scince paper 2 (chemistry) 2018- ECZ syllabus section A and B

okay welcome to eagles concept living room in this video we're going to walk you through science paper 2 2018 so this paper is composed of three sections and please remember that science paper 2 51 24 stroke 2 is composed of chemistry so section a has got 20 multiple choice questions section b has got about nine short answer questions and section c has got three questions of which you are only to answer to so let's go through section by section section a you are supposed to answer uh to give your answers on this provided grid for example the answer for question number one is d so you have to put your cross nicely like this this is how you answer now i'm going to advise if you are not sure about the answer you better mark it using a pencil which can either be rubbed off but in as much as you put it in a pen so please remember to always uh pass through with a pen because here it's not like grade 7 where we answer using pencils but a pen is what is advisable all right so question one reads which one of the following sub uh sublimes when strongly hit them now the key word in this uh question was sublimes so to sublime is to directly change from solid to change state from solid to gas okay so sublimation is the direct change of state from a solid to a gas without it passing through the liquid phase and this only happens when strongly heated examples of sub-substances includes iodine crystals so the correct answer for number one was iodine crystals question two identify the measuring operators shown in the diagram below so in the diagram below we have what is known as a conical flask now a conical flask is in the family of apparatus called volumetric class so there are three in this family we've got the conical flask we also have what we call the round bottomed flask like the name it looks round like that then we also have what we call a uh the flat bottomed flask which will definitely uh look something like this so let me just draw it a little bit nicer so that we are not uh guessing okay so this one will have a shape it's flat like it its name suggests so it will look something like this okay to look something like this so these are the three types of the volumetric flasks that we have this one is called a conical flask this one is called a round bottom flask and this one is called a flat bottomed glass so together they are known as volumetric class and their collective function or rather general function is preparation of standard solutions so standard solutions are solutions those concentrations are not okay so it is just based on you recognizing them by their ship and you can easily recognize that this one is a conical watch flask question three what stem is given to atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers so here you can recognize to say here this is the definition of an isotope so an isotope is defined as an atom of the same element so the same element having the same atomic number meaning same number of protons but different gravity number of neutrons or mass numbers so we can give an example of hydrogen so hydrogen has got three isotopes we've got what we call hydrogen one uh which has got a proton number of one and the mass number of one we've got hydrogen two also known as teotium which has got a mass number of two and the proton number one and we've got hydrogen three which is tritium which has got a mass number of three and uh a proton number of one so you can see same number of protons but different number of mass numbers for neutrons so our best answer here was simply isotopes so number three our answer was c let's go to number four metallic bonding is the loss and gain of electrons between metallic and non-metallic atoms no this one is just the definition of what ionic compounds are okay so we go to b this is uh sharing of electrons between non-metallic atoms so this one is covalent or molecular bonding then force of attraction between various electrons and the metal ions this is what metallic bonding is so for example i can draw something like this this is a box then in this box i'm going to show for example for sodium so it is going to be n a plus i write a lot of n a plus and then around it i put the electrons like that so in a plus i put the electrons like that so that is just any example okay we go to question five which which one of the following oxides can be neutralized by both aqueous sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid so we have something that can has properties of both acids and bases here and when we look at the types of oxide that we have we have got various types of oxides so forest that what we call the acidic oxide these are the oxides of non-metals for example carbon dioxide then we've got the basic oxides either these are the oxides of water metals for example calcium oxide magnesium oxide etc etc then we also have the neutral oxides so neutral oxides we have uh these uh mainly uh things like water okay these they are not reactive so we also have lastly what we call the amphoteric oxides now this amphoteric oxides these are the oxides that are able to react with both acids and bases so examples of amphoteric oxides we are talking about the oxides of lead the oxides of zinc and the oxides of aluminium so those are the three common ones so let's see if we have any of those on here on the list provided so d qualifies because we have lead oxide okay question six study the reaction scheme below black solid a reacts with the use of uric acid to produce light blue solution now light blue solution this one always in chemistry it indicates the presence of copper 2 plus ion okay so this light blue solution they added hydrochloric sodium hydroxide followed by excess of it then it gave us a light blue ppt so here we have just confirmed again that we have copper two plus ions okay then uh when you check here they are saying this is a black solid which was able to give a light blue solution now a solution this one can be a salt now a salt it also produces water so this is a neutralization reaction that you're talking about so basically this is a base okay so a base which is a solid it has to be an oxide so definitely here we are talking about it copper to oxide so we have analyzed that so copper two oxide will give us copper two uh so this one this is copper two oxide uh so this copper two oxide will give us this one okay so let's look at what we have so this solution we can easily identify it so black solid uh our black solid here uh the answer is actually here we have copper oxide and the water okay so we continue this one reads seven point eight grams of pure zinc metal was reacted with the uh hundred centimeters cubic of two point zero moles of this meter acutely hydrochloric acid which one of the two substances was a limiting reagent reactant in excess and the correct formula for products so now the first thing that we have to remember here is remember they say plus an acid okay so metal as an acid will always produce a salt and hydrogen gas so these are the products all the time so we just try to fill in the metal that we have here is zinc okay so zinc plus the acid that we have is simply uh the edge cl so we have the hcl okay then this one should be able to give us so you always get the metal and the last part so this one will give us zinc chloride like this okay so zinc chloride then plus c our hydrogen gas always ensure to write the state symbols as you're writing equations so this is solid aqueous aqueous gas you write that okay then you also balance since you have one here one there one two there which means that you can add a two here and the equation is it balanced okay now what they want us to find is a limiting reagent now when you are reacting first over from the equation there are certain things that we know we can go to formula for products so this one here it's correlating with the products okay this one no the water makes it wrong this one they forget they forgot to do so this is wrong this is also wrong and this is also wrong because of the two formulas here so this formula is accepted so without further ado this is the only thing that has accepted making a our best answer the other method of finding this one in this case it it is the one for calculating because limiting reagent is a reagent that is in short supply by more ratio so you can easily say number of moles of zinc okay divided by one which is the coefficient there is equals to number of moles of hcl okay so number of moles of hcl over two penny you can find the number of moles of hcl by using the formula number of moles is equals to mass over molar mass so the molar mass you get on the periodic table then for this one you can use because what you've been given is concentration and d uh what you've been given is volume and concentration so you can use number of moles is equals to c d and you can use this one also it can help you but in this instance all you needed was a reaction equation so that you determine the product and the answer will automatically come out as a a okay question eight reads how many moles of oxygen gas will occupy a volume over 1200 centimeters cubic at room temperature and pressure now at rtp there is a simple rule one more okay one more of any gas at rtp occupies a volume of about 24 decimeter cubic so 24 this meter cubic okay now how many moles or actually the equivalent to the volume that would be given so now before you can use this volume ensure that you convert it to this meter cubic by dividing priority a thousand so you divide by a thousand why because we know that one one 1000 centimeter cubic is equivalent to one case meter so divide this by a thousand and you are going to have something like a one point uh two so you cross multiply there you are going to have your 24 x [Music] being equal to uh one point two so you divide this one by 24 also this side you divide by 24 so you do that this chemistry can make use of a calculator so you find that x will be equal to so you you punch on your calculator and x will be 0.05 v moles so please we are doing this go through with your calculator as well don't just be watching as if you are watching the same one so make sure that you also practice through with a calculator so 0.05 months okay so 0.05 months is what we have found and you check on the answers we have 0.05 months yes we do and question 8 the answer is a we proceed elena carried out for experiments on rates of chemical reactions the result of the experiments were recorded on a graph comes from below so when you look at this graph you can tell that this one started very fast okay followed by three two then one was the least okay which reaction shows the fastest reaction rate so this one was clearly d okay it was clearly d so you can check the one which has this tip here it shows fastest because if you can make some lines for example you make any lines like this okay you can also make maybe a line like this one so you can tell to say here the same amount of room has the same amount of uh the same amount of product we have produced here and there and also somewhere there but one thing that is different is if this take for instance this is time number one then this is time number uh maybe two seconds then this one will be three seconds so you can say we also say this is five centimeters now for reaction number one five centimeters cubic was produced in one second then for reaction number two five centimeters cubic was produced in two seconds then for this one in three seconds so you can tell that rate is always product over time so this one was very fast that is one way you can actually determine the rates using the graph okay question 10 element of you has high boiling and melting points it forms two oxides so it forms the view and w two or three this element is now you can see the valence the variance of uh w in here and the variance here is different so the variance here is two but the variance here is three now when you look at the periodic table all the way from the alkali alkaline f metals transition elements uh the halogens and all the way up to the noble gases it is only transition elements that have the ability to form two different to have different balances so the correct answer is transition element so element uh this element is what it is a transition because transition elements devotee variability balances okay so let's read question 11 so question 11 reads rubidium is in group one of the periodic table which element okay so which element uh which element is in the same period with rubidium but found in goku so now when you roughly look at the periodic table i think let me just draw something roughly so our periodic table will look something like this okay to look something like this just the top part so we have uh one uh group two then three four five six seven and eight so going down here like this going down like that this is a group okay then going across like this this is a period so now period one starts from where there is hydrogen there and helium on the other side that is period one so period two when you check on your periodic table period two that is where there's lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine and neon okay so always remember that now the question here is saying rubidium easy in one of the periodic table which element is in the same period with rubidium so when you check where there is rubygem there we start counting it to be one two three four five so rubidium is in periodic five and then they are saying which element is in the same period with it will be jammed but found in group five so you hold ruby down you keep on going until you go to group 40 and this one will be found to be uh it will be found to be uh sb this is sb and the name is antimon so you find your answer as b so always remember the periodic table is a very important tool if you have to pass chemistry so and it is given usually at the end of every question paper there is a periodic table that is provided question 12 methods are able to conduct electricity because so let me just give a comment here now most metals are solids at rtp so if metals are solid that are active we expect that they have closely packed particles like in their t in a solid so now these metals are able they are called good conductors of heat because although they close the factory particles that is another reason now metals are also good conductors of electricity because they have delocalized electrons so the wave delocalized simply means mobile electrons so those are two different things the reason why they are good conductors of heat and the reason why they put conductor with electricity these are two very different reasons so always let's remember that i'm emphasizing they are good conductors of electricity because they've got delocalized electrons which means mobile electrons there the electrons are able to move about and they are good conductors of heat because of their close departments just like in a solid okay so we can pick our answer from here they have delocalized electrons so automatically that is our answer okay now their particles are closely packed no this is an explanation for the reason why they are good conductors of heat okay they form ionic compounds not the adapter this is uh another reason also so look at these things as we meet them number 13 elena set up the following experiment using ion nails okay then here we have tap water we have the iron nails okay here we have oil boiled water iron nails and here we have iron nails cotton and uh calcium oxide okay so these are in which institute will the nails rust now let's look at the three conditions that are necessary for rusting or water of iron so rusting of iron requires air water and an electrolyte so we are talking about here air okay water and what we are calling any electrolytes okay now when you look at that one uh definitely here you check let's check uh this one test tube x so in this two x we have got tap water and robotic the ion water the iron nails okay so here the best answer is actually c why because in here we have some air that is coming in then we've got the water the tap water here and we have a strong electrolyte as well now here in this tuber said why can't it happen because here we have the cotton wool and there is no water here so this one cannot happen because there is no water also here the oil here is to prevent the air from reaching in the water here so there is no air meaning rusting cannot happen but here we have access air is coming in the new body the tap water at least and in the water here it's possible there is an electrolyte so uh x the only one which is expected uh that rusting can take place okay f14 which gases make up more than 90 of dry air so now uh the composition of air when you look at it is 79 percent to 80 percent oxygen then you are going to talk about it 21 uh sorry 29 79 percent nitrogen so this is the nitrogen then 21 percent oxygen that is the composition then we have about 0.03 carbon dioxide and the other gases also so when you just add these two we are going to have a zero there then seven uh seven seven okay that is nine there and so these two here they will give you the percentage so i'm emphasizing let us know there percentage composition of air so go t 79 nitrogen 2.1 oxygen 0.03 carbon dioxide then we also have some percentage of water vapor and the noble gases so those are very small percentages so once you know that you can easily combine any two so which gases make up more than 90 percent of dry air it is it these ones here so the best answer here was simply nitrogen and oxygen so the answer for 14 was actually d okay go to question 15 in a particular laboratory the following elements were in stock zinc copper sodium carbon and iron okay so the arrangement of the elements in order of their decreasing reactivity is so this one now are emphasized i'll just take you to something called the reactivity series so this reactivity series here it has to be memorized at four times so here we are we mean that potassium is the most reactive then code is the most reactive so this reactivity series here they were testing how fast metals react towards water and towards acid and this is the order in which they get okay so some here they do not even react them with acids in real life because they are explosive and they can cause uh they can cause accidents in the lab so some metals when you're handling them we use water others will use acids like these that are below hydrogens here you know hydrogen you can use acid but these things like the potassium sodium we can't use the acids because their reactions can be explosive okay so please let's bear this in mind and see which ones they are so here the metals that we've been given we've been given zinc copper sodium carbon so being given zinc copper sodium carbon and ion so and ion which is f e so we have to put them in rt in order okay so we have to put them in our t in order so uh in order what they're saying in order of decreasing reactivity decreasing so we are starting from the highest to the lowest so from here we know that this one is sodium in here so definitely sodium is the most reactive here when you check so sodium so this one would be n a okay from sodium it has to go through okay so we have our sodium here then we've got our carbon where is carbon here we have carbon somewhere okay let's see no carbon for now we go to which one is more reactive between zinc and copper so zinc is more reactive so we go to zinc then zinc we go to iron so zinc iron so so this is the decreasing now uh where we place carbon it will be automatic from the choices that will be given because carbon is apparently not part of our team uh not part of our reactivity series here okay and it is not a matter of this one actually it is somewhat non-native okay let's see about that so uh we are saying sodium zinc iron so sodium zinc iron copper sodium zinc ion copper so let's check we start with this one sodium carbon zinc ion copper so the answer is straightforward here it is see it is making much more sense now here we know i have to start with sodium now this one is uh sodium ion carbon zinc copper okay so now here this carbon here cannot be more reactive than zinc that is so the best answer here was c and i'm emphasizing let us know the reactivity series okay let's go to question 16. the diagram below shows the center used to detect the presence of carbon dioxide in polluted air so polluted air goes in then substance x here they are the only thing that we use is lime water and uh lime water is actually calcium hydroxide so this x here it's automatically calcium hydroxide this is what we use when testing for the presence of carbon dioxide because it turns new so calcium hydroxide is known as lime water so the lime water turns milk go to question 17 the diagram below shows the fraction of this nation of crude oil so the diagram below shows the fraction of distillation of water cold oil so here we have the fractionating column we have crude oil and that is how we create so let me just explain something about this fractionating column so those that have good high high boiling points and high densities they are collected at the bottom then those that are lighter and no boiling point they are collected at the top so the petroleum is there then we've got the determinant at the bottom there so which explanation below is the correct reason for fraction h to be connected below fraction g so fraction h it means it is with a higher voiding point and also high weight okay so it is higher that's why it is collectively below fraction g so average molecular mass of h okay greater than g okay so we'll set the variety for greater than g according to what we've written there then boiling point of h it is also higher than g so automatically this is the truth okay so that explanation should be able to uh get you through question 18 a substance that conforms to a homologa series with a general formula cnh2n is now this general formula we have to keep them off by heart so this general formula here we are saying uh this one is for what we call the alkenes with an e our kings again that is the general formula there then we also have the c n h r two n plus two this one is for alkenes then we have others like c n h uh two n plus one then o h this one is for the alcohols then we've got others like for acids which is cn uh h uh 2n okay plus then we have just c o o h so this one is for carboxylic acids okay so let's be aware of these various uh molecular uh general uh formulas okay so uh here let's now choose the correct answer having that little bit of knowledge so this is our pins we know then let's look at okay this is an acid so butane eugene is definitely an okay you don't know you don't know okay so the best answer here was it you team because that is the only one which is the in this family of whom how kids all right so question 18 the answer is uh b let's go to question 19. which one of these organic compounds will decolorize from my vapor now uh bromine vapor can only be decayed by alkenes so alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons so unsaturated hydrocarbons are the ones that are able to react with bromine okay to colorize it from its reddish brown color to calories so on the options here we have to look for anime alkene so the fact that this one has got all h it can't be an alkene the fact that this one has got cl which means that it's not an alkene so the answer is either b or c now how do we know we tested them using this formula c n h and uh two n so we test them so the first one has got therefore so if we say c4 okay then h there uh a two where there is n we put e4 so this one is going to be c4h8 which components this one so this one is correct this one because if you put therefore it will be eight then plastic plus the two is going to give us a 10 so this will turn into an alkene which has got a formula similar to this one here all right question 20. so now organic chemistry as i wrap up section a organic chemistry about three uh three questions three or three questions 17 18 19 20 or so they are about organic chemistry so you have no choice but to know organic chemistry okay so study the organic structures below so these are the structures that have been given here then the question says which one of the above structures our tea are isomets okay now isomers uh isomer isomers these are organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structurality formula so same molecular formula but different structurality formulas okay so what we can do here let's let's convert these into molecular formulas so you just say one two three four so this is c four then you have h you see what you come up with so we have h one two three four five six seven eight nine uh uh okay so nine so we're just going to write c nine then it doesn't oh h at the end so that is the molecular formula there we do this we do the same to this one we have one two three four so this is four so we also have c four and we count this is one two three four five six seven eight so this is h h and it has a double bond and we do the same to this one this is one two three four so that is also c four then h okay so c four h then we count one two three four five six seven eight so this is eight here then we do the same to this one we have one two three four five so this is c five then h okay so c5 then h so we have one two three four five six seven eight nine ten so this is the ten so now let's look at two formulas that are the same so we've got it this is two here this one and this one here so this is the two and the three okay so giving us the answer as b so that marks the end of section a all right let's see if we can also uh go to section b okay so section b it says answer all questions write your answers in the spaces provided on the questioning paper read very carefully the instructions on the answer should not instructions always part of the exam so let's go the first one says describe and you answer everything within the provided spaces so describe the types of movement of particles in what number one solid so here the answer please pay attention to what i'll be saying i'll be doing less of the writing okay i'll only write when it's necessary to write so follow me as i explain through so the short answer to right here is that solids vibrate about their fixed positions then liquids vibrate by moving over short distances those are the answers solids vibrate about their fixed positions liquids vibrate by moving over short distances so chemistry has been found to improve the livelihood of mankind state any two benefits of chemistry to mankind okay because of chemistry we are able to make uh medicinal drugs which improve our health because of chemistry we are able to purify water so because of chemistry uh we are able also to make cosmetics etc etc we go to b2 the diagram below shows one of the laboratory operators now the name of these apparatus is called a separating panel so this guy is called a separating one t final so now how does a separating panel work it's very simple a separating funnel is used to separate two miscible liquids okay two invisible liquids for example you can have a mixture of cooking oil and water that can be separated by a separating panel so this thing uh it has a top a top here and uh once you mix uh the the one that is denser that that is this will go at the bottom then the one which is lighter will be at the top then you can easily open the top and one will go out leaving the other one so there's the clear separation that is formed okay so now we are saying state the use of the apparatus shown below like we have said it is used to separate illicible liquids examples here we have cooking oil and water proceed in chemistry substances are classified as compounds or elements okay so in chemistry uh those are the the the separations there so we should be able to remember that an element is a pure substance which cannot be split into two or more simpler substances okay once we know the definition then we can tell the differences so here the two things that you are interested in is it uh distinguished talking about an element so an element is a pure substance that cannot be split into two or more substances then a compound on the other hand is a uh a compound is a mixture of two or more elements which are chemically combined so compound it's a mixture of two or more elements that are chemically combining okay so the difference here is that if an element cannot be split into two or more substances whereas a compound can be split into two or more compounds by chemical means the table below shows the chemical formulas for substances so these are the substances that we have in from the table classified they are classified the substances into elements and watering compounds now when you look at oxygen oxygen is just a diatomic element so this one is an element then hydrogen is also a diatomic element then this is ammonia here in ammonia we have nitrogen and the hydrogen so it's a mixture this one which has just been chemically combined so this one is a compound okay so that one is a compound and this one also we have sulfur oxygen meaning it is also a compound we go to before study the reaction scheme below so we have dilute sulfuric acid and we have magnesium rt metal so now here you can see this is acid so we're talking about acid plus metal here okay this is magnesium so what we expect is that we are going to have a salt plus hydrogenated gas that is the general rule okay so here they are now uh you can just write an equation and you answer for your problems so here we have magnesium metal so this one will just be mg with the state symbol s reacting with uh reacting with sulfuric acid which is h2 s or and this one should be able to give us uh okay mg so mg is going to do so it will just be mg s or four and this is aqueous plus uh so always putting solid so this is aqueous here across a q okay then even this one will also be aqueous we put in smaller brackets aq then we have our hydrogen gas so this is hydrogen gas here you have a g okay hydrogen gas now you can ensure that your equation is balanced so we have one there one there two there to there four therefore okay this one is it balanced now let's answer the questions so identify substances a and d so as you can tell a here this is the magnesium sulfate then b this is simply hydrogen gas so this is our okay identified then magnesium sulfate is an ionic compound write the chemical formula of all the ions that form magnesium so here we you're just writing the ions so now the ions is where you split this guy so when you split this guy you're going to have the following ions you're going to have mg 2 plus and okay and s o four then two negative so these are the ions that you're going to have remember when you are writing a formula we do write like mg with the two here then the surface also with that a balance of two there then you interchange these two so we need to change these two since they have two is going to cancel that is how you come up with the mg s or uh and therefore so that is where all this is coming from then write a balanced chemical equation sowing state symbols for the reaction between magnesium and sulfuric acid this is the one all of which is what you're supposed to write it here then name the acid that easy so this is the name the acid that is found in mu so the name of the acid is called lactic acid so the name is lactic acid so we have lactic acid okay so this is lactic acid all right we continue we go to b okay that was before check out b5 and 6 later on go to b seven so b7 uh the question reads group eight elements of the periodic table are also called group two zero explain why group eight elements of the periodic table are also referred to as zero so the answer is very simple they have a valency zero meaning they have no balance what common name is given to the four elements of the periodic table so these guys are known as noble gases okay they are called noble gases elements of the periodic table are practical used in everyday life all elements of the periodic table have practical use like give one use so this one is used in a light bow okay it's used in a light bulb so in argon you find uh that in in a bulb you find argon okay we go to neon neon is used in advertising science we see when we are moving around on the road you you see some advertising signs and all that so that is the use of watching neon okay we go to d8 one of the odds from which zinc is extracted in zinc what is the chemical name of zinc blend so the chemical name for zinc blend is known as zinc sulfide so you write it in words and you put the formula in brackets so it's zinc sulfide okay so that one is known as zinc sulfide okay now zinc blend is rusted in air producing zinc oxide and a gas that should not be allowed to escape into the atmosphere name the gas produced so the gas produced sulfur dioxide okay why should you not allow the gas to escape into the atmosphere so this one might cause acidic rain sulfur dioxide might cause acidic rain the zinc oxide produced is reduced to zinc metal at a high temperature by a reducing agent okay name the reducing agent and construct the weight equation for the reaction so the reducing agent is actually carbon monoxide and the reaction is written as follows so we are going to write zinc oxide definitely which is a solid this one will be reduced by the reducing agent which is c or and this one you know it's a gas okay so since it's a reduction what we are going to have here is we are going to have zinc as a solid okay so zinc will be reduced as the the carbon dioxide will be given out okay so carbon dioxide is this one here so that is our balanced chemical equation now zinc is used in me making roofing sheets okay so give one use a zinc this one is used making roofing sheets okay so uh b9 we try to explain this one as well okay so if in c2h4 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon it is manufactured from petroleum as shown in the flow chart so we have petroleum uh going to kerosene kerosene going to be in 18 going to body eating so we can simply identify these processes so when petroleum is good or actually it undergoes uh frank fraction of this nation so fraction of this nation if you separate into various components one of them is the kerosene then this kerosene here is a large alkene so large alkenes can be broken down by a process called the catalytic so when you crack large alkenes you produce alkynes for example in here so if things also can be polymerized under addition polymerization to form in here so name the two processes y and z so y and z this is catalytic cracking and this one easy addition polymeric polymerization okay so the question is describe either process x or z include necessary conditions for any reactions so you can uh if you are explaining if you are describing process y for instance you are just going to explain to say process x is fractional displacement so petroleum is a mixture of long chain hydrocarbons and some elements like sulfur nitrogen so petroleum is heated so petroleum is heated it is heated uh to begin to separate according to their boiling points those lighter ones are looted first due to lower boiling point then for z here we can also describe uh addition polymerization uh okay so we go to see if thing can undergo hydrogenation hydrogen process with hydrogen write the reaction equation using displayed structures okay let me see if i can squeeze it somewhere here so using uh displayed structures uh what you're going to have is this one is in that one hydrogenation simply means addition of water hydrogen so this one is going to be the hybrid like that this one like this also there we have this one like this also here we have the same arrangement so reacting with what with the hydrogen hydrogen is diatomic so we write h and h then this one definitely it will be transformed into such an arrangement so see here we have the edge there then we also have the h at the bottom then this should connect to the c we have the edge here and we also have the edge there then from there we can have another h so this is the displayed structure and here we can use a nikkeil catalyst okay so we use a nickel uh catalyst all right ladies and gentlemen we'll end here for now and we'll continue with section c in the next video thank you so much if you've been watching us for the first time do not forget to subscribe and inform others about our learning thank you and bye