Chiến thắng Điện Biên Phủ năm 1954 - 56 ngày đêm chấn động địa cầu | Phim tài liệu KC chống Pháp

On November 15, 1953, Nava received a report that the 36th Regiment was moving to the northwest. Nava's mission said that if the Viet Minh occupied the northwest, Laos and the Kingdom of Luang Prabang would be threatened. The French command quickly made a decision. On November 20, 1953, the Viet Minh's sky was shaken by the sound of an airplane. The 6th Regiment and the 2nd Regiment of the 1st Regiment of the Central Regiment of the Viet Minh fell into the Viet Minh's sky. The next day, 3 other regiments fell into the sky. In just 2 days, the French dispatched 5,100 Viet Minh soldiers and 240 tons of weapons to the Viet Minh's sky. The jump to the border was named Con Hai Ly. Nava decided to leave Laos to help strengthen the border. On December 7, 1953, Nava sent Captain Kastri to command the border fortification and continue to strengthen the force to build a solid defense. The border fortification became a very large fortification group with 8 defensive centers divided into 3 sections. The central area is located in the middle of the Muong Thanh Valley with 5 defensive centers covering the Dukat command center. The northern area includes 2 defensive centers. The southern area has 1 defensive center. The enemy artillery positioned in Muong Thanh and Ong Kum. A large number of tanks were positioned in the central area and the southern area. US Vice President Richard Nixon criticized the construction of a base group. Many French and American generals who visited the border fortification said that this was a Viet Dong in Asia. It was a very strong defensive form. Captain Kastri stated that the purpose of the border fortification was to crush the Viet Minh's evil intentions. According to the French commander, Mr. Bourdarin, he used the image that the border fortification was the 10th largest. The strength, the scale, the size of the weapons and the military was considered the 10th largest. The French thought that the border fortification was definitely a stronghold to crush the Viet Minh. However, with the eyes of a general who had 8 years of confrontation with the French army, General Gap stated that no matter how the enemy changed, the enemy jumped into the border fortification was basically beneficial to us. In Tien Keo, on December 6, 1953, Chairman Ho Chi Minh held a meeting of the Political Department on the plan to attack the border fortification. The meeting stated that the border fortification would be a strong stronghold, but they had the basic weakness of being isolated. Everything related to the border fortification had to be based on the air. The Political Department decided to open the border fortification campaign under the name of Tran Dinh, established a party committee to confront the border fortification, and appointed Comrade Vo Nguyen Giap as the commander of the campaign as the secretary of the party committee. Before General Giap went on the campaign, Chairman Ho said, He gave him the full power to decide whether to fight or not. The mountains in the northwest were shaking, the roads were upside down, the people's forces were marching, pushing bicycles, connecting to the border, the troops were pulling guns up the hills, the rivers were flooding, the brave troops could not stop them. The whole country marched to the northwest, to the northwest, to confront the forces in the campaign. On our side, there were about 55,000 people, including 5 groups, 304, 308, 32, 36, 351, the Dekajet group of 75 mm, and the 82 mm gun, 4 120 mm gun teams, 24 75 mm gun teams, 24 105 mm gun teams, 76 37 mm gun teams, 12 H6 715 transport gun teams. On the enemy side, the French military forces in the border area had about 16,200 troops, with 16 regiments, 9 infantry teams, 1 cavalry regiment, 20 120 mm gun teams, 28 105 mm gun teams, 4 155 mm gun teams, 10 M24 Shafi US tanks, 200 transport vehicles, 14 planes, 7 destroyers, 6 reconnaissance planes, 1 helicopter. Tham Phua Cave, Truong Sinh Commune, Toan Giao District. This is the place where General Vo Nguyen Giap and the Ministry of General Command of the Dekajet Warfare Command made the signboard from December 17, 1953 to January 17, 1954. Here, the plan of battle was popular on the big sand sand. There were senior officers such as General Vuong Thua Vu, Le Trong Tan, Le Quang Ba, Dao Van Truong, Nam Long, Chu Huy Minh, Pham Ngoc Mau, along with many senior officers, regiments, regiments, regiments. The initial plan of battle was to fight fast and win fast. The 308th Regiment attacked the Western Resort Group through the positions on the field leading straight to the command post of General Dekajet. Regiments 32, 36 had the mission to attack from the east where there were weak points of the enemy. The battle was expected to take place in 2 days and 3 nights. We were ready. When the artillery was ready, we immediately discussed how to run fast and overcome the small weak points. We did not need to interfere. We just had to fight. We did not allow the enemy to attack us. We had to run fast. The day of the gunfire was decided at 5 p.m. on January 25, 1954. But on that day, a soldier was arrested. General Vong Nguyen Giap decided to fire the gun at 8 p.m. Analyzing the situation in reality, General Giap found that from the popular mission of fighting in Tham Phu cave until now, half a month had passed. The French army at Dien Bien Phu was no longer in a defensive position but had been built into a solid base with the maximum support of the air force and artillery. On our side, we had a lot of difficulties when fighting in a joint defense group. This was the first time we had a large-scale coordination between the army and the artillery. Our team did not have the experience of fighting in the open air on a flat terrain with the enemy and had the advantage of aircraft, artillery and tanks. On January 26, 1954, the meeting of the front-line party took place in a calm atmosphere. The main focus was to move from quick attack, quick win to solid attack, solid advance. There were many disagreements between the two sides of the war. The base and the actual situation of the battlefield had a historic decision. We were determined to win the war but the situation had changed. We had to change. We had to pull out the artillery and form a joint position. We had to start at 5 p.m. We did not have enough money to buy a camera. The general wrote a letter to the political report. A few days later, he received a letter from the secretary-general. A few days later, Van received a letter from Mr. Truong Trinh saying that you and the political department had decided to change the direction of the battle. To ensure the necessary to win the war, under the command of the Central Party, for the first time in history, the whole nation went to the battlefield. Young men, women, boys and girls from many places moved a huge amount of food, medicine, ammunition, weapons to Dien Bien Phu. French planes were constantly bombing and the railways were cut off. Pha Dinh Hill was singing even though the bombs were falling. We did not regret it. The poems of the poet were like a plan to record the morale of the People's Army during the Dien Bien campaign. We mobilized more than 260,000 people with 3 million days of work, 21,000 motorbikes, 12,000 rafts, 500 horses, 25,000 tons of rice, 900 tons of meat, 917 tons of other food. To serve 4 infantry regiments and 1 artillery regiment, we mobilized 1,783 tons of gasoline, 55 tons of medicine, more than 3 million bullets, 96,000 bullets, 89 km of new artillery and 500 km of road repair. In the Dien Bien Phu campaign, the Soviet Union gave us a 37-caliber artillery unit, modern H-6 anti-aircraft guns and 685 transport vehicles. China gave us 1,700 tons of rice and a 105-caliber artillery regiment. With the advent of new warfare, the units had to pull out the artillery and then pull it in to regroup the forces. We had to pull the artillery in front of people and go over the mountains to the northern mountains. At the same time, the most difficult part was to go over the highest peak of the mountain, Phu Pha Phu River. Although it was a mountain range, it was very long and the slope was very high, from 40 to 45 degrees. We had to go over it. On February 1, 1954, the 37-caliber artillery unit of the 827th Regiment, the 394th Regiment, and the 367th Regiment were led by Captain To Vinh Dien to the peak of Phu Pha Phu River. The enemy artillery shot them down. To Vinh Dien was brave enough to pull out his gun and protect the artillery from falling into the river and sacrificed himself. After regrouping the forces, we took the high positions around the electric fence. From here, the enemy's strongholds were blocked and targeted by the artillery. Him Lam This mountain is located in the northeast of Route 41, 2.5 km from the center of Muong Thanh. The French command here had the most experienced troops, the 3rd Le Duong Regiment of the 13th Le Duong Regiment. The general chose Him Lam to fight the enemy. We planned to attack on the 13th, to attack Dok Lam and Him Lam. But if we attacked later, the artillery would be scattered and the artillery would be shot straight. So we decided to attack again. The first attack was a decisive one. On the 13th of March, we attacked the center of Him Lam. At 5.17 pm On the 13th of March, 1954, the decisive battle between the Vietnamese and the French troops at the electric fence began. 40 artillery shells, 75 shots, and a little fire caused a lot of damage to the French troops. It was beyond the imagination of the French artillery commander, Pierrot, who was also the deputy commander of the French artillery. He said that the French artillery would not let any Vietnamese artillery shoot more than 3 shots without being damaged. In fact, it didn't happen like that. When Ducastri asked for an immediate counterattack, Pierrot sent 6,000 Taiwanese to the area around Him Lam but could not control the Vietnamese artillery. After the artillery was shot, many artillery guns were destroyed. The Vietnamese troops took the lead in the battle. The first Vietnamese soldiers were ready to accept the biggest risks. This is Chau Mai hole, where the Vietnamese artillery was shot in the direction of Him Lam. The soldier Phan Dinh Giot bravely used his chest to block the hole and sacrificed himself. At that moment, the Vietnamese troops rushed to destroy the hole. Phan Dinh Giot knew that he was badly injured and could not survive. So he hurriedly rushed to the hole and sacrificed himself. When Phan Dinh Giot was about to die, the Vietnamese troops rushed to the hole without being badly injured. The lieutenant-general Pe Go was killed right in the hole. The radio was destroyed. The communication between Him Lam and Muong Thanh was cut off. The Le Duong 3 regiment with nearly 500 French soldiers was wiped out. At 22.30, on March 13, the Him Lam site was completely destroyed. On March 15, 1954, we attacked Dok Lam site. The battle was very fierce. The Vietnamese troops were nearly killed. All the 81mm and 120mm guns were destroyed. Lieutenant-general De Castries ordered a counterattack with 105mm and 155mm guns. The tank of Muong Thanh was rescued, but it was a failure. After more than 3 hours, Dok Lam site was captured. After 2 nights, the Vietnamese troops were completely wiped out. At Ban Keo, after Him Lam and Dok Lam were defeated, the 36th and 308th regiments mobilized Thai soldiers to go to Hang. Ban Keo was liberated without guns. The 36th regiment took over the northern control of Muong Thanh airport. In the second phase of the war, we divided the enemies into 10 lines. Within 10 days, the units had to go 100km to build the lines to divide the enemy. A line of mines surrounded the whole central area of the city. The mines were short. From the forest, the mines were cut off and moved to the enemy positions. The mines surrounded us in a cage. The Vietnamese army was in a critical position. The Vietnamese army's mission was to think, to be patient and to hold on to the line of mines. It was a psychological work and we had to face it every day. The enemy discovered the danger of the mines. They used straight guns to destroy our line of mines. The soldiers had the idea to use the mines to block the lines and to avoid the enemy's straight guns. The French army had no solution to deal with the mines. I think the use of the Vietnamese strategy in this battle was really surprising to the French army and it seems that the French forgot about the Vietnamese strategy. The Vietnamese strategy was effective and the Vietnamese army was able to approach the Vietnamese line of mines step by step. After each night, the Vietnamese line of mines was blocked by the enemy. The Vietnamese army had to destroy the Vietnamese airforce to destroy the foundations of the air force. Since the end of March, the Vietnamese army was being attacked by Vietnamese airforce at the end of the month. The Vietnamese aircraft was continuously hitting the Vietnamese airforce day and night with many weapons. Our 37mm anti-aircraft guns have fought and captured the sky of Muong Thanh airport, making the French aircraft unable to land. They had to drop the missiles from 2,000 to 3,000 meters high and receive more than half of that number and land on the enemy's base. The third phase of the battle. All the attention of the whole battle was focused on the A-1 team. Here, they had a strong firepower at the bunkers, and the enemy's tunnels were continuously reinforced with tanks, helicopters and support from the center. About two regiments in the A-1 team controlled the entire center of Muong Thanh. Regiment 174, Regiment 36 took the mission to attack the A-1 team. The battle was very fierce. To destroy the A-1 base, we decided to dig a tunnel from our base to the enemy's bunker in the center, and use 1,000 kilograms of explosives to smash the tunnel. The mission of digging the tunnel was handed over to Comrade Nguyen Phu Xuan Khung, Commander of the Air Force. By the end of April 1954, all the preparations had been completed. On the night of May 3, 1954, the battle commander decided to attack the whole battle. The time of the explosion was set at 8.30 p.m. on May 6. The sound of 1,000 kilograms of explosives on the A-1 team was the signal for the attack. At 8.30 p.m. on May 6, the explosives exploded dozens of meters away, blew up the logo on the team, and most of the French army's army created an important opening. The whole battle was a total attack. The French army on the hilltop and in the depths counterattacked. The battle was fought with small arms, grenades, and grenades on each gun barrel. On the southwest side of the A-1 team, we destroyed the logo of the Da Cun tree, cut off the enemy's road to the hospital from Muong Thanh. Our team gradually destroyed each enemy bunker. On the morning of May 7, 1954, we occupied the A-1 base. The A-1 base was completely destroyed just over 12 hours after the A-1 was destroyed. At 5.30 p.m. on May 7, 1954, the flag of victory fluttered on the hilltop of the A-1 base. General de Castries and his team were captured alive. The next day, on the night of May 5, 1954, the hilltop of the A-1 base was completely destroyed by heavy rain, hail, and blood. The whole battle was a total attack. We destroyed and captured 16,200 enemies, captured 28 artillery guns, nearly 6,000 guns, 3 tanks, 64 cars, 43 tons of information equipment, 20 tons of medicine, 40 tons of ammunition, and 62 planes. The victory of the Viet Minh in the Battle of Biên Phủ made French and international newspapers stunned. At the center of the French newspaper, many newspapers published in May 1954 by Le Monde, Le Figaro, and other news agencies wrote about the victory of the Battle of Biên Phủ. All said that the defeat of France in the Battle of Biên Phủ signaled the end of the colonial regime in the East. The role of the US in the Battle of Biên Phủ was very important. By 1954, the US had given France more than 40 million tons of weapons, including planes, ships, tanks, armored vehicles, and personal guns. On March 22, President Eisenhower ordered the construction of an aircraft carrier to throw bombs at the Viet Minh's transport ships, especially on Sundays, to force the Viet Minh to withdraw its troops, but was opposed by many members of Congress. The US even proposed to throw atomic bombs into the Mekong River. However, the French refused. The Viet Minh was defeated, France and the US were torn apart in the East. In 1954, Mr. Ho sent a letter congratulating the officers and soldiers who participated in the Battle of Biên Phủ. He wrote that the victory was great, but it was just the beginning. Before I went home, I visited Mr. Ho. At first, Mr. Ho said that he was very happy to see me. The Viet Minh's victory was the victory of Ho Chi Minh. Therefore, the victory of Biên Phủ is also the victory of Ho Chi Minh. The victory of Biên Phủ shook the whole world. It brought Vietnam's history to a new level, completely defeated the French's efforts to re-establish the colonial system in the East. Ending more than 400 years of the colonial era.