLINT. BUT FIFI IS PERSISTENT, ACTUALLY TRYING TO TAKE THE INFANT FROM FLOW. THOUGH PROTECTIVE OF HER NEWBORN, FLOW IS NEVER ROUGH WITH FIFI. WHEN SHE'S HAD ENOUGH, SHE SIMPLY WALKS OFF, LEAVING FIFI LOOKING RATHER FRUSTRATED. ANOTHER GROUP'S ARRIVAL IS SIGNALLED BY A CHORUS OF HOOTING CALLS. ADULT MALES DOMINATE CHIMP SOCIETY AND ARE MUCH PREOCCUPIED WITH THEIR POSITION IN THE HIERARCHY. IN AN EFFORT TO BETTER HIS RANK, THE MALE PUTS ON AN AWESOME CHARGING DISPLAY. WITH HAIR BRISTLING AND VEGETATION FLYING, THE MALE MAKES HIMSELF APPEAR LARGER AND MORE DANGEROUS THAN HE ACTUALLY IS. INTENDED TO INTIMIDATE RIVALS, IT IS USUALLY NOTHING MORE THAN SUPERB BLUFF. AFTER DISPLAYS OF AGGRESSION, THE DOMINANT CHAMPION OFTEN REASSURES THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN FRIGHTENED OR HURT, AND THUS TENSION IS DIFFUSED, HARMONY RESTORED. ONE MALE ROSE TO THE TOP OF THE HIERARCHY BY INTELLIGENCE RATHER THAN STRENGTH. MIKE DISCOVERED THAT ROLLING EMPTY KEROSENE CANS FROM JANE'S CAMP MADE A HORRIFYING NOISE. ORIGINALLY ONE OF THE LOWEST RANKING MALES MIKE WAS NOW NUMBER ONE. CLOSE TO WHERE THEY ARE FEEDING WHEN DUSK FALLS, THE CHIMPANZEES WILL BUILD SLEEPING NESTS FOR THE NIGHT, 30 TO 40 FEET UP IN THE TREES. AFTER CHOOSING A SUITABLE FOUNDATION SUCH AS A HORIZONTAL FORK, THE CHIMP TAKES ONLY THREE TO FIVE MINUTES TO BEND DOWN BRANCHES, THEN TWIGS, TO CREATE A COMFORTABLE PADDED BED. WITH CREATURE CONTROL, WITH CREATURE COMFORTS LONG SINCE FORSAKEN, JANE FOUND INCREASING PLEASURES IN HER WILDERNESS WORLD. BUT AS SHE SOON DISCOVERED, HUMAN CREATURE COMFORTS WERE NOT WITHOUT APPEAL TO SOME. A CHIMP HAD WANDERED INTO CAMP AND FOUND THE SUPPLY TENT WHERE BANANAS WERE STORED. BECAUSE HE HAD BEEN TO CAMP BEFORE WHEN JANE WAS IN THE FOREST, SHE HAD A PRE-ARRANGED SIGNAL TO CALL HER BACK. IT WAS THRILLING AFTER ALL THIS TIME TO FIND A CHIMP ACTUALLY IN MY CAMP. IT WAS DAVID GRAYBEARD, A MALE I HAD ALREADY COME TO KNOW OUT IN THE FOREST. DAVID'S BOLDNESS MARKED A TURNING POINT FOR JANE. JANE'S CHILDHOOD HAD BEEN DETERMINED TO FIND A CHIMP AFTER THE ENDLESS MONTHS SHE HAD SEARCHED FOR THEM, THE CHIMPS, FOLLOWING DAVID'S LEAD, NOW CAME TO HER. GRADUALLY, THEIR INHERENT FEAR GAVE WAY AND AN OFFER OF FRIENDSHIP WAS ACCEPTED WITH TRUST. IF SHE COULD LURE THE CHIMPS INTO CAMP REGULARLY, JANE REALIZED HER OBSERVATIONS WOULD BE FAR MORE CONSISTENT THAN CHANCE ENCOUNTERS IN THE FOREST. BANANAS WERE THE ANSWER. THE SCHEME WAS NOT WITHOUT ITS FLAWS, AS THE LOCAL BABOONS QUICKLY PROVED. DAVID GRAYBEARD REPEATEDLY RAN TO HIS FRIEND THE MORE POWERFUL GOLIATH FOR PROTECTION. GOLIATH CAME TO DAVID'S DEFENSE, BUT THE BABOON KNEW WHICH CHIMP WAS AFRAID AND IT WAS DAVID HE WENT FOR, EVERY TIME. BECAUSE OF THE TRUST ESTABLISHED IN CAMP, TRACKING THE CHIMPS IN THE FOREST WAS NOW MUCH EASIER FOR JANE. SHE WAS ABLE TO FOLLOW AND DOCUMENT IN DETAIL THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLOW'S INFANT SON,FLINT. AT SIX MONTHS, FLINT IS LEARNING TO RIDE ON HIS MOTHER'S BACK. BUT SOMETIMES HE DOESN'T GET IT QUITE RIGHT. AT AROUND THE SAME AGE, HE TAKES HIS FIRST TOTTERING STEPS. WHEN HE STUMBLES AND WHIMPERS, FLOW QUICKLY RESCUES HIM. FLOW IS A PARTICULARLY AFFECTIONATE,TOLERANT AND PLAYFUL MOTHER. AND BECAUSE MUCH MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IS LEARNED, SHE IS THE ROLE MODEL FOR HER DAUGHTER,FIFI. AS FLINT GROWS OLDER, FLOW PERMITS FIFI TO TAKE HIM FOR BRIEF PERIODS OF TIME. SUCH EXPERIENCES PROVIDE IMPORTANT TRAINING FOR THE FUTURE WHEN YOUNG FEMALES MATURE AND HAVE OFFSPRING OF THEIR OWN. ABOUT THE TIME FLOW BEGINS TO CARRY FLINT ON HER BACK, FIFI TRIES TO IMITATE FLOW. THOUGH UNSUCCESSFUL, THE ATTEMPT MARKS AN IMPORTANT MILESTONE IN HER LEARNING EXPERIENCE. MANDY IS A YOUNG FEMALE WHO HAS JUST HAD HER FIRST BABY. FIFI HAS NEVER SEEN THE BABY BEFORE AND IS INTRIGUED. FOR THE MOMENT AT LEAST, THIS IS SOMETHING MORE INTERESTING THAN FLINT. AS MANDY SETTLES DOWN, FIFI COMES FOR A CLOSER LOOK AT THIS NEWEST MEMBER OF THE COMMUNITY. ALL YOUNGSTERS AT GOMBE ARE INTERESTED IN NEW BABIES, BUT JANE HAD NEVER SEEN ONE WHO SHOWED MORE FASCINATION THAN FIFI. A STUDY IN CONCENTRATION. MANDY IS NOT WORRIED BY FIFI'S PRESENCE, BUT WHEN ADOLESCENT MALE FIGGIN APPROACHES, SHE NERVOUSLY MOVES OFF. BOTH FIFI AND FIGGIN ARE FASCINATED BY THE SMELL OF THE NEW BABY. FIFI HAS FOLLOWED MANDY UP A TREE AND NOW ATTEMPTS TO TOUCH THE BABY. MANDY GENTLY FENDS HER OFF. MEANWHILE, EVEN FLINT IS CURIOUS ABOUT ANOTHER INFANT YOUNGER THAN HE. BUT FLOW IS READY TO MOVE ON IN SEARCH OF FOOD, AND SHE LETS FLINT KNOW IT IS TIME TO GO. FIFI, STILL ENGROSSED WITH MANDY'S BABY, DOES NOT NOTICE THAT THEY LEAVE. WHEN SHE FINALLY LOOKS FOR HER MOTHER, FLOW IS OUT OF SIGHT. AT SIX, FIFI IS STILL QUITE DEPENDENT ON HER MOTHER AND CRIES IN DISTRESS. SHE HAS NO IDEA IN WHAT DIRECTION FLOW HAS GONE. NORMALLY, FLOW WOULD COME AT FIFI'S CRIES, BUT APPARENTLY CAN'T HEAR HER ABOVE THE GROWING STORM. ALTHOUGH CHIMPS SEEM MISERABLE IN THE RAIN, SURPRISINGLY, THEY MAKE LITTLE EFFORT TO FIND SHELTER. EVEN IN A TORRENTIAL DOWNPOUR, THEY JUST SIT AND WAIT IT OUT. LONG COMMITTED TO OBSERVING THE CHIMPS SEVEN DAYS A WEEK, JANE IGNORED THE RAIN. SEARCHING FOR THE LOST FIFI, SHE SAW SOMETHING REMARKABLE INSTEAD, THE MALE GOLIATH, PERFORMING A SPECTACULAR DISPLAY. ENTHRALLED BY THE MAGNIFICENT RAIN DANCE, JANE WOULD LATER WRITE, WITH A DISPLAY OF STRENGTH AND VIGOR SUCH AS THIS, PRIMITIVE MAN HIMSELF MIGHT HAVE CHALLENGED THE ELEMENTS. TWENTY MINUTES LATER, THE RAIN DANCE WAS OVER, AS SUDDENLY AS IT HAD BEGUN. AMONG GOLIATH'S AUDIENCE, JANE SPOTTED FLOW AND FLINT. FROM HER TALL LOOKOUT, FIFI SAW THEM TOO. STRONG FAMILY TIES, TEMPORARILY BROKEN BY THE STORM, WERE ONCE AGAIN INTACT. THE RAINY SEASON BRINGS THE FLIGHT OF FERTILE WINGED TERMITES AS THEY LEAVE THEIR NESTS TO ESTABLISH NEW COLONIES. FOR CHIMP AND BABOON ALIKE, THEY ARE A TASTY DELICACY. BUT BABOONS CAN ONLY CAPTURE THE TERMITES OUTSIDE THE NEST AS THE SWARMS EMERGE AND FLY. WHEN THEY HAVE GONE AND WORKER TERMITES HAVE RESEALED THE NEST, THE BABOONS WILL MOVE ON. BUT THE CHIMPS NOT ONLY KNOW TERMITES ARE THERE HIDDEN BELOW THE SURFACE, THEY HAVE LEARNED HOW TO GET AT THEM. IN DEFENSE OF THEIR NEST, THE TERMITES GRIP ONTO THE GRASS, AND WITH UTMOST CARE, THE CHIMP GENTLY DRAWS THEM OUT. AS A STEM BECOMES BENT, THE CHIMP BREAKS OFF THE END TO MAKE IT WORK MORE EFFICIENTLY. SOMETIMES A LEAFY TWIG IS SELECTED, BUT FIRST IT MUST BE STRIPPED OF ITS LEAVES. IN THESE ACTIONS, MODIFYING NATURAL OBJECTS FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE, THE CHIMP IS NOT ONLY USING, BUT ACTUALLY MAKING TOOLS. IT SEEMS CERTAIN THAT THIS IS A LEARNED BEHAVIOR PASSED FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION BY WATCHING AND IMITATION. FLINT DOES NOT YET KNOW HOW TO FISH FOR TERMITES, BUT ALREADY HE IMITATES PART OF FLOW'S TECHNIQUE. JANE'S PROOF FLINT DOES NOT YET KNOW 或包括人類與蜘蛛 蜘蛛的腦袋 永遠不會設計一臺電腦 也不會想像一把堅固的工具 從石頭上散發出來 但他的腦袋 比任何其他生物 都像我們的腦袋 而肯定是如此 我們遠離人類的祖先 開始了 學習掌握自然世界 在不斷努力生存中 對一隻飢餓的蜘蛛 下雨水 困在一棵木頭裡 是邀請 但不容易得到 再一次 蜘蛛們學會了 解決問題 是用工具 下雨水的葉子 就像一張棉花 咬著它 讓它們更容易吸收 使用棉花 蜘蛛可以得到 八倍多的水 比用手掌 獨有的水 困惑的蜘蛛 像菲菲一樣的年輕人 學會了從老蜘蛛 因此 技術被傳承 在岡比的蜘蛛 數量蜘蛛 大約是四比一 大多數時候 兩種種類 和平相處 但蜘蛛 是食物的競爭者 而蜘蛛 可以產生壓力 因為蜘蛛 有能力使用武器 又是另一種工具 甚至一個年輕人 可以啟動一個 已經成長的男孩 蜘蛛是有效的 但如同Jane所說 有時侯 侵略是非常真實的 一隻小蜘蛛 被一羣蜘蛛 捕獲和殺害 牠們會在牠的殘餘中 慶祝 Jane的發現 讓科學世界感到驚訝 蜘蛛不是 我們以為的溫柔的蔬菜 但像人類 是一個豐富的蜘蛛 有時侯 牠們會合作 捕獲和殺害蜘蛛 牠們還會殺死 小蜘蛛 蜘蛛和蜘蛛 大多數時候 蜘蛛喫的肉 只有牠們自己殺死 確實 死亡的動物 常常是一個複雜的現象 Gambi的成名 訪問學生和科學家 成為了現場的一部分 某天 為了錄製 蜘蛛的呼喚 Jane放出了 大量的香蕉 結果 是一股迷茫的興奮 迫切的懇求 和暴力的暴力 因為 蜘蛛 的過度侮辱 Jane不滿 這樣的人類的行為 但這集 並沒有缺乏價值 顯示了蜘蛛的 敏銳的模樣 主導和提供 蜘蛛的強烈需要 來得到觸感的肯定 遇見的聲音 被學生們 仔細分析 專注於 蜘蛛的聲音 是一種 過去幾年 Gombi 從世界各地 引導了學生 他們的興趣 從生物學 到交流 到心理學 來自於Jane 和她創造的 生物實驗室 獨特的機會 為了避免 未來的蜘蛛攻擊 Jane 設計了一個 靠遠距離控制的 補償系統 現在蜘蛛被飼養 只要牠們 獨自到達 或在小羣體中 然後 只要每十天 看來不高興 這個新的情況 蜘蛛的創造力 讓他們的願望得知 蜘蛛在營中的存在 提供了不可能 在森林中 實驗的機會 牠們如何反應 來避免 牠們如何反應 來避免 新的事情 所有的蜘蛛 都非常有興趣 但經常 害怕不熟悉的東西 第一次 Flint嘗試了 一般的男性 侵略示範 拉動植物 和印刷 後來Jane 擺出了一面鏡子 這明顯地 是一個吸引人的祕密 回過頭來 Jane會說 如果她知道 她的研究會不斷進行 她不會鼓勵 自己和蜘蛛的接觸 第一 牠們比人還強 如果牠們失去恐懼 就危險了 確實 在未來 Jane會減少 任何與蜘蛛的互動 但目前 經歷了長時間的 接受挑戰 David的沉默的 承諾 實在是 超乎理想 1966年 一場悲劇 疫情 傳播到 鄰近的村莊 而岡比 醒來的 是尿毒的沮喪 在岡比 從前到現在 從來都沒有 發生過 那麼可怕的事情 什麼都沒有 他們是我 人生中 最黑暗的一天 一場生命的夢魘 最惡劣的 悲劇 是老Mr.McGregor 他失去了 雙腿的使用 他只能夠 靠他的手 把自己拉到地上 其他蜘蛛 因此感到驚慌 並向老Mr.McGregor 發聲 只有他的 鄰近的 Humphrey 留在附近 母親 Ali 失去了 她一個月的 孩子 疾病 雖然她知道 他還活著 但她一直 帶著他的 死亡身體 三天 疫苗 傳播到 蜘蛛羣羣 但對很多人來說 太遲了 Flo's 兒子 Fabian 被一隻手 困擾 保護他 長距離的 直行 喫飯時 Mr.McGregor 學會了 把自己拉到樹上 只靠 他的手的力量 但他失去 雙腿 嘗試爬上去 現在 無法動了 Jane知道 她只有一個選擇 她的長時間 朋友 必須被殺 但1967年 會帶來喜悅 結婚三年 Hugo和Jane 現在有一個兒子 小Hugo 綽號Grub 會長大在一個世界 大多數孩子 從未見過 花少許時間 在工作 與Grub一起 Jane模仿了她的行為 隨著她一直觀察的 耐心 愛心 蜘蛛母 Gambi 是她說 養育孩子 最理想的地方 她說 你可以專注在 生活中重要的事情 家庭 和所有活生生物 的一致性 成為自然世界的一部分 她看著 自己的兒子長大 Jane繼續追蹤 Flo的兒子 Flint 他現在 四歲半 懷孕 她的第五個孩子 Flo正在增加 她嘗試 綁架Flint 他堅持 年輕人的年紀 但仍然 仍然嘗試 綁架 並要求 駕駛Flo 儘管他的體積大 當他拒絕了 Flint 通過暴力的 惡作劇 甚至打 毆打他母親 也許因為 她年紀太大 才能忍受 Flo經常 投入 並讓Flint 擁有他的路 後來 這會有 嚴重的後果 後來那一年 寶寶出生了 Flint和Jane 稱她為Flame 仍然接近 Placenta Flame只是 幾個小時的年齡 因為女性 生育 每五到六年 一名新生兒 總是引起 很多年輕人的 好奇心 Jane 懷疑了 生育的意義 對Flint來說 Flint的行為 會被預期 改變 隨著新生兒 但反而 他越來越糟糕 即使 他的弟弟出生了 當年 很多年輕人 變得更加獨立 Flint 仍然 向母親 請教 而且 更多時候 Flo 答應了他的要求 即使 Flame 在Flo的肚子裡 Flint 也有時 嘗試吐槽 六個月後 Flo生病了 Flame 消失了 不再出現 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flo 甚至不再 鼓勵Flint 獨立 Jane 懷疑 他會永遠 成為小孩 生育期望 一隻野生猴子 是猜測 四十到五十年 Flo 現在已經過了四十歲 懶散 穿著襯衫 大部分時間 靜靜地 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 沒有孩子照顧 Flame 現在 今天 不斷的建築物 替代了Jane的湖邊帳篷 有十個 Tanzanian Field Assistants 被訓練 幫助觀察蜘蛛 男性工作 兩人的團隊 每週 追蹤動物七天 近年來 他們和Jane 經歷了 驚人的轉變 像是Gombi 蜘蛛 似乎也改變了 如果我離開了 就像Lewis Leakey預測的 十年後 我們會有 非常不同的蜘蛛圖像 跟我們現在有的 人們的概念 是溫柔的 榮耀的 會被 蜘蛛的生活方式 複製成了 我開始 學習 一個社羣 1972年 那個社羣 被分成了兩個 其中一個部分 移到 整個社羣 共享的 南部 兩年後 一系列的事件 開始 我們在Gombi 看到的 最可怕的 是男性 在我們現在 研究的 加薩克萊爾社羣 中 不斷地 捕捉 小的 南部 人 攻擊他們 當他們 在自己 或小的羣體中 找到他們 在四年期間 每一個 七個男性 至少 一個 三個女性 移民到南部 都消失了 這次戰爭 發生的 一系列事件 真是 令人震驚 因為 這些攻擊 並不是 在一分鐘內 發生的 而是在20分鐘內 發生的 那些是 三個男性 和六個女性 共同 攻擊 一個受害者 受害者 看起來 是無法理解的 幾乎是 蹲在地上 甚至不想 再戰鬥 但他們 依然 抓住他 咬他 砸他 一個人 腿斷了 一個人 皮膚 從腹部 被割掉 這些都是 非常非常 殘酷的攻擊 我覺得 要考慮 這一點 是有點可怕 因為我們現在 知道 蜘蛛 是多麼的 激烈 這讓牠 變得 更像人類 我以為 牠們 是以前的 只有因為 Jane 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 牠們 是以前的 但是 你看到Getty 這樣 這是牠對公鼻 famoso的 減肥人 他 減肥 的 感情 是皇寶 這是他對一個 傳統布魯克的 長輩 spoon 房子 這是 人形 牠 長輩 像 頭 頭 和谷洛 一樣 牠 脫款 地 她的小女孩Pom 從Gilka的新生子中撿到 Gilka是一名Polio患者 是一名我認識的小孩 她是一歲多 她的母親Pashen 殺了她的孩子 她和她的女兒和她的兒子 在他們之間分屍 我認為這幾乎是不可置信的 但是一星期後 我到了Gombi 這確實是事實 而在接下來的四年 Pashen和她的女兒Pom 被證明殺害和喫掉 三名新生子 他們被監視 他們嘗試但失敗 捕捉了兩名 我們懷疑在那四年中 事實上 他們負責 十名新生子的死亡 Jane總是將Pashen 描述為某種不自然的母親 冷酷無情 甚至對她的年輕人 有時甚至是殘忍 但Jane不可能預測 Pashen會成為殺手 用如此暴力的攻擊 使她對人類觀察者 毫無關注 即使他們嘗試幹擾 為什麼他們會這樣做 我真的不知道 我懷疑這是 一種不可置信的行為 首先被母親顯露 然後被女兒模仿 這可能是 最難以理解和接受的事情 在哥倫比發生過 而這些母親的攻擊 描述的 都是最動人 最恐怖的描述 在這22年間 都發生過 例如Pashen 和Pom 兩位強勢的女性 攻擊了Melissa 和她三個月大的寶寶 Melissa的女兒Gremlin 比Pom還年輕 跑到兩位防衛員身上 看著這場恐怖的戰鬥 站起來 看著他們的眼睛 回頭看著場面 似乎真的要求幫助 但Pashen和Pom 比Melissa還強 他們成功抓住寶寶 讓Melissa受到極大的傷害 當他們抓住寶寶 並殺了她 當Melissa站起來 看著他們 Pashen接到她 擁抱和擁抱她 像是 我沒有要求你 我只想要你的寶寶 現在我滿意了 就像我說的 我們只是不明白這種行為 希望現在 這種行為已經結束了 Pashen已經死了 Pom並沒有顯示 她在做這件事 她自己並不可能 攻擊另一名女性 並偷取她的寶寶 至今,戰鬥已經結束 恐怖主義已停止 岡比再次安靜 但為了永恆的聲音 和非洲之夜的聲音 然後,在1982年夏天 一首歡樂的人聲樂團 在岡比的研究區 慶祝二十二年 慶祝生日派對 今晚分享 有些人乘船 有些人走了很多公里 以傳統的慶典和演講 他們聚在一起 慶祝未來 慶祝過去 二十二年後 我對岡比有許多深刻的回憶 我最喜歡回想的 是在遭遇困難 爬到山頂 再次爬到山頂 再次尋找 被獎勵的 是看到蜘蛛 但蜘蛛逃跑了 每次我去找牠們 蜘蛛就坐在那裡 看著我 知道我在那裡 而不在意 那是個非常非常美好的時刻 那是一種極大的滿足感 驕傲 在我被接受的事上 然後是一個相對不同的回憶 那是第一次 一位野生的蜘蛛母親 來到我身邊 讓她的孩子 用她雙眼裡迷迷糊糊的表情 來觸碰我 那當然是 Flo和她的孩子Flint 那是一個我永遠不會忘記的回憶 雖然這經常看起來是一輩子前 但她仍然記得他們 三代蜘蛛 讓她能夠進入 他們的私人世界 野生動物自由奔波 讓人類能夠 與牠們一起生活 成為朋友 今天 研究的方向 已無法預測 要由蜘蛛人自己寫下來 這是一個將來 Jane Goodall 期待著 和個人夢想 我希望能夠留在岡比 長時間 我可以在山上奮鬥 甚至 我希望 我能夠訓練別人 跟隨我的腳步 所以當我成為 一個老老實實的女人 我仍然可以聽到 Melissa的孫子 和Fifi的成功 在我老年期間 能夠開心 當Louis Leakey 告訴Jane 她的研究可能會持續十年 聲音就像是一輩子 而她私下裡 最多隻考慮了三年 已經進入了 她在岡比的第三年 敢於被野生動物接受的探索者 和一個人 現在無意離開