📖改變心理學的40項研究📖01-2

Theoretically, researchers aim to identify the degree to which the two hemispheres of the human brain can function independently and whether they have the ability to be independent. If the transmission of information between the two hemispheres of the brain is interrupted, will the right side of your body suddenly become unable to coordinate with the left side? If the language is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain, what impact will the ability to speak and the ability to understand words have on this operation? Does the process of thinking and reasoning exist independently in the two hemispheres? If the brain is really divided into two brains, when these two brains are not communicating, can a person still move normally? Since sensory input also affects the left and right hemispheres, what impact will visual, auditory, touch, etc. have? In the Grinnell study of Spelle and Gazzaniga, they tried to answer the above questions. Methods The researchers designed three sets of different types of tests to test the patient's series of psychological abilities, i.e. cognitive abilities. One test is to detect the vision. They designed a method that allows a picture of an object, a word, or a word to be printed on a piece of paper. It can only be projected to the left hemisphere of the brain or the right hemisphere of the single visual area, also known as the vision, and not to both sides at the same time. It should be noted that in a normal situation, the two eyes can transmit information to both halves of the brain at the same time. However, when an object or word appears in a certain precise position in front of you, when your eyes are focused on a specific point, the left or right view of your brain may get an image alone. Another test they designed is related to sensory stimulation. The patient can only touch it, but can't see the object, the word, or the word-composed word. This device is made up of a screen and a space after the screen, so that the subject can touch the object but not see it. The visual and tactile devices can be used at the same time. For example, when a picture of a pen is projected to a hemisphere of the brain, the pen and other objects are placed behind the screen to be touched by the subject. The last test is the hearing ability. This test requires more skills. When a sound is transmitted to one of your ears, it feels as if two halves of your brain are input at the same time. Therefore, it is impossible to restrict the hearing information to only one half of the brain, even for people with cerebral palsy. However, it is possible to restrict one half of the brain to react to the input information. The method is as follows. Imagine there are several ordinary objects, such as a spoon, a pen, and a glass ball. Put them in a cloth bag, and ask them to touch a specific object. You may be able to do it without effort. If you put your left hand in the bag, the right hand will be controlled by the right side of the brain. The opposite is the same. Do you think that one half of the brain can complete this task alone? As you will see later, the two halves of the brain do not have the same ability to execute this hearing task. If you don't ask them to find a specific object, but only ask them to put their hands in the bag and identify the object by touch, what will happen? This is not difficult for you. However, it is quite difficult for patients with cerebral palsy. The method of testing the two halves of the brain is to detect the function of the brain. Let's briefly summarize what I said earlier. In fact, this series of tests is to test whether the behavior of a person will be affected when two halves of the brain lose contact and are stimulated alone. There are three parts to this experiment. The first part is to test the vision. What will happen when the visual information you receive is only transmitted to one side of the brain? What is the difference between the left and right brain? For example, if this information is only transmitted to the left brain, what will you do? If this information is only transmitted to the right brain, what will you do? Of course, those patients with cerebral palsy cut off the parietal gland in order to treat the disease. So the two halves of the brain are separated from each other. There is no organ of the parietal gland to exchange information. The second part is about the touch. That is to say, the touch information we receive is only transmitted to the left brain and only transmitted to the right brain. For a person, what different reactions will he make? This can help us understand what is the difference in the processing of touch information between the left and right brains. The last group is to test the hearing. For the hearing, because we can't let a hearing information only enter the left brain or only enter the right brain, it uses a special design. That is to say, it inputs a hearing information as an instruction, and then allows you to use your left hand or right hand to complete this instruction. So let's see what difference it will make. In fact, the test here should be the left and right halves of the brain. When it controls different parts of the body, what is the difference in the processing of the hearing information received? This is the part we have read so far. So let's take a look at the results of the experiment. First of all, you should know that after performing this extreme brain surgery, the patient's IQ, personality traits, and special emotional reactions have not changed. They seem to be very happy and have the freedom to get rid of the disease. According to the report, a very weak patient even joked after the surgery that he felt a splitting headache. However, when the test began, these scoops showed a lot of unusual psychological and visual abilities. In the first test, a row of wooden boards with water bottles were arranged. When the patient sat in front of the wooden board and stared at a light bulb in the middle, these light bulbs shone in his left and right vision. However, when the researcher asked the patient to report what they saw, they said they only saw the light bulb on the right side of the board. Then the researcher only showed the light bulb in the patient's left vision. The patient reported that they didn't see anything. The only logical conclusion to this phenomenon is that the right hemisphere of the brain is a blind spot. Then something strange happened. The light bulb shone again. This time, the patient was asked to point out the light bulb that shone. Although they said they only saw the light bulb on the right side of the board, they could point out the light bulb in the patient's entire vision. After using this way of pointing out, we found that both hemispheres of the brain could see the light bulb, and they had similar visual abilities. The important point here is that the patient couldn't say that he saw all the light bulbs. It's not because they couldn't see, but because the center of the language was in the left hemisphere of the brain. In other words, in order to say what you saw, you have to let your left hemisphere of the brain see the light bulb. Let's stop here for today. There are also visual and tactile tests. We will continue to read. Here we see a very interesting point. The function of controlling the ability to express language is located in the left hemisphere of the brain. If some of the information we see and capture is not transmitted to the brain, we can't say that we saw or received this information. In other words, we don't know that we saw it, but if we point it out with our fingers, we can point it out. At least when we see something in the left and right hemispheres, we can successfully point it out with our fingers. In other words, the left and right hemispheres all have the function of controlling us to point out this object with our hands. But to let us say that this thing exists, or to let us say that we see this thing, this function only exists in the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere does not have this function. When I saw this experiment, I found it very interesting. In other words, our brain is very limited. There are some things that you may have received, you may have seen, but you don't know that you saw it. Just because this information is not transmitted to the area of ​​the brain processing language, is it possible that some people have a sixth sense, or they have a premonition, or they strongly feel that something exists, but they can't explain it. So we all say that this person has a strong sixth sense. Most people will think that this is just a kind of unintentional guess. But is it possible that he really saw this thing happen? However, because this information was not transmitted to the part of the brain area where he was responsible for language expression, he couldn't say that he saw it. Even he himself didn't know that he saw it. But he had this feeling. He strongly felt that this thing would happen, but he didn't know why he knew that this thing was about to happen. So from this perspective, our brain structure is actually to some extent limited our processing and processing of information. It limits our perception. Or there are some things that we can feel, but we don't know that we have already felt it. So there are some strange phenomena that we will explain as superstition or non-existence, or just our imagination or guess. But maybe your sixth sense is what really happened. Okay, that's all for today. Let's continue to read next time.