Spartan Political System|Spartan Government

Assalam-o-Alaikum. Respected viewers, I welcome you to this lecture series on Western Political Philosophy and Thoughts. As you know, we have studied about the Greek city-state. We have discussed the Athenian democracy. In our last lecture, we have discussed the political institution in the ancient Greek. In today's lecture, we will discuss the Spartan political system. There were two famous Greek city-states in the 1100s or 1500s. One was Athens, which we have already studied. And the other was Sparta, which we will study today. Brief history of Sparta. It was located in Ligonia, Peloponnesus. Founded around the 9th century BCE. Known for the military strength and discipline and arrival of the Athens in the Greek wars. We have already studied that there was a war between Sparta and Athens. They were each other's rivals. In Athens, there was a democratic system. In Sparta, there was an oligarchic system. Kyrole and Peloponnesian wars. Sparta was fought between the Greeks from 431 to 404 BCE. Oligarchic system emphasizing stability and control. You can see this. This is Sparta. The broad area of this region was called Ligonia. The main city of Sparta was Sparta. From a moment in the ancient Sparta, there was an oligarchic system, which means ruled by a few. Power was divided among the two kings. Dual monarchy. Georgia. Council of the Elder. Ephor. Warshir. Warshirs. Ephela. Citizen assembly. Highly militarized governing system. Spartan social classes. The citizens were called Spartans. They were full citizens. There was an elite warriors class. Controlled land and politics. On the second number, Periosi. They were free non-citizens. They were free, but they were not considered citizens. They were free non-citizens. Immigrator. Crotsmen. Merchants. They lived in the surrounding area of Sparta. The high lords. State's own serf. Zarae Ghulam. They were a type of serf. Enslaved agriculture worker. They provided the economic support for the Spartans. Zarae Ghulam. Political system. Dual monarchy. Two king system. Two kings. Two kings from the Aegean and Iroquoian dynasties. The two dynasties were famous there. That is why there was a dual monarchy. So that both the dynasties had power. The king's functions. Led the armies. Performed religious duties. Like Athens and other city-states. They were different deities. Acted as chief judge. And limited power due to the other governing bodies. The council of elders. There were about 28 elders. They were called Jorantes. Two kings. There were 30 members. The kings were like cabinets. Member age 60 plus. Served for a lifetime. Responsibility of the council of elders. It proposed laws for the citizen assembly. The citizen assembly passed the law. Acted as a supreme court. The council of elders acted as a supreme court. The highest judicial body. Advised the king on policy matters. Five overseers. A supervisory body. Supervised the council of elders. Elected annually by the citizen assembly. Most powerful institution and practice. Supervised kings and jurors. Controlled foreign policy. Enforced laws and social discipline. Political system. USSR political system. Chinese political system. Iranian political system. Supervised other institutions. The citizen assembly. All male citizens. Over 30 years. Participated. Responsibility, power and functions. Voted on the laws proposed by the jurors. Jurors. Council of elders. Voted on the laws proposed by the jurors. Elected a force. Five overseers were elected. Elected a force. Declared war or peace. No debate. Only shouting. Military influence on politics. Dominated every aspect of Spartan life. Citizen train. Later on we will study Plato's education system. Why did Plato like the education system of Sparta? First of all, his education system was in the control of state. He used to train children from childhood. He used to train them. Military or different training. Where he used to train from age 7. That place was called Aghoj. Military service required until age 60. Governments focus on military stability. Strengths and weaknesses. The strength of the Spartan system. First one is strong military system. In the comparison with the other city-states. Sparta had strong military system. Stability in orders because of this strong military. No internal revolt due to strict control. Simple and efficient governance system. Weaknesses. Lack of intellectual and cultural development. No cultural and intellectual development in Sparta. Ethnic democratic system. Intellectual and cultural development. But not in Sparta. Because of the strictness. Rigid social system. Declining population. He used to train people from childhood. He used to kill disabled children. He used to kill them. Disabled children. Because they were not eligible to join the military. The system of marriage was very weak. Because of the lack of marriage. Their population declined. Over-defendants are the hillards. Hillards were more in number. But they were not considered citizens. We can call them slaves. They were over-defendants. Because they used to trade. They used to work in agriculture. They were over-defendants. Spartan system was a unique blend of monarchy and oligarchy. A mixture of oligarchy and monarchy. Dual kingship. Eurasia. Council of elders. A force. Overseer. A phala. The citizen assembly. Barons. The power. Extreme militarization ensured dominance. But limited flexibility. Eventually declined due to internal weaknesses. And external pressures. Internal weaknesses. I have discussed some of them. Over-defendants are the hillards. Population declining. External pressure. They were always at war. With other Greek states. Even with the Persian Empire. Later on. When the Roman Empire rose. All these areas were under Roman control. Thank you. Take care. Goodbye.