3 The Roof of Traditional Chinese Architecture 上分屋顶部分

What we just talked about are some of the structural features and artistic styles of the roof structure. On the roof structure, the roof part of Chinese architecture is called the top part. This is also a very important part of Chinese architecture. Some people in the society also call Chinese architecture the top part. This reflects the important position of the roof in Chinese architecture. On the one hand, the shape of the roof is very unique. On the other hand, it has a very large volume. Therefore, it is a very important part of Chinese traditional architecture. First of all, it has a very rich shape. It has a variety of shapes. There are five important types. These five types are the important aspects of the composition of Chinese traditional architecture. According to the different functions of the architecture, it requires different choices in terms of its level and the needs of its shape. These five types are the roof, the slope, the bow, the curve, and the hard. Of course, in addition to these five types, there are also other types. However, when we observe the roof of Chinese traditional architecture, we can find that most of them are one of the five types. Or it is composed of these five types in combination. This picture reflects the characteristics of these five types. This picture is a pentagonal shape, and it is a rectangular shape with two pentagonal roofs. This pentagonal shape is the highest level of Chinese architecture. The pentagonal shape is the highest level of Chinese architecture. For example, the most important architectural building in China, the palace tower and the palace, is composed of pentagonal shapes. Its composition is actually called pentagonal. In fact, it is more dignified, grand, and noble in shape. The right pentagonal shape is called the pentagonal roof. Its level is one level lower than that of the pentagonal roof. Or it is two levels lower. The lower left pentagonal shape is called the sloping roof. This is one level lower than that of the pentagonal roof. The lower right pentagonal shape is one level lower than that of the pentagonal roof. So its shape is relatively lively than that of the pentagonal roof. It is particularly suitable for the garden building and the temple building. The lower right pentagonal shape is called the sloping roof. Its style is more lively than that of the pentagonal roof. This picture shows the hard top of the mountain. This is usually used in folk art. For example, in the Sikhe Garden in the north, the hard top of the mountain is mostly used. The so-called hard top of the mountain is the roof that does not protrude from the two sides of the mountain wall. This is also because during the later development of the building, a large number of mountain walls were used to protect the wooden structure. Therefore, the hard top of the mountain was not needed. The hard top of the mountain was particularly suitable for residential buildings. As mentioned earlier, the pentagonal shape can be combined into a very rich and varied pentagonal shape through different combinations, crossings, and overlaps. The pentagonal shape can be combined into a very rich and varied pentagonal shape through different combinations, crossings, overlaps, and overlaps. This form a very beautiful structure. For example, the famous Yellow Crane Tower in China is combined with the Xieshan style architecture. The Tongwang Pavilion and the Forbidden City Corner shown on the picture now are actually crossings in different directions in the form of Xieshan roof. The roof structure is generally very rich. This picture is the Great Buddha Pavilion in Chengde. Through this picture, we can see that the top of the roof is a pentagonal shape made up of five pentagonal roofs. Finally, the height of the pentagonal shape is combined with the Xieshan style and the Yaoyan style to form a huge building unit. We can get such an impression from the several roof photos we just saw. The roof structure of Chinese traditional architecture is very different from that of the West. Simply put, it is the difference between straight lines and curved lines. The roof structure of Chinese traditional architecture is made up of curves. The internal logic of this structure is based on the structure of the wooden structure. Professionally, this structure is called a fold. When the structure of the roof is formed, it is a curve. The height of the roof is gradually rising from the roof face to the roof top. It is not a straight line. There is a different way of saying this structure. It is called the reverse-folding. In other words, since Chinese traditional architecture is made up of wooden structures, we need to build a large roof to cover the structure. In order to protect the wooden structure from rain and water, we need to build a roof to protect the structure from rain and water. At the same time, we need to protect the structure from light. In this way, the structure of the roof is formed. This is both good for the water and light. This allows more light to shine into the room. Another way of saying this structure is the reverse-folding. When the structure of the roof is formed, it is a curve. The structure of the roof is a curve. In this picture, we can see the Jinci Temple of the Song Dynasty in Shanxi. The curve of the roof is very obvious. It is a very strong curve of the roof. Not only is the roof a curve, but the room itself is a curve. The structure of the room is a curve. Generally, we think that the height of the pillar is the same as the roof structure. But actually, in ancient Chinese architecture, the height of the pillar is different. In the middle of a building, the height of the pillar is relatively narrow, and the height of the two sides gradually increases. In this way, the connection of the whole pillar is actually a fold line of near-fourth curve, and the curve of the whole house is mutually adjacent. In addition, there is another important feature in the construction process of the house body. The pillar itself is not 90 degrees perpendicular to the ground. It is slightly tilted towards the inside of the building at a certain angle. In ancient times, it was called the side angle. I just mentioned that the height of the pillar is a fold line of near-fourth curve, because the pillar gradually rises to both sides. There is a special teaching in Chinese architecture called升旗. These all reflect the very detailed and unique ingenuity and wisdom of the craftsmen. Due to these techniques and artistic processing, the shape of the whole roof is very light and floating. We can also think in the opposite direction. If there is no such curve processing, due to the large roof, the whole building will be depressed and sagging. After using the shape of the roof and the angle of the roof, the shape of the whole building is like a flying bird with wings. If we do a deep analysis, we can find some very sophisticated processing techniques on the curve of the roof. For example, the roof of a five-storey building is called a five-storey building. The roof of a five-storey building is a four-storey building. The roof is formed by a 45-degree line of four slopes. In this way, the shape of the roof is very narrow and narrow. In terms of shape, it is not very beautiful. Therefore, the Chinese ancient craftsmen carried out a special process. They stretched the middle five-storey building to both sides, which is called pushing the mountain, to lengthen the distance of the roof. We can see this effect from the comparison of these two pictures. The first picture is early. The middle five-storey building is relatively short. It looks rather sparse and uncompacted. The second picture is the so-called pushing the mountain. The middle five-storey building is extended. It feels more comfortable. If we look down from the sky, we can find that the roof of Chinese traditional buildings is not just a straight curve, but also a curved curve. For example, when we look at the slope on both sides, it may be a curved line, but when we look at it from above, we generally think it is a straight line. But in fact, according to the pushing the mountain process I just mentioned, the whole line is also a curve. That is to say, all the lines of the roof, no matter which direction we look at, they are all curves. That is to say, the design of the roof is very unique and very detailed. There is another way of processing, which corresponds to the pushing the mountain I just mentioned, which is called retracting the mountain. This is mainly for the shape of the sloping roof. It corresponds to the pushing the mountain I just mentioned. It corresponds to the retracting of the slope of the sloping roof. The sloping roof has a more even ratio and a more beautiful shape. These two ways of processing are very subtle and delicate. It shows that the shape awareness of ancient craftsmen is very delicate. The shape of the sloping roof is a symbol of the evolution of the style of Chinese traditional architecture. People often judge the style of Chinese traditional architecture by the shape of the roof. For example, in the early Han Dynasty, the roof of the palace was all straight. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the curve of the roof was very obvious, very elegant, and very complete. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the curve and the straight line cooperated with each other. There were some subtle changes in the composition of the curve. This is also when we judge the style of a building. For example, in the Qing and Han Dynasties, the roof was all straight. This picture shows an important palace building in the Han and Yuan Dynasties. The curve of the roof is very full and elegant. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the curve has changed significantly. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the curve is mainly reflected in the curve of the corner. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the curve is mainly reflected in the curve of the corner. This style of change is very important for an architectural style. Another feature that should be paid attention to in the roof is its decoration. We mentioned that in the design, production, and installation process of wooden structures, there is a feature that is the perfect unification of structure and decoration. This feature is also reflected very clearly in the roof. In the roof, there are some nodes that meet the structural requirements. After the artistic processing and processing of craftsmen, it becomes a very beautiful architectural decoration. At the same time, it expresses some cultural connotations. For example, in the combination of roofs, in order to prevent rain, the intersection is made into a roof joint, which becomes an important part of architectural decoration. A key decoration is made on the junction of these joints. For example, the red-tailed deer, which was originally installed to fix the parts of the horseshoe, was transformed into some decorative structures that express the identity and importance of the building. It makes the building very rich and expressive. At the same time, these structures also express the identity of the building. It is a symbol of equality. In the corner of the house, some important buildings express the identity and status of the building